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THAI AGRICULTURAL STANDARD
TAS 25-2015
DRAGON FRUIT
National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
ICS 67.080.10 ISBN
UNOFFICAL TRANSLATION
THAI AGRICULTURAL STANDARD
TAS 25-2015
DRAGON FRUIT
National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
50 Phaholyothin Road, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900
Telephone (662) 561 3384 Fax. (662) 561 3357
www.acfs.go.th
Published in the Royal Gazette, Announcement and General Publication Vol. 132,
Special Section 302 D,
Dated 19 November B.E.2558 (2015)
(2)
Technical Committee on the Elaboration of the Thai Agricultural Standard for Dragon Fruit
1. Director General of Department of Agriculture or the designator Chairperson
Mr. Chamrong Daoruang
2. Representative of the Department of Agricultural Extension Member
Mr. Manoo Posomboon
Mr. Kitti Srakaew
3. Representative of the National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards Member
Ms. Nalintip Peanee
4. Representative of the Horticulture Research Institute, Department of Agriculture Member
Mrs. Supatta Lertwatanakiat
Mr. Thaveesak Sangudom
5. Representative of the Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Member
Kasetsart University
Ms. Prason Saradhuldhat
Assistant Profession Thammasak Thongket
6. Representative of the Office of the National Farmers Council Member
Mrs. Rattapat Yingsuksantisuk
Mr. Kittipong Chatluong
7. Representative of the Horticultural Science Society of Thailand Member
Mr. Suraphong Kosiyachinda
8. Representative of the Thai Retailers Association Member
Mrs. Jurarat Pattanatorn
9. Representative of the Thai Fresh Fruit Traders and Exporters Association Member
Mr. Paiboon Wongchotsathit
Mr. Natakrit Eaemsakul
10. Associate Professor Chalongchai Babpraserth Member
Expert in Breeding
11. Mr. Yossapol Palapol Member
Expert in Postharvest Technology
12. Mr. Suraphong Kosiyachinda Member
Expert in Quality Management
13. Mr. Wanchai Lertpongdee Member
Expert in Crop Production
(3)
14. Mr. Wisit Jamsila Member
Expert in Crop Production
15. Representative of the Office of Standard Development Member and Secretary
National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards
Ms. Jiraporn Bancheun
(4)
Dragon fruit is an agricultural commodity and a popular fruit among fruit lovers. Thailand has the
potential to produce since it can be grown in many parts of the country. At present Thailand not
only imports, but also exports dragon fruit. To establish dragon fruit standard is significant for the
improvement of the fruit quality and food safety. This will allow consumers and traders both
domestic and international to have better trust and accept Thai dragon fruit. The Committee of
Agricultural Commodity Standards deems it proper to have the Agricultural Commodity Standard
for dragon fruit established.
This standard is based on the following documents:
CODEX STAN 237-2003. CODEX STANDARD FOR PITAHAYAS. Joint FAO/WHO Food
Standard Programme. FAO, Rome. 4p.
ASEAN STAN 42:2015. ASEAN STANDARD FOR DRAGON FRUIT. Public Affairs Office.
ASEAN Secretariat. Jakarta, Indonesia. 8 p.
NOTIFICATION OF THE MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND COOPERATIVES
SUBJECT: THAI AGRICULTURAL STANDARD: DRAGON FRUIT
UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL STANDARDS ACT B.E. 2551 (2008)
----------------------------------------
Whereas the Agricultural Standards Committee deems it necessary to establish
an agricultural standard for Melon as a voluntary standard in accordance with the
Agricultural Standards Act, B.E. 2551 (2008) to promote such agricultural commodity to
meet its standard on quality and safety.
By virtue of Sections 5, 15 and 16 of the Agricultural Standards Act, B.E. 2551(2008)
and the decision of the Agricultural Standards Committee at the Second Session dated 29 July
B.E.2558 (2015), the Minister of Agriculture and Cooperatives hereby issues this Notification on
the Establishment of Thai Agricultural Standard: Dragon Fruit (TAS 25-2015), as a voluntary
standard, details of which are attached herewith.
Notified on 21 September B.E. 2555 (2015)
(Ms. Chatchai Sarikulya)
Minister of Agriculture and Cooperatives
TAS 25-2015
THAI AGRICULTURAL STANDARD
DRAGON FRUIT
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard applies to commercial varieties of dragon fruit (pitayas, pitahayas) grown
from Selenicereus sp. and Hylocereus spp. of Cataceae family, to be supplied fresh after
preparation and package.
1.2 This standard does not include dragon fruit used in the industrial processing.
2. QUALITY
2.1 Minimum requirements
2.1.1 In all classes, subject to the special provisions for each class and the tolerances allowed,
the dragon fruit shall be as follows:
(1) whole with fruit stem and/or part of the stem attached not longer than 2 cm.;
(2) characteristics of the variety;
(3) fresh;
(4) firm;
(5) free of thorn;
(6) free of abrasion and bruising marks rendering it unfit for consumption, no deterioration
or rotting;
(7) clean, practically free from any visible foreign matter;
(8) free of splitting or crack affecting dragon fruit flesh quality;
(9) practically free of pest affecting the external appearance of dragon fruit;
(10) free of damage caused by pests affecting flesh quality;
(11) free of abnormal external moisture, excluding condensation following removal from
cold storage;
(12) free of damage caused by low and/or high temperature;
(13) free of any foreign smell and/or taste.
2.1.2 Dragon fruit shall be harvested at the appropriate harvesting index depending on
variety, season and planting location and/or market demand, and are in acceptable condition
at the place of destination.
TAS 25-2015 2
2.2 Classification
Dragon fruit is classified into 3 classes as follows:
2.2.1 Extra Class
Dragon fruit in this class shall be of superior quality. The fruit is free of abnormal shape, free
of skin and peel defects. If any of abnormality or defects present, they should not be
conspicuous, and do not affect the general appearance of the produce, its flesh quality, the
keeping quality and presentation in the package.
2.2.2 Class I
Dragon fruit in this class must be of good quality, slight abnormality or defect may be
allowed in the following, provided that those defect and abnormality do not affect the general
appearance of the produce, its flesh quality, the keeping quality and presentation in the
package:
(1) slight abnormality in shape;
(2) slight skin and peel defects such as scratches, shallow scars and traces of pest damages.
The total skin and peel defect area sizes shall not exceed 5% of dragon fruit skin surface area.
2.2.3 Class II
This class includes dragon fruit which do not qualify for inclusion in the higher classes, but
satisfy the minimum requirements specified in Section 2.1.Abnormality and defects of dragon
fruit in this class are allowed, provided that they do not affect the general appearance of the
produce, its flesh quality, the keeping quality and presentation in the package as the
following:
(1) abnormality in shape,
(2) skin and peel defects such as scratches, shallow scars and traces of pest damages. The
total skin and peel defect areas shall not exceed 10% of dragon fruit skin surface area.
TAS 25-2015
3. SIZE
Dragon fruit sizes are determined by weight as shown in Table1:
Table 1 Sizes of Dragon fruit
Size code
Weight/fruit
(g)
Red skin, White fresh
(Hylocereus undatus)
Red skin, Red flesh or
Red skin, Pink flesh
(Hylocereus spp.)
Yellow or Gold skin,
White flesh.
(Hylocereus sp. and
Selenicereus sp.)
1 >600 >500 >350
2 >500 – 600 >400 – 500 >250 – 350
3 >400 – 500 >300 – 400 >200 – 250
4 >300 – 400 >250 – 300 >150 – 200
5 >250 – 300 >200 – 250 >100 – 150
6 200 – 250 - -
Note: The classification of quality and size code according to this standard may be
combined to stipulate trade classification. Trading partners may name the trade
classification differently depending on their requirements or seasonal limitations.
4. TOLERANCES
Tolerances according to unsatisfied quality and size shall be allowed in each package as
follows:
4.1 Quality tolerances
4.1.1 Extra Class
Five percent by number or weight not satisfying the requirements of the Extra Class (Section
2.2.1), but meeting those of Class I (Section 2.2.2) or, exceptionally, coming within the
tolerances of Class I (Section 4.1.2).
4.1.2 Class I
Ten percent by number or weight not satisfying the requirements of Class I (Section 2.2.2),
but meeting those of Class II (Section 2.2.3) or, exceptionally, coming within the tolerances
of Class II (Section 4.1.3).
TAS 25-2015 4
4.1.3 Class II
Ten percent by number or weight satisfying neither the requirements of Class II (Section
2.2.3), nor the minimum requirements (Section 2.1), with the exception of produce affected
by bruised mark, rotting or other deterioration rendering it unfit for consumption.
4.2 Size tolerances
For all size codes, ten percent by number or weight corresponding to the size code
immediately above or below that indicated on the package.
5. PACKAGING
5.1 Uniformity
The contents of each package shall be uniform and contain only dragon fruit of the same
variety, quality, size and colour. The visible part of the content of the package shall
represent the entire contents.
5.2 Package
Dragon fruit shall be packed in a proper package for storage. The materials used inside the
package shall be clean and of good quality. It shall be able to protect dragon fruit from
damage affecting the quality. The uses of such materials, particularly of paper or stamps
bearing trade specifications are allowed, provided that the printing or labelling has been
done with non-toxic ink or glue.
6. MARKING AND LABELLING
6.1 Consumer packages
The information shall appear on the package, wrapping material, fastening material, tag or on
the fruit in a manner that is legible, clear, and indelible without false or deception as follows:
(1) Name of the produce
To be labelled as “dragon fruit” and/or “name of the variety”
(2) Net weight in metric system
(3) Class (optional)
(4) Size code and/or size (optional)
(5) Information of producer, packer, distributor, importer or exporter
Indicate the name and address of producer, packer, distributor, importer or exporter.
(6) Origin of produce
Indicate country of origin, except production for domestic market.
TAS 25-2015
(7) Language
Label of produce for domestic market shall be in Thai, however, foreign language may
also be added. Label of produce for export can be in foreign language.
6.2 Non-retail containers
The information shall be shown on the accompanied documents of the shipment, on the label,
or on the container in a manner that is legible, indelible without false or deception as follows:
(1) Name of the produce;
To be labelled as “dragon fruit” and/or “name of the variety”
(2) Net weight in metric system
(3) Class
(4) Size code and/or size
(5) Information of producer, packer, distributor, importer or exporter
Indicate the name and address of producer, packer, distributor, importer or exporter.
(6) Origin of produce
Indicate country of origin, except production for domestic market.
(7) Language
Label of produce for domestic market shall be in Thai, however, foreign language may
also be added. Label of produce for export can be in foreign language.
6.3 Certification mark
The use of certification mark under the Agricultural Standards Act, B.E.2551 (2008) and its
amendments shall be complied with the Ministerial Regulation of B.E.2553 (2010) on
Provisions Concerning Characteristics of Mark, Application and Display, and the related
Notifications of National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards.
7. CONTAMINANTS
Type and maximum level of contaminants in dragon fruit shall be in compliance with the
relevant laws and regulations.
8. PESTICIDE RESIDUES
Type and maximum residue limit in pesticide residues in dragon fruit shall be in compliance
with the related laws and regulations3/
and the requirements under the Thai Agricultural
Standards on Pesticide Residues: Maximum Residue Limits (TAS 9002) and Pesticide
Residues: Extraneous Maximum Residue Limits (TAS 9003).
TAS 25-2015 6
9. HYGIENE
Dragon fruit shall be produced under good hygienic practices in accordance with related on
Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) or Good Agricultural Practices for Food Crop (TAS
9001) and/or Good Manufacturing Practices for Packing House of Fresh Fruits and
Vegetables (TAS 9035) or other equivalent standards.
10. METHODS OF ANALYSIS AND SAMPLING
10.1 Analytical method
Analytical methods are shown in Table 2:
Table 2. Analytical method
Criteria Analytical method Principle
1. Quality : minimum
requirements (Section 2.1)
Visual inspection and sensory test -
2. Defect in shape and colour
(Section 2.2)
Visual inspection -
3. Skin and Peel defects
(Section 2.2)
Visual inspection and measuring
dimensions for area calculation
-
4. Sizing
(Section 3)
Weighing Analysis by
Weight
10.2 Sampling method
Sampling method shall be in accordance with the relevant laws, and provisions of the
Agricultural Standard on the method of sampling.
TAS 25-2015
ANNEX A
PHOTO OF DRAGON FRUIT
(a) Red skin, White flesh (Hylocereus undatus)
(b) Red skin, Red flesh (Hylocereus polyrhizus)
Figure A.1 Examples of commercial dragon fruit varieties (Section 1.1)
TAS 25-2015 8
(c) Red skin, Pink flesh (a hybrid of Hylocereus undatus)
(d) Yellow or Gold colour skin, White flesh (Hylocereus sp.)
(e) Yellow or Gold colour skin, White flesh (Selenicereus megalanthus)
Figure A.1 Examples of commercial dragon fruit varieties (Section 1.1) (continued)
TAS 25-2015
(a) Slight defects in shape (acceptable)
(b) Defects in shape (unacceptable)
Figure A.2 Examples of shape defects of dragon fruit (Section 2.2.2 and 2.2.3).
TAS 25-2015 10
Figure A.3 Examples of skin and peel defects of dragon fruit not affecting the flesh quality
which are allowed with limited amount (Section 2.2.2 and 2.2.3)
Scar on the skin
Shallow scar
Shallow scar
Scar on the skin