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Retail consists of thesaleof physical goods or merchandise from a fixed location, such as adepartment store,boutiqueorkiosk, or by mall, in small or individual lots for directconsumptionby the purchaser.[1]Retailing may include subordinated services, such asdelivery. Purchasers may be individuals or businesses. Incommerce, a "retailer" buys goodsorproductsin large quantities frommanufacturersor directly or through awholesaler, and

then sells smaller quantities to theend-user. Retail establishments are often called shops orstores. Retailers are at the end of thesupply chain. Manufacturingmarketerssee the processof retailing as a necessary part of their overalldistributionstrategy. The term "retailer" is alsoapplied where a service provider services the needs of a large number of individuals, such asapublic utility, likeelectric power.

Shops may be on residential streets, shopping streets with few or no houses or in ashoppingmall. Shopping streets may be forpedestriansonly. Sometimes a shopping street has a partialor fullroofto protect customers fromprecipitation. Online retailing, a type ofelectroniccommerceused forbusiness-to-consumer(B2C) transactions andmail order, are forms ofnon-shop retailing.

Shopping generally refers to the act ofbuying products.

Sometimes this is done to obtain necessities such as food

and clothing; sometimes it is done as a recreational

activity. Recreational shopping often involves window

shopping (just looking, not buying) and browsing and does

not always result in a purchasETypes of retail outlets

San Juan de Dios MarketinGuadalajara, Jalisco

Inside a supermarket inRussia

Amarketplaceis a location where goods and services are exchanged. The traditionalmarketsquareis acity squarewhere traders set up stalls and buyers browse the merchandise. Thiskind of market is very old, and countless such markets are still in operation around the wholeworld.

In some parts of the world, the retail business is still dominated by small family-run stores,

but this market is increasingly being taken over by largeretail chains.
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Retail is usually classified by type of products as follows:

Food products Hard goods or durable goods ("hardline retailers") - appliances, electronics, furniture,

sporting goods, etc. Goods that do not quickly wear out and provide utility over time.

Soft goods or consumables - clothing, apparel, and other fabrics. Goods that areconsumed after one use or have a limited period (typically under three years) in whichyou may use them.

There are the following types of retailers by marketing strategy:

Department stores- very large stores offering a huge assortment of "soft" and "hardgoods; often bear a resemblance to a collection of specialty stores. A retailer of suchstore carries variety of categories and has broad assortment at average price. Theyoffer considerable customer service.

Discount stores- tend to offer a wide array of products and services, but they competemainly on price offers extensive assortment of merchandise at affordable and cut-rateprices. Normally retailers sell less fashion-oriented

This article needs additionalcitationsforverification. Please helpimprove thisarticleby adding citations toreliable sources. Unsourced material may bechallengedandremoved.(January 2012)

A department store is aretailestablishment which satisfies a wide range ofdurablegoodsand products to the consumer's personal and residential needs; and at the sametime offering the consumer a choice of multiplemerchandise lines, at variable price

points, in all product categories.[citation needed]

Department stores usually sell productsincluding clothing, furniture, home appliances, toys, cosmetics, gardening, toiletries,sporting goods,do it yourself, paint and hardware and additionally select other linesof products such as food, books, jewelry, electronics, stationery, photographicequipment and baby and pet needs. Certain department stores are further classified asdiscount stores. Discount department stores commonly have central customercheckoutareas, generally in the front area of the store. Department stores are usuallypa

The examples and perspective in this article may not represent aworldwide viewof the subject. Pleaseimprove this articleand discuss the issue on thetalk page.(June 2010)

A typicalWal-Martdiscount department store. A discount store is a type ofdepartment store, which sells products atpriceslower

than those asked by traditional retail outlets. Most discount department stores offer a
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wide assortment of goods; others specialize in such merchandise as jewelry, electronicequipment, or electrical appliances. Discount stores are notvariety stores, which sellgoods at a single price-point or multiples thereof (1, $2, etc.). Discount stores differfrom variety stores in that they sell many name-brand products, and because of thewide price range of the items offered. FollowingWorld War II, a number of retail

establishments in the U.S. began to pursue a high-volume, low-profit-margin strategydesigned to attract price-conscious consumers.[citation needed]

CurrentlyWal-Mart, the largest retailer in the world, operates more than 1,300discount stores in the U.S.TargetandKmartare Wal-Mart's top competitors. Wal-Mart as of 2004, owns 90% of theAsdachain of supermarkets in the UK. As of 2008,the main rival to Asda isTESCO

of aretail chainof many stores situated around a country or several countries

The examples and perspective in this article may not represent aworldwide viewof the subject. Pleaseimprove this articleand discuss the issue on thetalk page.(December 2010)

A warehouse store, as opposed to awarehouse club, is aretaillocation with a limited varietyof merchandisesold in bulkat a discounttocustomers. Unlike a warehouse club, warehousestores do not require their patrons to obtain amembershipnor do they require the payment ofanyfees.

This type of store is also referred to as a "Big Box" or "Price-Impact" store because of thespartan,warehousestyle of the interior and the low prices. These stores tend to feature blacktext on a yellow background in marketing and in decor.

[edit] Examples in the United States

NotableUnited Stateswarehouse store chains includeWinCo Foods,Food 4 Less,Foods Co.,Super Saver Foods, andAldi.

Many warehouse stores are operated by traditional grocery chains both as a way to attractlower income, value conscious consumers and to maximize their buying power in order tolower costs at their mainstream stores. Notable examples of corporations who operatewarehouse stores includeUnited StateschainsKroger[1]andAlbertsons LLC[2]and thesmallerSacramento-basedNugget Market.[3]However,WinCo Foodsis an exception as it isa warehouse chain of its own and not part of a larger chain of traditional supermarkets likeSafeway,Kroger, orSupervalu.

Features of warehouse store or warehouse club:

1. No frills and no service outlets2. Generally carry non-food items but some may carry food items3. Located in low rent area

A variety store or price-point retailer is aretail storethat sells inexpensive items, often

with a single price for all items in the store. Typical merchandise includescleaningsupplies,toys, household goods and gardening equipment.
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ia.org/wiki/Cleaninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleaninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleaninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retail_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervaluhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krogerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safeway_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WinCo_Foodshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warehouse_store#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nugget_Markethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramento,_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertsons_LLChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertsons_LLChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krogerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krogerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Saver_Foodshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foods_Co.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_4_Lesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WinCo_Foodshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Warehouse_store&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warehousehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big-box_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feehttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Membershiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discounts_and_allowanceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_purchasinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warehouse_clubhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Warehouse_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Warehouse_store&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_biashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retail_chainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tescohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asdahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sears_Holdings_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Target_Storeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wal-Marthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store


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Formerly many variety stores hadlunch countersfor inexpensive meals.

Contents

[hide]

1 Products 2 Economics 3 Throughout the world

o 3.1 North Americao 3.2 Europeo 3.3 Asiao 3.4 South Americao 3.5 Australasia

4 Price points 5 See also 6 References

[edit] Products

Variety store products include cooking supplies, small tools, personal hygiene supplies,kitchen supplies, organizational supplies, small office supplies, holiday decorations,electronics supplies, gardening supplies, home decor, novelties, toys, pet supplies,out of printbooks, DVDs and VHS tapes, food products, automotive supplies, among other products.

Some items sold at a certain price point would cost that much anyway, whereas other itemsoffer a substantially lower price than usual. There are three reasons a variety store is able tosell merchandise at such a low price:

The product is agenericorprivate label, often specially manufactured for such stores,using cheaper ingredients and processes than products intended for the mass market.

The product was manufactured cheaply for a foreign market but was then re-importedby an unauthorized distributor (grey marketgoods).

The product is purchased from another retail store or distributor as discontinued anddiscounted merchandise. (Often items were manufactured to coincide with the

promotion of a motion picture, television show or special event (e.g.Olympic games),and are past their prime price.)

Some stores carry mostly new merchandise, some mostlycloseoutmerchandise bought fromother stores below regular wholesale cost.

Depending upon the size, some variety stores may have a frozen food and drink section, andalso one with fruits and vegetables. TheDeal$,Dollar Tree, and99 Cents Only Storechainsin the U.S. are three such examples. Some stores may have a section of single price pointitems combined on the same premises with a section selling larger, more expensivemerchandise like CD players, lamps, and silverware. The flagship store of Jack's 99 andJack's World inNew York Cityis an example of such a store. Jack's 99 carries all types ofitems that retail for 99 cents, whereas Jack's World sells branded goods at discount prices.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunch_counterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunch_counterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunch_counterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#Productshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#Productshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#Economicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#Economicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#Throughout_the_worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#Throughout_the_worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#North_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#North_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#South_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#South_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#Australasiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#Australasiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#Price_pointshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#Price_pointshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Variety_store&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Variety_store&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out_of_print_bookshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out_of_print_bookshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out_of_print_bookshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out_of_print_bookshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_brandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_brandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_brandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_labelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_labelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_labelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_markethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_markethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_markethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_gameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_gameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_gameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closeouthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closeouthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closeouthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deal$http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deal$http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deal$http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_Treehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_Treehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_Treehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/99_Cents_Only_Storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/99_Cents_Only_Storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/99_Cents_Only_Storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/99_Cents_Only_Storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_Treehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deal$http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closeouthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_gameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_markethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_labelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_brandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out_of_print_bookshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out_of_print_bookshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Variety_store&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#Price_pointshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#Australasiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#South_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#North_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#Throughout_the_worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#Economicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_store#Productshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunch_counter


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DVDs and/or videotapes containingpublic domaincartoons, such asBetty Boop,PopeyeandFelix the Catmay be sold at some variety stores.

[edit] Economics

This article does notciteanyreferences or sources. Please helpimprove thisarticleby adding citations toreliable sources. Unsourced material may bechallengedandremoved.(December 2009)

Specialty stores (British: Speciality shops) are small stores which specialize in a specificrange of merchandise and related items. Most stores have an extensive depth of stock in theitem that they specialize in and provide high levels of service and expertise. The pricingpolicy is generally in the medium to high range, depending on factors like the type andexclusivity of merchandise and ownership, that is, whether they are owner operated or a chainoperation which has the advantage of bulk purchasing and centralized warehousing system.

They differ fromdepartment storesandsupermarketswhich carry a wide range ofmerchandise.

This article includes alist of references, but its sources remain unclear because ithas insufficientinline citations. Please help toimprovethis article byintroducingmore precise citations. (November 2010)

Smiths Gully General Store inSmiths Gully,Australia.

A general store, general merchandise store, or village shop (UK) is a rural or small townstorethat carries ageneral line of merchandise.[1]It carries a broad selection of merchandise,

sometimes in a small space, where people

from the town and surrounding rural areas come to purchase all their general goods. The storecarries routine stock and obtains special orders fromwarehouses. It differs from aconvenience storeor corner shop in that it will be the main shop for the community ratherthan a convenient supplement.

Bodeguita comes from theSpanish languageas adiminutiveofbodegawhich means "smallstore" or "small warehouse". Traditionally, Bodeguita existed selling generalmerchandise,then they were replaced slowly by thechain store, the same way large US chains havepractically eliminated the "mom and pop" store.
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ikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merchandisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodegahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diminutivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convenience_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wholesalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_store#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_line_of_merchandisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retailinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smiths_Gully,_Victoriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_citehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Checkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:INCITEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarkethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Specialty_store&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Specialty_store&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Variety_store&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_the_Cathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popeyehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Boophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain


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General stores often sell staple food items such as milk and bread, and various householdgoods such as hardware and electrical supplies. The concept of the general store is very old,and although some still exist, there are far fewer than there once were, due tourbanization,urban sprawl, and the relatively recent phenomenon ofbig-box stores.

The term "general merchandise store" is also used to describe a hybrid of adepartment store,with a wide selection of goods, and adiscount store, with low prices. Examples include thatthere are no more existing.[2]

A convenience store, store, corner shop, called a bodega inSpanish-speaking areas of theUnited States, is a small store or shop in a built up area that stocks a range of everyday itemssuch as groceries, toiletries, alcoholic and soft drinks, tobacco products, newspapers and mayalso offermoney orderandwire transferservices. They differ fromgeneral storesand villageshops in that they are not in a rural location, and are used as a convenient supplement to themain shopping rather than being the main store.

A convenience store may form part ofgas/petrol stations. They may be located alongsidebusy roads, in urban areas, or nearrailway stationsor other transportation hubs. In somecountries convenience stores have longshopping hours, some being open 24 hours.

Convenience stores are usually more expensive than regular supermarkets, which they makeup for with greater convenience by existing at more locations and having shorter cashierlines.[1]

Types

Various types exist, for example: liquor stores (off-licencesoffies), mini-markets (mini-marts) or party stores. Typically junk food (sweets, ice-cream, soft drinks), lottery tickets,newspapers and magazines are sold. Unless the outlet is a liquor store, the range of alcoholbeverages is likely to be limited (i.e. beer and wine) or non-existent. Most stores carrycigarettes and other tobacco products. Varying degrees of food and grocery supplies areusually available, from household products, to prepackaged foods like sandwiches and frozenburritos. Automobile-related items such as motor oil, maps and car kits may be sold. Oftentoiletries and other hygiene products are stocked, as well as feminine hygiene andcontraception. Some of these stores also offer money orders and wire transfer services.

Convenience stores that are near fishing destinations may carry live bait, such asnightcrawlersorcrickets.

The most common type of foods offered in convenience stores are breakfast sandwiches andother breakfast food. ThroughoutEuropeconvenience stores now sell freshFrench bread(orsimilar). A process of freezingparbakedbread allows easy shipment (often from France) andbaking in-store.[citation needed] Some stores have a delicatessen counter, offering custom-madesandwiches andbaguettes. Others have racks offering fresh delivered or bakeddoughnutsfrom local doughnut shops. Some stores have a self-servicemicrowave ovenfor heatingpurchased food.

In the US, some fast food chains offer a counter in convenience stores. Instead of cookingfood in the store, these counters offer a limited menu of items delivered several times a day
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from a local branch of the restaurant. Convenience stores may be combined with otherservices, such as a train station ticket counter,post officecounter or a petrol pumps. In Asiancountries, likeJapanorTaiwan, convenience stores are more common because of the higherpopulation density. They are found with gas and train stations, but also can be stand-alonestores. Here, items like soft drinks or snacks are sold. Hot dogs, sausages, hard boiled tea

eggs, and fish cake can be found in stores. Delicatessens are absent, instead pre-madesandwiches can be bought. Non-food products like magazines are also sold, but at a lesserextent. Many convenience stores also have a fountain that offers a variety of beverages suchas coffee, soft drinks and frozen beverages.

[edit] Differences from supermarkets

HypermarketFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Packaged food aisles at aFred Meyerhypermarket inPortland, Oregon

Incommerce, a hypermarket is asuperstorecombining asupermarketand adepartmentstore. The result is an expansiveretailfacility carrying a wide range of products under oneroof, including fullgrocerieslines andgeneral merchandise. In theory, hypermarkets allowcustomers to satisfy all their routine shopping needs in one trip.

7 Notes

[edit] Overview

Hypermarkets, like otherbig-box stores, typically have business models focusing on high-volume, low-marginsales. A typicalWal-MartSupercenter covers anywhere from 150,000square feet (14,000 m2) to 235,000 square feet (21,800 m2) and a typical Carrefour covers

20,000 m (210,000 square feet). They generally have more than 200,000 different brands of
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merchandise available at any one time. Because of their largefootprints, many hypermarketschoosesuburbanor out-of-town locations that are easily accessible by automobile.

The examples and perspective in this article may not represent aworldwide viewof the subject. Pleaseimprove this articleand discuss the issue on thetalk page.

(October 2010)

Produce section in a supermarket

Packaged food aisles in a supermarket

A supermarket, a form ofgrocery store, is aself-servicestoreoffering a wide variety offoodand householdmerchandise, organized intodepartments. It is larger in size and has awider selection than a traditional grocery store, also selling items typically found in aconvenience store, but is smaller and more limited in the range of merchandise than ahypermarket orbig-box store.

The supermarket typically comprisesmeat, freshproduce,dairy, and baked goods

departments, along with shelf space reserved for canned and packaged goods as well as forvarious non-food items such as household cleaners, pharmacy products andpetsupplies.Most supermarkets also sell a variety of other household products that are consumedregularly, such as alcohol (where permitted),medicine, andclothes, and some stores sell amuch wider range of non-food products.

The traditional suburban supermarket occupies a large amount of floor space, usually on asingle level. It is usually situated near a residential area in order to be convenient toconsumers. Its basic appeal is the availability of a broad selection of goods under a singleroof, at relatively low prices. Other advantages include ease of parking and frequently theconvenience of shopping hours that extend far into the evening or even 24 hours a day.

Supermarkets usually allocate large budgets to advertising, typically through newspapers.They also present elaborate in-store displays of products. The stores are usually part of
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corporatechainsthat own or control (sometimes byfranchise) other supermarkets locatednearbyeven transnationallythus increasing opportunities foreconomies of scale.

Supermarkets typically are supplied by thedistribution centresof theirparent companies,usually in the largest city in the province.

Supermarkets usually offer products at low prices by reducing their economic margins.Certain products (typicallystaple foodssuch asbread,milkandsugar) are occasionally soldas loss leaders, that is, with negativeprofit margins. To maintain aprofit, supermarketsattempt to make up for the lower margins by a higher overall volume of sales, and with thesale of higher-margin items. Customers usually shop by placing their selected merchandiseintoshopping carts(trolleys) or baskets (self-service) and pay for the merchandise at thecheck-out. At present, many supermarket chains are attempting to further reducelabor costsby shifting toself-service check-outmachines, where a single employee can oversee a groupof four or five machines at once, assisting multiple customers at a time.

A larger full-service supermarket combined with adepartment storeis sometimes known as ahypermarket. Other services offered at some supermarkets may include those ofbanks,cafs,childcare centres/creches,photo processing,video rentals,pharmaciesand/orpetrol stations.

Contents

[hide]

1 History 2 Growth in developing countries

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia(Redirected fromShopping Mall)

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Interior of theToronto Eaton CentreinToronto,Ontario,Canada.
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Haifa Mall,Haifa,Israel.

A shopping mall, shopping centre, shopping arcade, shopping precinct or simply mall isone or more buildings forming a complex ofshopsrepresenting merchandisers, withinterconnectingwalkwaysenabling visitors to easily walk from unit to unit, along with a

parking area

a modern, indoor version of the traditional marketplace.

Modern "car-friendly"strip mallsdeveloped from the 1920s, and shopping mallscorresponded with the rise ofsuburbanliving in many parts of the Western World, especiallythe United States, afterWorld War II. From early on, the design tended to be inward-facing,with malls following theories of how customers could best be enticed in a controlledenvironment. Similar, the concept of a mall having one or more "anchor" or "big box" storeswas pioneered early, with individual stores or smaller-scalechain storesintended to benefitfrom the shoppers attracted by the big stores.[1]

This article has multiple issues. Please helpimprove itor discuss these issues on thetalk page.

It includes alist of references, but its sources remain unclear because it hasinsufficientinline citations.Tagged since July 2011.

It relies largely or entirely upon asingle source.Tagged since July 2011. It relies onreferencestoprimary sourcesor sources affiliated with the

subject, rather than references from independent authors and third-partypublications. Tagged since July 2011.

Category killer is a term used inmarketingandstrategic managementto describe aproduct,service,brand, orcompanythat has such a distinct sustainablecompetitive advantagethatcompeting firmsfind it almost impossible to operate profitably in that industry (or in thesame local area).[citation needed] The existence of a category killer eliminates almost all marketentities, whether real or virtual. Many existing firms leave the industry, thereby increasing theindustry'sconcentration ratio.

The definition most often associated with the term is abig-boxretail chain(such asHomeDepot,Best BuyorToys "R" Us) that is focused on one or few categories of merchandise andoffers a wide selection of merchandise in these categories at relatively low prices. Theemergence of such stores has taken a toll on specialised local stores in the same market (such

as toys), but also affected many largerdepartment stores.

An example of a category killer business iseBay. The online auction site has a near-monopolybecause buyers and sellers naturally gravitate to the largest, most liquid market. Asa result, the site has almost no competition and has forced similar auction sites (like those runbyYahoo!) into a very small portion of the market. Jupiter Communications has estimatedthat eBay earned 90% of all revenues in the consumer-to-consumer auction market in the year

2000.[1]edit

Online shopping is a form ofelectronic commercewhereby consumers directly buy goods or

servicesfrom a seller over theInternetwithout an intermediary service. An online shop, eshop, e-store, Internet shop, webshop,webstore, online store, or virtual store evokes the physical analogy of
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buyingproductsor services at abricks-and-mortarretailerorshopping centre. The process is called

business-to-consumer (B2C) online shopping. When a business buys from another business it is

called business-to-business (B2B) online shopping.

A vending machine is amachinewhich dispenses items such as snacks, beverages, alcohol,

cigarettes, lottery tickets, consumer products and even gold and gems to customersautomatically, after the customer insertscurrencyorcreditinto the machine. Automatedretail is the category ofself-service, standalone kiosks in heavily trafficked establishmentssuch as airports, malls and resorts.[1]

The kiosks are usually aturn-keysolution with the necessary hardware, technology andservices required to maintain an automated, small-footprint retail store.

Consumers select products using a touchscreen interface, pay for purchases using a credit ordebit card and then the product is dispensed, sometimes via an internal robotic arm in the

machine.

[2]

ZoomShopsandRedboxand Automated Stores are examples.[3]

A big-box store (also supercenter, superstore, or megastore) is a physically large retailestablishment, usually part of achain. The term sometimes also refers, by extension, to thecompany that operates the store. The store may sell generaldry goodsin which case it is adepartment store, or may be limited to a particular specialty (such establishments are oftencalled "category killers") or may include groceries, in which case some countries use the termhypermart.

A convenience store, store, corner shop, called a bodega inSpanish-speaking areas of theUnited States, is a small store or shop in a built up area that stocks a range of everyday itemssuch as groceries, toiletries, alcoholic and soft drinks, tobacco products, newspapers and mayalso offermoney orderandwire transferservices. They differ fromgeneral storesand villageshops in that they are not in a rural location, and are used as a convenient supplement to themain shopping rather than being the main store.

A convenience store may form part ofgas/petrol stations. They may be located alongsidebusy roads, in urban areas, or nearrailway stationsor other transportation hubs. In somecountries convenience stores have longshopping hours, some being open 24 hours.

Convenience stores are usually more expensive than regular supermarkets, which they makeup for with greater convenience by existing at more locations and having shorter cashierlines.[1]
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