thalamus hypothalamus gaj.ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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Diencephalon:Thalamus and Hypothalamus
January 13, 2009
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Diencephalon
• Relay between the brainstem & cerebral cortex• Dorsal-posterior structures
– Epithalamus• Habenular nuclei – integrate smell & emotions• Pineal gland – monitors diurnal / nocturnal rhythm
– Thalamus– Metathalamus
• Medial geniculate body – auditory relay• Lateral geniculate body – visual relay
• Ventral-anterior structure– Hypothalamus
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Function of the Thalamus• Sensory relay
– ALL sensory information (except smell)
• Motor integration– Input from cortex, cerebellum
and basal ganglia• Arousal
– Part of reticular activating system
• Pain modulation– All nociceptive information
• Memory & behavior– Lesions are disruptive
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Input to the Thalamus
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Input to the Thalamus
Metathalamus Vision and Hearing
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Input to the Thalamus
Sensory relay - Ventral posterior group all sensation from body and head, including pain
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Input to the Thalamus
Motor control and integration
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Input to the Thalamus
Behavior and emotion connection with hypothalamus
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Projections from the Thalamus
Metathalamus Vision and Hearing
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Proyecciones desde el Tálamo
Sensory relay Ventral posterior group
all sensation from body and head, including pain.
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Projections from the Thalamus
Motor control and integration
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Projections from the Thalamus
Behavior and emotion connection with hypothalamus
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Thalamus: axial view
Descending upper motor neurons
Cerebral peduncles Internal capsule
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Thalamus: axial view
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Thalamus: sagittal view
Pons
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Thalamus: sagittal view
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Thalamus: coronal view
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Thalamus: coronal view
3rd ventricle
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Thalamus: coronal view
Internal capsule
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Thalamus: coronal view
Internal capsule
Cerebral peduncles
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Thalamus: coronal view
Mediodorsal nucleus Internal capsule
Dorsomedial nucleus has reciprocal connections to prefrontal cortex.
Concerned with judgment, decision making, memory and behavior.
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Thalamus
Mediodorsal nucleus Internal capsule
Ventral lateral nucleus
VL nucleus has reciprocal connections with primary motor cortex. It receives input from cerebellar nuclei.
With VA nucleus (which receives input from basal ganglia) contributes to planning and control of movement.
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Thalamus: blood supply
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Hypothalamus
Located ventral-anterior to thalamus.
(Subthalamus, located ventral to thalamus, will be discussed with basal ganglia.)
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Hypothalamus
Coronal view
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Hypothalamus
Sagittal view
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Hypothalamus
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Hypothalamus
Thalamus
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Hypothalamus
Optic chiasm
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Hypothalamus
Pituitary Gland
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Hypothalamus
Mammillary body: termination of fornix
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Hypothalamus
Fornix: part of the limbic system
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Hypothalamus
Fornix to mammillary bodies
Coronal view
Lateral view
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Hypothalamus: sagittal view
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Hypothalamus: sagittal view
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Hypothalamus: sagittal view
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Hypothalamus: sagittal view
Connects temporal lobes, sharing olfactory and audiovisual information
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Hypothalamus: coronal view(rostral to caudal)
PRE-OPTIC
SUPRACHIASMATIC
TUBERAL
MAMMILLARY
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Hypothalamus: coronal view
Gonadotropic releasing hormone
Sexual arousal, appetite, reproduction
Pre-Optic Region
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Hypothalamus: coronal view
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Hypothalamus: coronal view
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Hypothalamus: coronal view
Secrete ADH, oxytocin
Transported via axons to posterior pituitary (hypophysis)
Suprachiasmic Region
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Hypothalamus: coronal view
Regulates thirst
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Hypothalamus: coronal view
Body temperature
Circadian rhythms
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Hypothalamus: coronal view
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Hypothalamus: coronal view
Satiety
Tuberal Region
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Hypothalamus: coronal view
Regulates prolactin and growth hormone
β endorphin for pain
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Hypothalamus: coronal view
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Hypothalamus: coronal view
Limbic system
Mammillary region
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Hypothalamus: coronal view
Hypocretin (orexin)
Narcolepsy, reward
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Hypothalamus
Relationship to Pituitary Gland
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Hypothalamic Connections
Anterior pituitary
From Pre-optic nucleus
Tubero-infundibular tract to Median eminence, then via Portal veins
Gonadotropic releasing hormone
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Hypothalamic Connections
Posterior pituitary
Supraoptic-hypophyseal tract
ADH / Vasopressin (supraoptic nuclei)
Oxytocin (paraventricular nuclei)
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Function of the Pituitary
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Weds
Basal ganglia