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And now…Please enjoy your in flight

entertainment

Leaving Beavercreek

First stop: Athens, Greece, 550 BC–220 BCthe Birth place of theater!

How we all got started…

• Dionysus• Greek god of wine

and fertility• Festival to him

every year• Playwriting

competitions-Tragedy, Comedy, and Satyr plays

The first actor was…..

• Thespis!!!!• First person to step

out of the Greek chorus

• Why actors are called Thespians

• Used to wear masks to differentiate between characters

Greek Playwrights

• Sophocles• Euripides• Aristophanes• Aeschylus• Menander• Plato• Diphilius

• Alexis• Philemon• Hegemon• Chionides• Sophron

Next stop…

Ancient Rome27 BC -476 AD

How those Romans did it…

Influenced by the Greeks

Copied and adapted stories from Greek plays

How Ancient Rome was different

• Didn’t like the tragedies as much as the comedies

• Weren’t part of a religious ceremony• Adapted the characters (stock

characters) and costumes so audiences would understand the plays better.

Roman Stock Characters

• Characters were used over and over again• Had certain colors and costumes to help

distinguish them and make them easily recognizable– A purple robe meant the character was rich– A yellow robe meant the character was a woman.

(Needed in early Roman theatre, as originally female characters were played by men, however as the Roman theatre progressed, women took the roles of women in plays.)

– A yellow tassel meant the character was a god. – A red wig meant the character was an old man. – Scarves meant the character was a servant

Adulescens

• The hero, who is young, rich, love-struck and none too brave. He tends to bemoan his fate and requires backup. Another character often has to take action on his behalf. His father is often the senex, whom he fears, but does not respect. He wears a dark wig and his clothes are usually crimson.

Senex

• The old man has several incarnations. As the father he is either too strict or too soft; either one he does out of love for his son. As the lover he embarrasses his son, his slave, and his wife. He tends to be passionately in love with the same woman as his son, who is much too young for the senex. He never gets the girl and is often dragged off by his irate wife. Sometimes he is a friend of the family who helps theadulescens. He is often a miser, who wears a straight undergarment with long doubled sleeves. It is white and he sometimes carries a staff.

Leno

• The leno runs the brothel. The love interest of the adulescens may be owned by the leno and work at his brothel so the adulescens is often forced to deal with him. He is unabashedly amoral and is only interested in money. He dresses in a tunic and mantel and is often bald with a moneybag.

Miles Gloriosus

• The literally braggart soldier, is a character that is especially familiar today. He loves himself more than anything else and sees himself as handsome and brave, while in reality he is very stupid, cowardly, and gullible. He may be interested in the same girl as the adulescens'. He wears a tunic with long sleeves and has curly hair.

Parasitus

• The parasite lives only for himself. He is often seen begging meals or being refused them. He lies for his own gain. He dresses in a long, black or gray garment with long, doubled sleeves.

Servi

• The slaves take up about half of the cast and often have the most monologues. They are not the toilers typical of a real Roman home. The servus callidus or clever slave is always talkative, but his other traits vary. Most of the time he is loyal, more so to the adulescens than the senex. He brings tricks and comedy and tends to drive the plot. He is often the one who finds the truth out at the end of the play. He could be identified by his tendency to use alliteration and meter in his speech. The servi wear tunics and hold or carry scarves.

Ancilla

• The maid or nurse of no particular age. She is a minor character used to move the plot by presenting information or helping to develop another character. She is a tool of her mistress and may be used as a messenger.

Matrona/Mulier/Uxor

• The mother, woman, or wife is shrewd. She loves her children, but is temperamental towards her husband. She does not have to be a devoted wife, but sometimes is. She wears a long garment with flowing sleeves and a mantel.

Meretrix

• The prostitute is either a mercenary or devoted. The first type is older or more experienced and has seen a lot. The second type is truly in love with the adulescens. Both are very attractive with a complex hairdo and outfit, which is yellow. She also has a mantel

Virgo

• The young maiden is the love interest of the adulescens, but does not get much stage time. She is beautiful and virtuous with little personality. She is treated as a prize.

Welcome to Medieval Europe400 AD

Where Christianity takes over the theaters…

Theater

Liturgical Dramas

• Plays put on by the priests or the church members

• Run by the Roman Catholic Church

• Performed in Latin• Usually a complex

ritual that includes theatrical elements

Vernacular Drama

• Series of one-act dramas performed in the town square or other parts of the city.

• Spoken in the language of the common man

• Mystery Plays– Plays based on stories of the Old and New

Testament• Miracle Plays

– Plays based on the lives of saints• Morality Plays

– Taught a lesson through allegorical characters representing virtues or faults

Music and Dance

• Almost all music was religious• Choirs would use the same Latin

lyrics and put them to different tunes• Dance was considered evil.• Only dancing done in a performance

was done by actors portraying the devil.

The Captain has turned on the fasten seatbelt sign

Please remain in your seats.We may be experiencing some turbulence.

In the meantime, take out a piece of paper & pencil for Quiz #2!

The Renaissance Era1430-1600

This era is also known as The “rebirth”

“Mom, the Italians started it!!”• Italians loved the Greek style of

performing• The Renaissance version of Greek plays

became what we know as the Italian Opera

• Monologues became arias• A dialogue between two people became a

duet• A conversation or the chorus parts became

recitatives.• Claudio Monteverdi wrote the first

successful opera, “ L’Orfeo”.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hXPLDRvoMeoClick link above to listen to: “L’Orfeo” Finale

The Ballet

• Catherine of Medici married King Henri II of France

• Brought her love of arts with her from Italy to France

• Balthasar de Beaujoyeulx was hired as the chief musician

• He created ballets for the royalty and upperclass

• King Louis XIV participated in his ballets and became the first famous ballet star.

Painting of Catherine of Medici who married Henri II.

The Captain has just informed me that we’re making excellent time

We’ve just flown over the Southern part of the USA and will be taking a small stop in the Pre-

Civil War South!!!

Pre-civil war South

THE CONFEDERATES (SOUTH) VERSUS THE UNION (NORTH)

Music and Dance influences

• modern tap-dancing—was know as juba or hambone dancing. Origins in Haiti and was created by slaves who brought it to American plantations

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P5u2qEDb8EsClick to listen to Hambone master !

Singin’ the blues

Blues is a type of song that originated in African-American communities from the Deep South of America during slavery. The slaves would make up songs during their work to help them get through their misery. They also created spirituals, work songs, field hollers and chants.

LOUIS ARMSTRONG nicknamed: ‘Satchmo’, the

master of Jazz-(short for satchel mouth-because his cheeks would blow up when he played his

trumpet)

Louis Armstrong 1901-1971

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kmfeKUNDDYsClick to listen to Louis Armstrong singing ‘Hello Dolly’

Welcome Back

Your flight with Ankeney Air-Ways will resume shortly!

Minstrel ShowsWhite performers would dress like black musicians and perform their music in Minstrel Shows. Like todays’ rap music, white people wanted to look and sound like the black musicians of this time period.

Some of the most famous songs in American history--Dixie, Camptown Races, Oh Sussanah, My Old Kentucky Home--began as minstrel songs.

Next stop….

Vaudeville

Vaudeville

• Songs and dances• Pet tricks• Travel to different

venues to perform

Modern Day Vaudeville

Our Modern Day Vaudeville Acts

Pirates, Police, and LadiesThe Pirates of Penzance

AndGilbert & Sullivan

And now it’s time for the Pirates of Penzance Sing-a-

long!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wYZM__VdEjk

Showboat

1927

Showboat

• Considered to be the first well-known American made musical

• Started what was known as the “Golden Age” of musical theater.

• Integrated dialogue with the music further distinguishing the musical theater genre from opera and straight theater.

• Dealt with difficult issues (broken marriages, abandonment, class issues, race issues, alcoholism, etc.)

Oooooooooooklahoma!

Where the wind comes sweeping down the plains!

Oklahoma!

• 1947• First and most well know show done

of the Golden Age• Richard Rodgers and Oscar

Hammerstein• Landmark because of its legendary

Dream Ballet• It was know for its realismhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K7GmArz7apw&safe=active

Click link to watch and listen to the ‘Dream Ballet’ from Oklahoma from 1998 original London cast.

Other shows by Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein• The King and I• South Pacific• Cinderella• State Fair• Carousel• The Sound of Music

Jets vs. SharksWest Side Story

West Side Story

• Based on William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet

• Won 10 Academy Awards (including Best Picture for 1961)

• Story of street gangs in NYC• Legendary because it incorporated

dance into everyday movements

The End of the Golden Age

And the beginning of the age of Aquarius

Hair

• One of the first “rock musicals”• Much of the music was introduced

into pop culture like “Age of Aquarius”

• Mirrored the social unrest of the 1960s with drugs, anti-war protest, and free-love

• Ended the golden age of musical theater

The British are coming!!

A foreign invasion of musical theater

Andrew Lloyd Webber

Boublil and Schonberganswer back from FRANCE!

1970s and 1980s

• Lots of big scenery and spectacle (huge chandelier falling on stage in Phantom, a huge helicopter landing in Miss Saigon, etc.)

• European shows came over and kind of stole the show from the Americans

A Division on Broadway

Disney vs. Rent

Disney

• Wanted more family friendly shows• Started with Beauty and the Beast• Show a cleaner side of musical

theater• Have since produced The Lion King,

Tarzan, The Little Mermaid, and Mary Poppins. They are workshopping Finding Nemo for Broadway

Rent

• Promoted and alternative lifestyle to traditional family values

• Raw edge• Social decay• AIDS• Promoted tolerance for those with

alternate lifestyles.

Musical Theatre Today

The purpose of this overview• What is musical theatre? • What makes it different from other

types of theatre? • What are some things I need to know

to be able to talk about musical theater intelligently?

• What are some of the different eras within the Theatre world?

What, exactly, is musical theatre?

Musical theatre is a theatrical production that contains music, spoken dialogue, and dance.

Musicals use popular styles of music, as opposed to art music meant for the concert hall

The story of a musical is told through all aspects of the piece

What makes musical theatre different from other forms of

theatre?• Differences from opera

– Focus on spoken dialogue– Dance is much more important– Generally amplifies the singer– Uses popular styles– Almost always in the same language as the audience

• Differences from “straight” plays that don’t have music– Music drives the plot and characters– Songs are usually outside the normal action

What do I need to know to talk about musicals intelligently

• Every musical has three components: music, lyrics, and book

• The book is the story of the show- generally refers to the spoken dialogue

• The book and the lyrics combined are sometimes called the libretto

• The lyrics and the music combined are called the score

What do I need to know to talk about musicals intelligently

• Every musical production generally has five “major” positions– Director– Musical Director– Choreographer– Producer– Stage Manager

What do I need to know to talk about musicals intelligently

• Other terms to know:– Lead role– Featured role– Ensemble– Swing– Pit– Understudy– Standby

Basic Structure of most musicals• Overture- Orchestral introduction

previewing from the show• Act I• Intermission (10-20 minutes)• Act II• Curtain Call• Exit music

Types of musicals

Book Musical Traditional musical with a strong story that drives the music

and charactersRevue

A collection of songs, generally with some common element. May or may not have a plot

Concept Musical A musical where the message or metaphor is just as, if not

more important, than the actual storyJukebox musical

Musical using only songs from an artist or groupRock (or Pop) Musical

Musical that uses rock music (or pop music) as the main style of music. If there is little spoken dialogue, it could be called a rock opera or pop opera

List of eras

• Origins of Musical Theatre• The Follies Years• The Roaring Twenties• Pre WWII• The 1940’s and 1950’s• The 1960’s• The 1970’s• Contemporary Theatre

Where are we now?

Musicals of today

http://willowcreekdrama.weebly.com/musical-theater-assignments.html

Currently on Broadway• The Addams Family• American Idiot• Anything Goes• Billy Elliot• Bloody Bloody Andrew Jackson• The Book of Mormon• Brief Encounter• Chicago• Driving Miss Daisy• Elf• Elling• Fela!• A Free Man of Color• Good People• How to Succeed in Business Without

Really Trying• In the Heights• Jersey Boys• La Bete• La Cage Aux Folles• A Life in the Theater• The Lion King• A Little Night Music• Lombardi• Love Never Dies

• Mamma Mia• Mary Poppins• Memphis• Merchant of Venice• Million Dollar Quartet• Mrs. Warren’s Professsion• Next to Normal• The Pee-Wee Herman Show• Phantom of the Opera• The Pitman Painters• Promises, Promises• Rain, A Tribute to the Beatles• Rock of Ages• The Scotsboro Boys• Sister Act• Spider Man: Turn off the Dark• Time Stands Still• Unchain My Heart: The Ray Charles

Musical• West Side Story• Wicked• Women on the Verge of a Nervous

Breakdown• Wonderland