the 15 th meeting of the apec gnss implementation team (git/15) gnss for civil aviation

The 15th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)

GNSS FOR CIVIL AVIATIONGNSS FOR CIVIL AVIATION


Global Scenario

Performance Based Navigation

Automatic Dependent Surveillance

GNSS Survey

Ionospheric Data Collection Workshop

Summary

PRESENTATION STRUCTUREPRESENTATION STRUCTURE


3737THTH SESSION ICAO ASSEMBLY SESSION ICAO ASSEMBLY

Resolution A37-11 (28 Sept – 8 Oct, 2010)supersedes Resolution A36-23 (18 – 28 Sep, 2007)

• Urges all States to complete a national PBN implementation plan as soon as possible to achieve:

• PBN for en-route and terminal areas (according to established timelines and PBN for en-route and terminal areas (according to established timelines and intermediate milestones)intermediate milestones)

• PBN approach procedures with vertical guidance (APV) for all instrument runway ends PBN approach procedures with vertical guidance (APV) for all instrument runway ends (as primary or back-up for precision approach) by 2016 – 30% by 2010, 70% -- by 2014(as primary or back-up for precision approach) by 2016 – 30% by 2010, 70% -- by 2014

• Requirement to add LNAV minima to any approach chart for approach procedures with vertical guidance

• Allow States to publish LNAV only approach if no traffic equipped (avionics) for operations with vertical guidance


ICAO GNSS Manual (Doc 9849) being updated/revised by the NSP

Hurdles in the path of GNSS implementation were identified by NSP and mitigation of these hurdles are proposed to be addressed in the document

Document refers to the Global Air Navigation Plan (ICAO Doc 9750) and calls for early implementation of GNSS linking it with Global Plan Initiatives (GPI), applications like PBN, ADS-B, ADS-C etc.

Document briefly discusses Safety Case, Business Case and the transition plans.

Document discusses Performance Requirements, Core Satellite Constellations, Augmentation Systems, GNSS Vulnerabilities, GNSS Evolution, Implementation of GNSS-Based Services etc. in seven chapters and four appendices

The Document provides a very good guidance for those who are connected with GNSS implementation and usage

GNSS MANUAL (Doc 9849)GNSS MANUAL (Doc 9849)


BENEFITSBENEFITSCAPACITY -- EFFICIENCYCAPACITY -- EFFICIENCY

ATLANTA TRIALS Improvement runway utilization – Atlanta (ATL)

World’s busiest airportWorld’s busiest airport Approx 94% of daily departures RNAV capableApprox 94% of daily departures RNAV capable

More departure lanes and exit pointsMore departure lanes and exit points Capacity gain of 9 – 12 departures/hourCapacity gain of 9 – 12 departures/hour

Repeatable and predictable pathsRepeatable and predictable paths BenefitsBenefits

Increased throughputIncreased throughput Reduced departure delaysReduced departure delays $30M annual benefit (at 2007 levels)$30M annual benefit (at 2007 levels)

pli

Relation with GNSS?


FUEL SAVINGS/EMISSIONS FUEL SAVINGS/EMISSIONS REDUCEDREDUCED

Continuous Descent Operation (CDO) North Arrival STAR Atlanta (ATL)North Arrival STAR Atlanta (ATL)

144 liters of fuel savings and 360 kg reduction in CO144 liters of fuel savings and 360 kg reduction in CO22 emissions per flightemissions per flight

North Arrival STAR at Miami (MIA)North Arrival STAR at Miami (MIA) 182 – 197 liters of fuel savings and 460 – 500 kg 182 – 197 liters of fuel savings and 460 – 500 kg

reduction of COreduction of CO22 emissions per flight emissions per flight

Before RNAV After RNAV


ROADBLOCKSROADBLOCKS

o Lack of Expertise:Lack of Expertise:o Airspace DevelopmentAirspace Developmento Operational approval processOperational approval processo Pilot and Air Traffic Controllers’ TrainingPilot and Air Traffic Controllers’ Training

o Coordination between stakeholdersCoordination between stakeholderso National National o RegionalRegional

o Clearing some misconceptionsClearing some misconceptionso PBN is not a new navigation philosophy, but is just a tool to implement PBN is not a new navigation philosophy, but is just a tool to implement

navigation concept for aircraft capability which has existed for more navigation concept for aircraft capability which has existed for more than three decadesthan three decades

o Does not need the States to overhaul complete navigational Does not need the States to overhaul complete navigational infrastructure, but can be implemented step-by-stepinfrastructure, but can be implemented step-by-step

o Navspec based on operational needs & hence need not be most Navspec based on operational needs & hence need not be most advancedadvanced


PBN INITIATIVESPBN INITIATIVES

● Guidance Materials: CDO Manual (Doc 9931), Airspace Design Manual, Ops Approval Manual, revised GNSS Manual etc.

● Education: Training being organized on Airspace Design, CDO design, Procedure Design and Ops Approval etc. by ICAO Asia Pacific Office Flight Procedure Programme (FPP)

● Implementation Assistance: GO Team, in coordination with IATA visits reasonably advanced (PBN) States to provide implementation assistance

● Global Coordination: Global coordination processes have been developed to exchange information/expereinces


PBN/TF/8PBN/TF/8Eighth Meeting of the Asia Pacific Performance Based Navigation Task Eighth Meeting of the Asia Pacific Performance Based Navigation Task

Force (PBN/TF/8) was held in New Delhi, India on 12 – 13 May, Force (PBN/TF/8) was held in New Delhi, India on 12 – 13 May, 2011.2011.

The Meeting was preceded by a PBN Seminar and Workshop held in the The Meeting was preceded by a PBN Seminar and Workshop held in the same venue from 9 to 11 May 2011same venue from 9 to 11 May 2011

The Workshop provided information on the Airspace Concept and used The Workshop provided information on the Airspace Concept and used recent development in Kapitali TMA of Kapitali Airport, Coldland as a recent development in Kapitali TMA of Kapitali Airport, Coldland as a simulation exercise. simulation exercise.

In the Seminar, States and international organizations exchanged information In the Seminar, States and international organizations exchanged information on the developments that are taking place in the global scenario. on the developments that are taking place in the global scenario.

After reviewing the outcome of a survey conducted to assess States’ After reviewing the outcome of a survey conducted to assess States’ readiness to use RNP4 (30 NM lateral separation), it was concluded that readiness to use RNP4 (30 NM lateral separation), it was concluded that presently the use of RNP4 standards is likely to be applied only where a presently the use of RNP4 standards is likely to be applied only where a strategic advantage can be derived. strategic advantage can be derived.


AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT SURVEILLANCE – AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT SURVEILLANCE – BROADCAST (ADS-B) BROADCAST (ADS-B) OutOut

Regional Mandates:

AustraliaAustralia: : a) Mandate ADS-B for upper airspace (a) Mandate ADS-B for upper airspace (>> FL 290) in Dec 2009 FL 290) in Dec 2009

b) SA-Aware receiver will be required 28 June 2012b) SA-Aware receiver will be required 28 June 2012

Hong Kong, China: Hong Kong, China: Use of ADS-B outUse of ADS-B out

a) After 31 Dec 2013 for aircraft flying over PBN routes L642 or M771 a) After 31 Dec 2013 for aircraft flying over PBN routes L642 or M771 between FL 290 and FL410between FL 290 and FL410

b) After 31 Dec 2014 for aircraft flying within Hong Kong FIR between b) After 31 Dec 2014 for aircraft flying within Hong Kong FIR between FL290 to FL410FL290 to FL410

Singapore (CAAS AIC 14, 28 Dec 2010):Singapore (CAAS AIC 14, 28 Dec 2010):

a) Implement use of ADS-B Out after 12 Dec 2013 within certain parts of a) Implement use of ADS-B Out after 12 Dec 2013 within certain parts of Singapore FIR (FLSingapore FIR (FL>> 290) 290)

Other APAC Regulatory Agencies:Other APAC Regulatory Agencies:

a) Expected to follow ADS-B Avionics Requirements Template APANPIRG a) Expected to follow ADS-B Avionics Requirements Template APANPIRG Conclusion 21/39Conclusion 21/39


ADS-B OUT ADS-B OUT OPERATIONAL APPLICATIONSOPERATIONAL APPLICATIONS

Non Radar Area: Safety EnhancementSafety Enhancement Traffic Management SSR likeTraffic Management SSR like Capacity increase by reducing separation to SSR like (e.g. 5NM)Capacity increase by reducing separation to SSR like (e.g. 5NM) Reduction in cost of operation for aircraft (like better flight level)Reduction in cost of operation for aircraft (like better flight level)

Radar Area: Enables decommissioning of redundant SSRs providing same level of Enables decommissioning of redundant SSRs providing same level of

serviceservice Expected to be the primary means of surveillance with radar as back-upExpected to be the primary means of surveillance with radar as back-up Usable in combination with other surveillance sensors like Wide Area Usable in combination with other surveillance sensors like Wide Area

Multi-lateration, SSR, PSR etc.Multi-lateration, SSR, PSR etc.

Airport Applications: New tool for surface movement surveillanceNew tool for surface movement surveillance Integrated with A-SMGCS expected to fulfill airport requirementsIntegrated with A-SMGCS expected to fulfill airport requirements


AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT SURVEILLANCE – AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT SURVEILLANCE – BROADCAST (ADS-B) BROADCAST (ADS-B) ININ

No ADS-B In regulatory mandate foreseen at this time

Mature Standards and Operational Procedures are required for achieving the operational benefits.

RTCA DO-317 – Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS) for ASAS published in April 2009.

ADS-B In functions include airborne situation awareness, approach situation awareness and airport surface situation awareness.

ADS-B In benefits Provides Safety enhancementProvides Safety enhancement In Trail Procedures provide economic benefit by increasing the In Trail Procedures provide economic benefit by increasing the

chance of being granted higher preferential altitude, thus chance of being granted higher preferential altitude, thus reducing fuel consumptionreducing fuel consumption


ADS-B SITF/10ADS-B SITF/10

Tenth Meeting of ADS-B Study and Implementation Task Force was held in Singapore from 26 to 29 April 2011. Meeting was attended by 78 participants from 18 administrations and three international organizations

Meeting formulated a draft Conclusion adopting guidance material on building a Safety Case for Delivery of an ADS-B Separation Service.

Meeting noted that ICAO Circular 311 had been withdrawn and had been replaced with ICAO Circular 326.

Revised Sample Agreement for Data Sharing adopted, revised agreement more comprehensive, precise, simple, easier to read and more acceptable. Number of annexes reduced. New agreement used between Singapore and Indonesia.

Meeting agreed that cooperation in supporting VHF voice communication of other State equally important as ADS-B of other State. Draft Conclusion adopted urging States to support VHF radio air/ground communication infrastructure of adjacent State and coordinate with ICAO regional office and national telecom authorities for assignment of VHF frequency


APANPIRG/21 (September 2010) noted with concern slow progress of GNSS implementation in the region.

o To assess level of GNSS implementation in the region, survey questionnaire circulated through APAC State Letter dated 30 November 2010.

o Response has been received from 23 Administrations (out of 40) at an overall response rate of 57.5%. Efforts are being made to get response from more States.

o Survey outcome depicting level of GNSS implementation in Asia/Pacific region is provided in the following slides

GNSS SURVEYGNSS SURVEY


Most States have developed GNSS implementation plan, in the remaining States no formal plan is there but they are implementing selected GNSS applications

Most States according approval on Supplementary basis for RNAV, SID/STARs, Non Precision Approach, Approach with Vertical Guidance and Precision Approach. Many States according approval for Oceanic/Remote Areas on ‘Only Means’ basis

Many States have received request from domestic/international airline operators to implement GNSS based services. Others have adopted GNSS based applications on their own

Most of the States in the region have completed WGS-84 survey both for waypoints and for airports. Few States have not completed survey for waypoints and/or all their airports.

Some States have not developed any mechanism to maintain their database (including WGS – 84 data).

SURVEY OUTCOMESURVEY OUTCOME


More than half the States, which responded have drawn up decommissioning plan for conventional navigation aids. Decommission in 5 to 15 years.

Most of the States already published their National Performance Based Navigation (PBN) Plan, but some States have not sent copy of their plan to Regional office. Almost all the States have used ICAO GNSS Manual (Doc 9849) for guidance.

About 70%of the States plan to promulgate PBN approaches based on GNSS and/or

Conventional navigation aids.

About 30% of the responding States plan to implement SBAS and about 70% plan to implement

GBAS.

Many of the responding States using ADS-C and are planning to implement ADS-B

About 80% of the States which responded informed that they need help/guidance from ICAO in the development and implementation of their GNSS plan

SURVEY OUTCOME (Contd.)SURVEY OUTCOME (Contd.)


APANPIRG /20 held in September 2009 observed that characterization of ionosphere in the region useful for the implementation of GNSS applications

A coordinated study should be carried out.

ICAO invited to identify Focal Contact Points

11 Focal Contact points have been nominated by 11 States

APANPIRG/21 (September 2010) recognized that many States in the region lie in the Equatorial region and hence GNSS severely affected by ionospheric activity

Supported proposed regional level coordination/cooperation for collection of ionospheric data and its analysis, ultimate objective of developing a regional ionospheric threat model

WORKSHOP ON WORKSHOP ON IONOSPHERIC STUDIESIONOSPHERIC STUDIES


Japan invited to provide technical leadership for Workshop and ICAO invited to support development of a measurement campaign

Noted that this cooperation/coordination more important for collection of data during solar maximum period , which is expected in 2013/2014

Noted that sharing of archival data available with States will be useful

Workshop on Ionospheric Data Collection, Analysis and Sharing to Support GNSS Implementation held on 5 and 6 May 2011, in the ICAO APAC Office, Bangkok

Workshop facilitated by Dr. Susumu Saito, Senior Researcher, Japan Electronics Navigation Research Institute (ENRI) was attended by 20 experts from 9 administrations

WORKSHOP ON WORKSHOP ON IONOSPHERIC STUDIES (Contd.)IONOSPHERIC STUDIES (Contd.)


To enhance understanding of ionospheric issues in GNSS operations

To exchange information and experience gained on GNSS and ionosphere related activities by each Administration

To understand the need to carry out the ionospheric studies

To discuss a common procedure for collecting ionospheric data by Administrations

Ultimate outcome is a standard ionospheric model for GNSS operations applicable throughout the Region; and

The final goal to facilitate GNSS implementation in the Asia and Pacific Regions by mitigating ionospheric issues

WORKSHOP OBJECTIVEWORKSHOP OBJECTIVE


Appreciated large ionospheric variability associated with the Equatorial Anomaly.

Agreement to share data at levels 0, 1 or above.

Huge size of raw data may not be practical to share

Template will be developed for Ionospheric Data Collection

Explore with other Agencies (including UN) on the possibility of sharing GNSS data

Mechanism for analysis of GNSS data to be decided.

RINEX (Receiver Independent Exchange) format generally acceptable for raw data

WORKSHOP OUTCOMEWORKSHOP OUTCOME


IONOSPHERIC DELAY SCINTILLATIONLevel 3-- Vertical delay at grid points-- Delay gradient

Level 3-- Irregularity drift velocity

Level 2-- Slant delay (slant delay for each satellite, satellite position, biases)

Level 2-- Scintillation indices (amplitude and phase and correlation coefficients and lag times, if applicable)

Level 1-- Human readable (e.g. RINEX) raw data (pseudo range, carrier phase and lock-time for each satellite, ephemeris)

Level 1-- Receiver independent raw data (time-series and carrier phase for each satellite, ephemeris)

Level 0-- Receiver specific raw data

Level 0-- Receiver specific raw data

LEVEL OF DATA TO BE SHAREDLEVEL OF DATA TO BE SHARED


Workshop developed following recommendations for the consideration of CNS/MET Sub Group of APANPIRG

States urged to coordinate with their relevant national organization for sharing available GNSS data

Task Force needs to be established to identify need for Regional Ionospheric Threat Model for GBAS and SBAS and create them if required

ICAO Regional Office to coordinate with APEC GIT for initiative being carried out for ionospheric data collection

APEC Economies requested to support initiative by encouraging relevant agencies to share data collected with civil aviation community

WORKSHOP RECOMMENDATIONSWORKSHOP RECOMMENDATIONS


APEC States requested to support APANPIRG initiative of ionospheric data collection and development of a threat model

Economies requested to help in providing archival ionospheric data and facilitate sharing of data with other agencies in their Administration engaged in ionospheric data-collection and analysis

APEC GIT requested to facilitate sharing of ionospheric and other GNSS related data from Test-bed Project, marine and surface transportation sectors

Economies are requested to complete WGS-84 survey to facilitate speedy implementation of GNSS

APEC GIT requested to share information regarding GNSS implementation in other transportation sector and provide guidance for improving the implementation level in aviation sector

SUMMARYSUMMARY

the 15 th meeting of the apec gnss implementation team (git/15) gnss for civil aviation

Documents