The 1800s

Growing Pains

Clip art from http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/clipart/default.aspx

unless otherwise noted.

© North Carolina Community College System

In the 1800s, the United States grows from Atlantic to Pacific.

Pacific Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

If you have an internet connection,

you can watch the country grow at http://www.edstephan.org/Animation/animation.html

Click on Formation of the Contiguous United States.

The 1800s are hard years.

In 1803, America buys the Louisiana Purchase from France.

LouisianaTerritory

In 1812, the United States declares war on Britain again

because• the British seized American ships

that traded with France, and

• the British supplied Native Americans with guns to use against American settlers moving west.

During this war Francis Scott Key writes the words that become our

National Anthem.

The British burn the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C., but

the Americans still win the War of 1812.

In 1846, the Mexican-American War begins. It is a war over land.

• Texas gains independence from Mexico.

• Texas asks to join with the United States.

• The U.S. Congress approves.

• Texas claims land down to the Rio Grande, but Mexico claims land up to the Nueces River.

The Mexican-American War ends with the Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo. It

sets the Texas boundary at the Rio Grande.

It also gives the United States the land that becomes California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and

New Mexico.

The next war tears apart the United States of America!

The people of the United States fight each other in the American

Civil War.

The American Civil War lasts from 1861-1865.

Confederate Flag from http://www.ankn.uaf.edu/curriculum/Articles/MikeGaffney/CPP/Chap1.html

34 star flag from Rick WyattPosted 5, April, 1998 on FOTW Flags of the World website at http://flagspot.net/flags/

http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/Flags/us-1861.html

The northern states fight the southern states.

Problems leading to the Civil War are

• SlaveryAmerica has to decide if new states admitted to the union will be slave or free.

Northerners are against slavery and slave owners. Southerners are for slavery.

The people in the North and the South are far apart in their thinking.

• Economic reasons

The Southern economy is based on cotton and tobacco. Growing these crops depends on a lot of cheap labor (slaves).

The economy in the North is based on industry and city life. People in the Northdo not need slaves.

• States’ Rights

The Tenth Amendment gives the states all powers that the Constitution does not give to the United States or forbid to the states.

Many people think that means the states have the right to say if they will accept federal acts.

The federal government, however, says the states do not have thisright, so the Southern States decide to secede from the Union.

Abraham Lincoln is President of the United States from 1861-1865.

• He leads the nation during the Civil War.

• He frees the slaves.

In 1863 Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation. It says that slaves living in Confederate states are free forever!

• He saves the Union.

Lincoln writes to the New York Tribune :

. . . . My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union . . .

The United States fights one more war in the 1800s--The Spanish American War.

• The American people support the Cuban people in their fight to be free from Spain.

• When an American ship is sunk in Havana harbor in 1898, Congress declares war against Spain.

• America wins. Cuba is free, and Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines become American territories.

Colonel Theodore Roosevelt leads American troops in the Spanish-American War.

Roosevelt later becomes the 26th President of the United States.

The teddy bear is named for Teddy Roosevelt.

Another fight during the 1800s is not a war: It is a fight for women’s rights!

• Susan B. Anthonycampaigns for the right of women to vote.

• She also speaks

against slavery and for equal treatment of women in the workplace.

The nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution gives women

the right to vote.

Susan B. Anthony dies 14 years before this amendment is adopted.

America ends the 1800s at peace--but not for long!

World events will soon draw America into a global war.

Before going to war again, let’s look at the geography of the U.S.A.—

from sea to shining sea!