the 20 local wisdom as a sustainable building solution

Local Wisdom as a Sustainable Building Solution:

Bamboo Incremental House Design Concept

Yudhistira Kusuma

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

[email protected]

Urban Retrofitting: Building, Cities and Communities

in The Disruptive Era

The 20th

International Conference on

Sustainable

Environment

& Architecture

Supported By:Organized By:Presenter Affiliation:

INTRODUCTION & LITERATURE REVIEW

Backgrounds

• Almost all residential buildings are built using brick

construction.

• It does have better strength and durability, also capable of

boosting social status.

• On the other hand, brick houses (non-engineered, informal

built) are one of the most potential earthquake damage

targets (for example, more than 32,000 brick houses were

destroyed in the 2018 earthquake in Lombok).

• Therefore, architects need to explore residential design with

the strategy of cheap post-disaster housing and local wisdom

to give birth to modern housing prototypes that are adaptive,

disaster-resistant, and sustainable.

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Supported By:Organized By:


Bamboo as a Sustainable and Disaster Resistant Material

• Wood is renewable, biodegradable, and has low embodied

energy. However, wood is no longer seen as the main choice.

Alternative materials? Bamboo

• They can grow rapidly, adapt easily to various climates, have

positive environmental effects, and are highly versatile for

various conditions.

• Similar function and flexibility to wood (renewable,

biodegradable, and has low embodied energy).

• Bamboo also has advantages in terms of flexibility and

energy absorption. Therefore, bamboo is an ideal material for

use in earthquake-resistant structures.

• Earthquake-resistant bamboo structure: traditional

Indonesian houses. 3



Characteristics of Informal Settlements in Indonesia and

the Concept of Incremental Houses

• Informal settlements = physical, visual, and social disorders

lead to dysfunction of urban patterns.

• Factor: Unequal economic capacity.

• Implication (residential context): Small house, informal built,

random space addition a little at a time (Incremental),

“chaotic” environments.

• Formation process and the principle of budget optimization =

informal settlements = incremental house.

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METHODS

Figure 1. Design Thinking Process

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Bamboo

Incremental House

Design Concept

1) Disaster

Resilience:

Lombok

Earthquake

2) Functionality:

Informal

Settlement

Lesson

learned

3a) The principle

of Sustainability

3b) The principle

of Local Wisdom

Process

• Literature review: Lombok earthquake series (Tim Pusat Studi Gempa Nasional) + Local wisdom.

• Observation: location that has similar characteristics (informal settlements; disaster-prone status)

Dayeuhkolot, Bandung.

• Design approach: Performance-Based Design (PBD)

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

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1) Disaster Resilience, Lesson Learned: Lombok Earthquake

• Ideal structural and

construction systems.

• Good force distribution.

• Light materials (bamboo).


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2) Functionality, Lesson Learned: Informal Settlement

Random and sporadic development, blurry roads and access, lack of ‘discipline’

• Adaptation and utilization of functions by the community.

• Comfortable living space (minimizing random and sporadic build).

• Durability: keep away natural materials from the ground

(supproting the earthquake-resistant structure with pedestal

foundation.


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3) Sustainability and Local Wisdom

Insight from Aravena’s Design (INCREMENTAL Housing Projects)

© Farhan Qalbain Iman


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3) Sustainability and Local Wisdom

• In the context of this research, the principle of sustainability includes the use of

certain local materials available in various regions. In the case of Lombok,

bamboo can still be used because the resources are quite abundant (see the

traditional Sasak housing which uses a combination of wood and bamboo).

• The structural principle in the prototype of the incremental house is not a

standardized design and can be adapted to the availability of resources and

construction techniques in the local area.


3) Sustainability and Local Wisdom: Material Options and Specification

Construction Elements Materials Quantity Cost Category Local Availability

Foundations

Stone0,54 m3

(core structure)Cheap Common

Concrete0,54 m3

(core structure)Expensive (cheap on mass production)

Common

Columns, Beams, and Supporting

Bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper)

160 poles(core structures,

approx. 4 m each)Cheap Common

Flooring Timber25 m2

(core structures)Expensive Common

Wall PanelsTraditional woven panels 5,5 m2 per module Cheap Common

Bamboo plastered panels 5,5 m2 per module Expensive Uncommon

Roofing

Thatches64 m2

(core structures)Cheap Common

Palm fibers64 m2

(core structures)Cheap Common

Shingels64 m2

(core structures)Expensive Uncommon

Joineries

Thread rod58 pcs

(core structures)Expensive Uncommon

Nuts and washers300 pcs

(core structures)Expensive Common

Special joint unit 24 pcsExpensive (cheap on mass production)

Uncommon


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Supported By:Organized By:Bamboo Incremental House Design Concept Visualisation

A scenario of Flexibility of Housing Placement, Orientation, and Massing. Key Plan (left) and Massing (right)

CONCLUSIONS

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• Bamboo incremental house is expected to be the right medium to help people

recover after natural disasters.

• This design is created to be developed independently by the community while

maintaining the order and quality of the surrounding environment.

• This design concept is formed from four aspects: Disaster resilience;

functionality; the principle of sustainability, and the concept of local wisdom of

the local community.

• Further research is needed on structural simulations and engineering

mechanisms proposed in this study.

REFERENCES

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S. Abimanyu, Babad Tanah Jawi. Laksana (DIVA Press), 2013.F. Supriani, “Studi Mitigasi Gempa Di Bengkulu Dengan Membangun Rumah Tahan Gempa,” J. Tek. Sipil Inersia, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 7–16, 2009.M. Desfandi, “Urgensi Kurikulum Pendidikan Kebencanaan Berbasis Kearifan Lokal di Indonesia [The urgency of disaster education curriculum based on local wisdom in Indonesia},” Sosio Didakt. Sos. Sci. Educ. J., vol. 1,

no. 2, pp. 191–198, 2014.Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika, “Informasi Gempabumi,” 2020. http://balai3.denpasar.bmkg.go.id/tentang-gempa#:~:text=Indonesia merupakan daerah rawan gempabumi,lempeng Eurasia%2C dan

lempeng Pasifik.Kompas.com, “BNPB : 32 . 129 Rumah Rusak akibat Gempa Lombok Sudah Diverifikasi,” 2018. https://regional.kompas.com/read/2018/08/29/12074971/bnpb-32129-rumah-rusak-akibat-gempa-lombok-sudah-

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Agustus, p. 15.M. Mahdavi, P. L. Clouston, A. M. Asce, S. R. Arwade, and A. M. Asce, “Development of Laminated Bamboo Lumber : Review of Processing , Performance , and Economical Considerations,” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. © ASCE,

vol. 23, no. JULY, pp. 1036–1042, 2011, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.S. Triyadi and A. Harapan, “Kearifan lokal rumah vernakular di Jawa Barat bagian selatan dalam merespon gempa,” J. Sains dan Teknol. EMAS, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 123–134, 2008.Departemen Pekerjaan Umum, Pedoman pembangunan bangunan tahan gempa. Departemen Pekerjaan Umum, 1993.P. Jones, “The shaping of form and structure in informal settlements: A case study of order and rules in lebak siliwangi, Bandung, Indonesia,” J. Reg. City Plan., vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 43–61, 2019, doi:

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https://simantu.pu.go.id/personal/img-post/superman/post/20181130140010__F__KMS_JURNAL_20180724080701.pdf.UN Habitat and ESCAP, The State of Asian and Pacific Cities 2015. London, 2015.N. M. Swanendri and N. K. A. Dewi, “RANCANGAN RUMAH TUMBUH TIPE 36 DAN 45 DI KOTA DENPASAR,” Kab. Badung, 2010.A. Z. Zainal, Rumah tumbuh : membangun rumah tahap demi tahap rencana dan bahan-bahan yang dipakai. Jakarta: Gramedia, 1981.J. T. Franco, “Alejandro Aravena Wins 2016 Pritzker Prize,” Pritzker, pp. 1–9, 2016, [Online]. Available: https://www.archdaily.com/780203/alejandro-aravena-wins-2016-pritzker-prize.The Pritzker Architecture Prize, “Biography: Alejandro Aravena | The Pritzker Architecture Prize,” 2016. https://www.pritzkerprize.com/biography-ale-jan-dro-ara-ve-na.Kompas.com, “Melihat Kembali Gempa Lombok 2018 dan Sejarah Kegempaannya,” 2018.

Thank You

The 20th International Conference on

Sustainable Environment & Architecture

Supported By:Organized By:Presenter Affiliation:

the 20 local wisdom as a sustainable building solution

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