the 20 local wisdom as a sustainable building solution
TRANSCRIPT
Local Wisdom as a Sustainable Building Solution:
Bamboo Incremental House Design Concept
Yudhistira Kusuma
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Urban Retrofitting: Building, Cities and Communities
in The Disruptive Era
The 20th
International Conference on
Sustainable
Environment
& Architecture
Supported By:Organized By:Presenter Affiliation:
INTRODUCTION & LITERATURE REVIEW
Backgrounds
• Almost all residential buildings are built using brick
construction.
• It does have better strength and durability, also capable of
boosting social status.
• On the other hand, brick houses (non-engineered, informal
built) are one of the most potential earthquake damage
targets (for example, more than 32,000 brick houses were
destroyed in the 2018 earthquake in Lombok).
• Therefore, architects need to explore residential design with
the strategy of cheap post-disaster housing and local wisdom
to give birth to modern housing prototypes that are adaptive,
disaster-resistant, and sustainable.
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INTRODUCTION & LITERATURE REVIEW
Bamboo as a Sustainable and Disaster Resistant Material
• Wood is renewable, biodegradable, and has low embodied
energy. However, wood is no longer seen as the main choice.
Alternative materials? Bamboo
• They can grow rapidly, adapt easily to various climates, have
positive environmental effects, and are highly versatile for
various conditions.
• Similar function and flexibility to wood (renewable,
biodegradable, and has low embodied energy).
• Bamboo also has advantages in terms of flexibility and
energy absorption. Therefore, bamboo is an ideal material for
use in earthquake-resistant structures.
• Earthquake-resistant bamboo structure: traditional
Indonesian houses. 3
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INTRODUCTION & LITERATURE REVIEW
Characteristics of Informal Settlements in Indonesia and
the Concept of Incremental Houses
• Informal settlements = physical, visual, and social disorders
lead to dysfunction of urban patterns.
• Factor: Unequal economic capacity.
• Implication (residential context): Small house, informal built,
random space addition a little at a time (Incremental),
“chaotic” environments.
• Formation process and the principle of budget optimization =
informal settlements = incremental house.
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METHODS
Figure 1. Design Thinking Process
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Bamboo
Incremental House
Design Concept
1) Disaster
Resilience:
Lombok
Earthquake
2) Functionality:
Informal
Settlement
Lesson
learned
3a) The principle
of Sustainability
3b) The principle
of Local Wisdom
Process
• Literature review: Lombok earthquake series (Tim Pusat Studi Gempa Nasional) + Local wisdom.
• Observation: location that has similar characteristics (informal settlements; disaster-prone status)
Dayeuhkolot, Bandung.
• Design approach: Performance-Based Design (PBD)
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
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1) Disaster Resilience, Lesson Learned: Lombok Earthquake
• Ideal structural and
construction systems.
• Good force distribution.
• Light materials (bamboo).
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
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2) Functionality, Lesson Learned: Informal Settlement
Random and sporadic development, blurry roads and access, lack of ‘discipline’
• Adaptation and utilization of functions by the community.
• Comfortable living space (minimizing random and sporadic build).
• Durability: keep away natural materials from the ground
(supproting the earthquake-resistant structure with pedestal
foundation.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
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3) Sustainability and Local Wisdom
Insight from Aravena’s Design (INCREMENTAL Housing Projects)
© Farhan Qalbain Iman
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
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3) Sustainability and Local Wisdom
• In the context of this research, the principle of sustainability includes the use of
certain local materials available in various regions. In the case of Lombok,
bamboo can still be used because the resources are quite abundant (see the
traditional Sasak housing which uses a combination of wood and bamboo).
• The structural principle in the prototype of the incremental house is not a
standardized design and can be adapted to the availability of resources and
construction techniques in the local area.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
3) Sustainability and Local Wisdom: Material Options and Specification
Construction Elements Materials Quantity Cost Category Local Availability
Foundations
Stone0,54 m3
(core structure)Cheap Common
Concrete0,54 m3
(core structure)Expensive (cheap on mass production)
Common
Columns, Beams, and Supporting
Bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper)
160 poles(core structures,
approx. 4 m each)Cheap Common
Flooring Timber25 m2
(core structures)Expensive Common
Wall PanelsTraditional woven panels 5,5 m2 per module Cheap Common
Bamboo plastered panels 5,5 m2 per module Expensive Uncommon
Roofing
Thatches64 m2
(core structures)Cheap Common
Palm fibers64 m2
(core structures)Cheap Common
Shingels64 m2
(core structures)Expensive Uncommon
Joineries
Thread rod58 pcs
(core structures)Expensive Uncommon
Nuts and washers300 pcs
(core structures)Expensive Common
Special joint unit 24 pcsExpensive (cheap on mass production)
Uncommon
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
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A scenario of Flexibility of Housing Placement, Orientation, and Massing. Key Plan (left) and Massing (right)
CONCLUSIONS
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• Bamboo incremental house is expected to be the right medium to help people
recover after natural disasters.
• This design is created to be developed independently by the community while
maintaining the order and quality of the surrounding environment.
• This design concept is formed from four aspects: Disaster resilience;
functionality; the principle of sustainability, and the concept of local wisdom of
the local community.
• Further research is needed on structural simulations and engineering
mechanisms proposed in this study.
REFERENCES
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Thank You
The 20th International Conference on
Sustainable Environment & Architecture
Supported By:Organized By:Presenter Affiliation: