TERNATE HISTORIC AREA UNDER THE PRESSURE OF

URBAN DEVELOPMENT

Agus Dharma Tohjiwa 1, Sumaiyah Fitriandini2

1,2 Department of Architecture, Gunadarma University, Depok, Indonesia

agus_dh@staff.gunadarma.ac.id

Urban Retrofitting: Building, Cities and Communities

in The Disruptive Era

The 20th

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Sustainable

Environment

& Architecture

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INTRODUCTION & LITERATURE REVIEW Place Your

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• In the eastern part of the archipelago, there are 4 sultanates, namely

Jailolo, Ternate, Tidore, and Bacan. They joined in a brotherly bond named

Moluku Kie Raha since the 14th century. The largest sultanate was the

Sultanate of Ternate on the island of Ternate.

• The international spice trade brought the Portuguese and the Spanish to

North Maluku in the 16th century. The presence of the two nations has

played a role in the conflict between fellow kingdoms in Moloku Kie Raha.

Portuguese sided with Ternate and established control over Ternate, while

Spain sided with Tidore.

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• The initial capital of the Kingdom of Ternate, was in Sampalo (mountainous area) then moved down to

the bottom of the fort that was abandoned by the Portuguese (Fort Kastela).

• The capital of the Sultanate of Ternate then moved to the coastal area of Soa Sio. The kingdom moved

from the mountains to the coast in Ternate called "Taranoate" which means I came down to organize.

• Formed a maritime kingdom and began to occur inter-island and international interactions. Kedaton area

as the center of Ternate City plays a very important role in the history of the world's spice route.

• Starting from the area around Kedaton, urban settlements have developed rapidly in coastal areas until

the independence era.

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INTRODUCTION & LITERATURE REVIEW Place Your

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• Over time, population growth and the need for urban

development have led to urban spatial development

leading to coastal areas. This will encourage coastal

areas to become one of the strategic alternatives in

developing residential areas in Ternate.

• Development in this coastal area does not pay attention

to conservation aspects of the city so that it can damage

heritage areas or threaten historical sites there.

• The objectives of this study are (1) Identifying the types

and the spread of historical objects in Ternate City, (2)

Comparing the spread positions and groupings of

historical heritage with the spatial plan of Ternate City,

and (3) Identifying the conditions and strategic problems

that arise due to the pressure of urban development.

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• This research uses qualitative methods with descriptive and spatial

analysis approach.

• Primary data was collected through (1) field surveys and visual

observations, 2) map overlays using a Geographic Information System

(GIS), 3) interviews with representatives of the Sultanate of Ternate and

the Regional Government of Ternate City.

• Identification of heritage objects in this study refers to the Ternate City

Cultural Heritage Conservation Agency, Ternate City Heritage Action Plan

(RAKP) 2014. Spatial plan data was taken from Ternate City Spatial Plan

Document (RTRW) 2012-2032.

• Spatial analysis is used to assess the positions of heritage and spatial

layout in Ternate City. This analysis uses the overlay method (map super-

impose).

• Information obtained from observations and interviews with related

parties. This information is processed to get a deeper and more

comprehensive understanding of the existing cases.

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FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONPlace Your

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• Ternate Island has more than 27 cultural heritages dating from the 14-19 centuries.

• The types of historical objects that exist are ethnic villages, tombs, forts, docks, and mosques.

• Many historical heritages are now famous tourism objects, for example the forts of Kalamata, Tolukko, and Oranje.

• In terms of objects spreading, it can be divided into 3 clusters where cluster 2 is a gathering place for almost all cultural heritage on Ternate island.

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• From the map overlay results of the historical objects spread with the urban spatial structure plan, it is known that the locations of most historical objects are in the city center of Ternate.

• From the map overlay results of the historical objects spread with land use plans (spatial patterns), it is known that the most historical objects are located in commercial areas and dense residential areas.

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONPlace Your

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• As a city center, this area is certainly the center

of community economic activity so that it grows

into a dense residential area.

• This area is the fastest urban development

area in Ternate. This condition will certainly

threaten the existence of space and cultural

heritage objects that exist there.

• The sacred palace complex (kedaton) of the

Sultan of Ternate is located in this area. In the

cosmological view of the Ternate community,

• Kedaton is also considered the center of

supernatural powers and an imitation (replica)

of the universe.

• The 5 sacred elements of Kedaton are no

longer connected properly because the area is

very dense.

1. Kedaton2. Air Santosa3. Balulu Madehe4. Ngara lamo5. Sigi Lamo

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The growth of wild buildings around the sultan's bridge. The area from Kedaton to the Sultan's pier should be free of buildings.

Most of the land in the Kedaton Sultan Ternate area is already owned by the public (not relatives of the sultan).

There is a beach reclamation which is planned to be used for supermarkets which greatly disturbs the visual aspects of the Kedaton area.

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The Oranje fort is in a trading area which reduces the monumental aspect of the building.

Klentheng Thian Hou King, Kalero, Kampung Arab, and Kampung Cina, are also located in the dense and disorganized trade area.

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• The unification of the city center with large

clusters of cultural heritage causes the

destruction of these heritage areas.

• When viewed from the urban spatial planning,

it seems that there is no serious effort in

protecting and maintaining their historic assets.

• There should be efforts to separate or maintain

a distance between the old (traditional) city and

the new city, for example by moving the city

center to another part of the region.

• According to the Law No. 11/2010 on Cultural

Conservation, there should be a buffer zone for

the core conservation area. This should also

apply to city zoning arrangements.

Buffer zone

city center displacement

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• Not all areas in the world are endowed with assets of natural beauty

and abundant cultural heritage assets such as on the island of

Ternate.

• The existence of urban growth and development leading to the

southern coast of Ternate City has pushed and created problems for

this historic area.

• The long neglect of this phenomenon shows a lack of understanding

of the principles and rules of cultural heritage conservation in the

sultanate, local government, and the community.

• The loss of authenticity of the historic area space, swallowed by the

strength of urban development, is a serious threat to the people of

Ternate.

• It is necessary to have strict regulations and spatial planning efforts

to protect and preserve their cultural heritage.

REFERENCESPlace Your

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1. Candrasasmita, Uka.(2001).Struktur Masyarakat Kota Pelabuhan Ternate Abad ke-14.Jakarta: Lintas.

2. Bramastha, Dhi, Rindarjano, M.Gamal, Sarwono. (2015). Proses Keruangan Pelestarian Saujana Budaya Kota (Urban Heritage) Di Kecamatan Laweyan Kota

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Bangun Karya

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11. Musa, Ibnu Rusdi A.R. (2018).Karakteristik Spasial Kawasan Kultural Kesultanan.Vol.5 No.2,p.249. Downloaded from

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13. Asriany, Sherly, Ridwan, Barjiah, Umi.(2015).“Sejarah Masjid Sultan Moloku Kie Raha”.Makassar: Pustaka Refleksi

14. Handoko, Wuri. (2015). Tata Kota Islam Ternate: Tinjauan Morfologi dan Kosmologi,p.127. .[Online version via ResearchGate]. [accessed 27 Sep 2020].

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20. Dalidjo, Nurdiyansyah.(2020). Rumah di Tanah Rempah, Jakarta: Gramedia.

Thank You

The 20th International Conference on

Sustainable Environment & Architecture

Supported By:Organized By:Presenter Affiliation:

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Affiliation

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