the 40 points and elaboration submitted by comrade mubinul haider chowdhury to establish...

7/18/2019 The 40 points and elaboration submitted by Comrade Mubinul Haider Chowdhury to establish 'Shibdas ghose' as …

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†ÿ‡ÎI GK AZ¨vay wbK †`‡k cwiYZ K‡i‡Qb Zv Zu vi Abb¨ mvaviY ÿgZviB cwiPvqK| wØZxq gnvhy × cwiPvjbvq ÷¨vwj‡bi AmvaviY f~ wgKv Zu vi hy ×we`¨vi cvi`wk© ZviB ïay bq, Zu vi AmvaviY mvsMVwbK `ÿZviI cwiPvqK| GK_v Zu vi kÎæ‡ìI †g‡b wb‡Z n‡q‡Q †h Zu vi †bZ… ‡Z¡ jvj‡dŠ‡Ri Af~ Zc~ e© weR‡qi d‡jB ivwkqvi mgvRZš¿ B bq, we‡k¦ i ¯ vaxbZv I MYZš¿ d¨vwmev`x Rvg© vwb-BZvwj I Rvcv‡bi cÖ vq Aciv‡Rq †hŠ_kw³i nvZ †_‡K iÿv †c‡q‡Q| wek¦ hy ‡× †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi weR‡qi d‡jB mg¯Í Dcwb‡ek I Avav-Jcwb‡ewkK †`k¸wji RvZxq ¯^ vaxbZv AR© b Kivi Aby K~ j cwiw¯’ wZwi m„ wó n‡q‡Q| wØZxq wek¦ hy ‡×i c~ ‡e© †Kv‡bv Dcwb‡ek ev Avav-Jcwb‡ewkK †`k ¯ vaxbZv AR© ‡b Ki‡Z mÿg nqwb| †jwbb cieZ© x mg‡q ÷¨vwjb we‡k¦ i mvgëv`x Av‡›`vjb‡K AwZ K… wZ‡Z¡ i mv‡_ cwiPvjbv K‡i wek¦ cwiw¯’ wZ‡K wek¦ kvwšÍ I me© nviv wecø ‡ei Aby K~ j K‡i †Zv‡jb| ÷¨vwj‡bi RxeÏkv‡ZB gvI †m ZzO gvK© mev`-†jwbbev‡ì A_wiwU wn‡m‡e Avwef© ~ Z nb| †jwbb ewY© Z mvgª vRëv` I me© nviv wecø ‡ei hy ‡M Px‡bi g‡Zv AZ¨šÍ wcwQ‡q cov GKwU Avav mvgšÍ x I Avav-Jcwb‡ewkK †`‡k kª wgK‡kªYxi †bZ… ‡Z¡ MYZvwš¿ K wecø e cwiPvjbvi †jwbbxq c_wb‡ © k‡K mdjZvi mv‡_ cÖ ‡qvM K‡ib wZwb| Gfv‡e Px‡bi gvwU‡Z gvK© mev`-†jwbbev‡ì we‡kwlK… Z cÖ ‡qvM Kivi c‡_ wZwb gv·© xq ZË¡ ‡K weKwkZ I mg„ × K‡ib| gvI †m ZzO Zu vi cÖ wm× iPbv ÔAb KbUª vwWKkbÕ-G Ø›ØZË¡ ‡K we¯Í … Ziƒ‡c e¨vL¨v K‡i Ø›ØZË¡ m¤ú‡K© AwZ Mfxi Ges m~ ² aviYv m„ wó K‡ib| GKBfv‡e, cÖ vKwUm ev PP© v †_‡KB †h ZË¡MZ Ávb Av‡m, gvK©mev‡ì GB e³e¨‡K AwZ mnRfv‡e e¨vL¨v K‡i †`Lvb Zu vi ÔAb cÖ vKwUmÕ iPbvq| ïay `‡ji †bZv I Kg© x‡ìB bq, mg¯Í RbZv‡K RwoZ K‡i Ôme© nviv mvs¯‹… wZK wecø eÕ cwiPvjbvi ga¨ w`‡q Px‡bi Af¨šÍ ‡i ms‡kvabev`x wec‡ì weiæ‡× Ges AvšÍ R© vwZK †ÿ‡Î ms‡kvabev‡ì weiæ‡× ewjô Av`k© MZ msMÖ vg cwiPvjbvi Øviv wZwb we‡k¦ i KwgDwb÷‡ì Kv‡Q †hgb GK gnr wkÿv †i‡L †M‡Qb, †ZgbB wek¦ mvgëv`x Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZnv‡m GK b~ Zb Aa¨vq ms‡hvwRZ K‡i‡Qb| wbR wbR †`‡k mdj wecø e msMwVZ K‡i‡Qb ey j‡Mwiqvq Kg‡iW RwR© wWwgUª f, Avj‡ewbqvi Gbfvi †nvRv, wf‡qZbv‡g Kg‡iW †nv-wP-wgb, DËi †Kvwiqvq Kg‡iW wKg-Bj-myO, wKDevq Kg‡iW wd‡`j Kv‡¯¿ v Ges Gu iv we‡k¦ i mg¯Í †`‡ki KwgDwb÷ cvwU© i

ØvivB wecø ex †bZv wnmv‡e ¯^ xK… Z| wKš‘ Zv m‡Ë¡I gvK©mev`-†jwbbev‡ì A_wiwU wn‡m‡e Zu viv we‡k¦ i KwgDwb÷‡ì mvg‡b cÖ wZfvZ nbwb| KviY Gu ‡ì wPšÍ v, Zvu ‡ì †`‡ki wecø e cwiPvjbvq AwZ Kvh© Kix f~ wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q m‡›`n †bB, wKš‘ wek¦ mvgëv`x Av‡›`vjb‡K cwiPvjbv Kivi AwZ Avewk¨Kfv‡e Aby miYxq wek¦ Rbxb wkÿvi mÜvb G‡Z cvIqv hvq bv| Gu iv mK‡jB wecø ex msMÖ v‡gi †cÖ iYvi Drm wnmv‡e we‡k¦ i msMÖvgx gvby ‡li Mfxi kª ×vi cvÎ n‡q Av‡Qb Ges _vK‡eb| Ab¨w`‡K Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nvl Zu vi wb‡Ri †`‡ki wecø e m¤ú~Y© K‡i hvevi c~ ‡e© B weMZ n‡q‡Qb Ges RxweZve¯’ vq AvšÍ R© vwZK ¯^ xK… wZI cvbwb| wKš‘ GZ`m‡Ë¡I, Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nvl Zu vi mgKv‡ji ïay gvÎ Zu vi †`‡kiB bq, wek¦ mvgëv`x Av‡›`vj‡bi mvg‡b hZ mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡q‡Q, Zvi mwVK gvK© mev`x-†jwbbev`x we‡kø lY K‡i c_ †`Lvb| ÷¨vwj‡bi g„ Zz ï ci µz ‡ð‡fi †bZ… ‡Z¡ †mvwf‡qZ cvwU© hLb AwZ PZz iZvi mv‡_ gvK© mev`-†jwbbev` Ges mgvRZvwš¿ K c_ †_‡K wePz ¨Z n‡Z ïiæ K‡i, ZLb wke`vm †NvlB cÖ_g Zv‡K h_vh_fv‡e we‡kø lY K‡i we‡k¦ i KwgDwb÷‡ì, we‡kl K‡i ivwkqvi KwgDwb÷‡ì mZK© K‡i †`b|cieZ©xKv‡j †mvwf‡qZ †`‡k Ges we‡k¦ i wewfbœ †`‡ki KwgDwb÷ cvwU© i g‡a¨ †kvabev` M‡o IVvi KviY Ges G‡K civ¯Í Kivi

iv¯Í v †`Lvb| gvK© mev`-†jwbbev`‡K Avay wbK ms‡kvabev‡ì nvZ †_‡K iÿv Kivi GB msMÖ vg Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nvl‡K GK AmvaviY gvK© mev`x †bZv wnmv‡e cÖ wZwôZ K‡i‡Q| AvR Avay wbK ms‡kvabev`‡K civ¯Í bv K‡i †Kv‡bv †`‡kB wecø e mdj Kiv †Zv `~ ‡ii K_v, M‡o †ZvjvB m¤¢ e bq Ñ Avi Gi Rb¨ Kg‡iW †Nv‡li wPšÍ v Acwinvh© ¨ n‡q c‡o‡Q| Kg‡iW †Nv‡li me© nvivi wecø ex `j MV‡bi cÖ wµqvi Dci †h Av‡jvPbv, hv Zu vi wbR¯^ `j GmBDwmAvB (KwgDwb÷) MV‡bi AwfÁZvq mg„ ×, Zv †jwbbxq `j MV‡bi cÖ wµqvi GK AwZ Dbœ Z I mg„ × aviYv Ñ hv we‡k¦ i mKj †`‡kB `j MV‡bi †ÿ‡Î mwVK aviYv w`‡Z mÿg| AvR hLb we‡k¦ i me© Î cy i‡bv KwgDwb÷ cvwU© ‡jv ms‡kvabev‡ì wkKvi n‡q †M‡Q, Ges †mvm¨vj †W‡gv‡µwUK cvwU© ‡Z cwiYZ n‡q †M‡Q, ZLb b~ Zbfv‡e cvwU© MV‡bi †ÿ‡Î Kg‡iW †Nv‡li mwVK KwgDwb÷ cvwU© MV‡bi c×wZ msµvšÍ Av‡jvPbv AviI ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡q D‡V‡Q| gvK© mev‡ì m„ wói ïiæ †_‡KB GKw`‡K we‡k¦ i cÖ wZwµqvkxj kw³¸wj Zvi Dci nvgjv Pvwj‡q bvbv cÖ Kvi weåvwšÍ m„ wói †Póv K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K mvgëv`x Av‡›`vj‡bi wfZi †_‡K GK`j gvK© mev`‡K weK… Z K‡i cwi‡ek‡bi †Póv K‡i| gvK© ‡mi g„ Zz ï ci G‡½jm, c‡i †jwbb, ÷¨vwjb Ñ mK‡jB GBme AccÖ ‡Póvi weiæ‡× Av`k© MZ msMÖ vg Pvwj‡q gvK© mev‡ì cÖ vYmË¡ v‡K iÿv K‡ib| Zu vi c~ e© m~ ix‡ì g‡Zv Kg‡iW †Nvl ÷¨vwjb-cieZ© xKv‡j gvK© mev`-†jwbbev`‡K weK… Z I webvk Kivi me© cÖ Kvi AccÖ ‡Póvi weiæ‡× Av`k© MZ msMÖ vg K‡i IBme wel‡qi Dci gvK© mev`x-†jwbbev`x mwVK aviYv wek¦ KwgDwb÷‡ì mvg‡b Zz ‡j a‡i gvK© mev‡ì cÖ vYmË¡ v‡K iÿv K‡ib| gvK© m-G‡½jm †h `k© ‡bi m„ wó K‡i‡Qb, Ø›Øg~ jK I HwZnvwmK e¯‘ ev`, Zv GKw`‡K `k©b Ges mv‡_ mv‡_B GK weÁvb Ñ Avm‡j weÁv‡bi weÁvb| G weÁvb‡KI weÁv‡bi Ab¨vb¨ kvLvi g‡ZvB µgvMZ weKwkZ I mg„ × Ki‡Z nq| gvK© m-G‡½jm-Gi ci †jwbb, ÷¨vwjb, gvI †m ZzO Ñ mK‡jB GB `k© b‡K weKwkZ I mg„ × K‡i‡Qb| GBme gnvb gvK© mev`x †bZv‡ì cieZ© xKv‡j weÁvb I `k© ‡bi mvg‡b †hme b~ Zb cÖ kœ, mgm¨v ev welq G‡m‡Q, †m¸‡jvi Ø›Øg~ jK e¯‘ ev`x we‡kø lY K‡i gvK© mev`x Dcjwä‡K weKwkZ I mg„ × K‡i‡Qb Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nvl| mgvRwecø e, wecø ex Rxeb, wkí-mvwnZ¨, wecø ex bxwZ-‰bwZKZv, KwgDwb÷‡ì



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AvPiYwewa cÖ f… wZ wecø ‡ei cÖ ‡qvR‡b mg¯Í wel‡qi Dci Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nv‡li wePvi I wkÿv me© nviv wecø ex‡ì Rb¨ Ag~ j¨ m¤ú`| d‡j, hLb ejv nq Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nvl n‡”Qb eZ© gvb hy ‡Mi wewkó gvK© mev`x wPšÍ vbvqK I `vk© wbK, ZLb Zvi Øviv Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nv‡li wPšÍ vi I wkÿv¸wji wek¦ Rbxb ev BDwbfvm© vj êwkó¨‡KB †evSv‡bv nq| hvi A_© , AvR Avgv‡ì †`kmn we‡k¦ i †h †KvbI †`‡kB mwVK c‡_ me© nviv wecø ex msMÖ vg M‡o Zz j‡Z n‡j h_v_© KwgDwb÷ cvwU© MVb cÖYvjx †_‡K ïiæ K‡i msMVb cwiPvjbv, Ávb-weÁvb, A_©bxwZ, mgvR-mvwnZ¨-`k© b-KwgDwb÷ ms¯‹… wZ I ms‡kvabev`x wePz ¨wZi cÖ K… Z KviY I Zvi weiæ‡× msMÖ v‡gi mwVK iv¯Í v cÖ f… wZ wel‡q AvR‡Ki KwgDwb÷‡ì g‡a¨ gvK© mev`-†jwbbev‡ì †h Avay wbK I hy ‡Mvc‡hvMx Dcjwä _vKv Avewk¨K, Zv AR© b Ki‡Z n‡j Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nv‡li wPšÍ v I wkÿv‡K Rvb‡Z I ey S‡Z n‡e| we‡k¦ i KwgDwb÷‡ì wPšÍ v I wkÿvi GB wek¦ Rbxb Kvh© KvwiZvi Rb¨B Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nvl wek¦ mvgëv`x Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZvq cwiYZ n‡q‡Qb| Avgv‡ì `‡ji Rxe‡bI Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nv‡li wPšÍ vavivi Aby kxjb I PP© vi cÖ kœ wU g~ jZ wZbwU Kvi‡Y AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© :

(GK) GK_v HwZnvmwKfv‡eB mZ¨ †h Rvm`-Af¨šÍ ‡i Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nv‡li wkÿv‡K †K› ª K‡iB gZevw`K weZK© ïiæ nq| Kg‡iW gy weby j nvq`vi †PŠay ixi gva¨‡g Rvm` †bZ… Z¡ Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nv‡li wkÿvi mv‡_ cwiwPZ nb Ges Zu vi wPšÍ v †_‡KB GKwU h_v_© wecø ex `j MV‡bi bxwZMZ I c×wZMZ msMÖ v‡gi w`Kwb‡ © kbv MÖ nY K‡ib| Rvm‡ì cwÎKv Ôjvj Bk‡ZnviÕ I Ômvgëv`Õ-G Kg‡iW †Nv‡li Av‡jvPbv Ô‡Kb fviZe‡l© i gvwU‡Z GmBDwmAvB GKgvÎ mvgëv`x `jÕ-Gi g~ j Ask Qvcv nq| IB wPšÍ v‡K ev¯Í ‡e cÖ ‡qvM I Aby kxj‡bi cÖ ‡kœ Rvm` †bZ… ‡Z¡ i †h NvUwZ, weåvwšÍ I wePz ¨wZ Ñ Zv‡K †K› ª K‡iB Rvm‡ì g‡a¨ gZevw`K msMÖ vg P‡j| ejv ìKvi †h, Rvm` †h mgvRZvwš¿ K wecø ‡ei jvBb MÖ nY K‡i Zv-I Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nv‡li wkÿvi Dci u vwo‡qB| Kg‡iW †Nvl †`wL‡q‡Qb, ÔZ… Zxq we‡k¦ i m`¨¯ vaxb beRvMÖ Z RvZxqZvev`x †`k¸‡jvi mevi wecø ‡ei ¯Íi n‡jv RbMYZvwš¿ K Ñ Px‡bi cvwU© i GB XvjvI MvBWjvBb mwVK bq|Õ IB g~ j¨vq‡bi wfwË‡ZB wZwb 1971 mv‡j gy w³hy ‡×i m~ Pbvj‡Mœ B 24GwcÖ j GK Av‡jvPbvq †`Lvb †h evsjv‡`‡ki Pjgvb msMÖ vg GKwU RvZxq gy w³ msMÖ vg| Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nv‡li IB wkÿv Ñ evsjv‡`k GKwU ¯^ vaxb †`k, GLv‡b ey ‡R© vqv‡kªYx ivóª ÿgZvq Avmxb n‡q‡Q Ges GLvbKvi wecø ‡ei ¯Í i mgvRZvwš¿ K ÑKg‡iW gy weby j nvq`vi †PŠay ix Rvm` cÖ wZôvi ïiæ †_‡KB Rvm` Af¨šÍ ‡i Zz ‡j a‡ib| 1974 mv‡j M„ wnZ Rvm‡ì cÖ_g w_wmm, mgvRZvwš¿ K wecø ‡ei jvBb, iYbxwZ-iY‡KŠkj, Zv Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nv‡li mv‡_ Rvm‡ì ZvwË¡ K †bZv wmivRy j Avjg Lv‡bi Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi wfwË‡Z iwPZ|(`y B) Rvm` †_‡K evm` MwVZ nIqvi ci 1981 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m cÖ KvwkZ Ôme© nviv‡kªYxi wecø ex `j MV‡bi mgm¨v cÖ m‡½Õcy w¯Í Kvq Avgiv `j MV‡bi bxwZMZ I c×wZMZ msMÖ vg †NvlYv Kwi| Gi mvi K_v nj †kvabev`-e¨w³ev`-ey ‡R© vqv gvbeZvev`‡K civ¯Í Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ †hŠ_Zv M‡o †Zvjvi msMÖ vg, Rxe‡bi mg¯Í †ÿÎ‡K e¨vß K‡i gvK© mev‡ì PP© vi gva¨‡g e¨w³ m¤úwË I e¨w³m¤úwËRvZ gvbwmK RwUjZv †_‡K gy ³ nIqvi ga¨ w`‡q Ô`jB Rxeb, wecø eB RxebÕ Ñ GB †PZbvi

wfwË‡Z Rxeb M‡o †Zvjv, my wbw © ó bxwZgvjvi wfwË‡Z †hŠ_Rxeb wbg© vY, †hŠ_ †bZ… Z¡ I †hŠ_ †bZ… ‡Z¡ i we‡klxK… Z iƒc,MYZvwš¿ K †K› ª xKZvi h_v_© Dcjwä Ñ G¸‡jv Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nv‡liB wkÿv|(wZb) Avgv‡ì `‡ji wPšÍ vi HK¨ Ges msMÖ v‡gi wfwË n‡”Q Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nv‡li wPšÍ vaviv| AvR‡K GB mZ¨‡K A¯^ xKvi Kivi ga¨ w`‡qB `‡ji g‡a¨ msKU ˆZwi n‡q‡Q|

Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nv‡li wPšÍ vi AwZ mswÿß n‡jI GK me© v½xY aviYvi Rb¨ †h¸wj AZ¨šÍ Riæwi, ZvI AwZ mswÿß AvKv‡i GLv‡b ivLv nj|

`j MV‡bi cÖ ‡kœ Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nv‡li wPšÍ v †jwbbxq `j MV‡bi c×wZiB weKwkZ I mg„ × aviYv 1| me© nviv †kªYxi wecø ex `j MV‡bi †jwbbxq aviYv‡K we¯Í … Z K‡i Kg‡iW †Nvl †`Lvb †h MYZvwš¿ K G‡K› ª xKi‡Yi bxwZB nj KwgDwb÷ cvwU© msMV‡bi Avmj cÖ vYmË¡ v| GB MYZvwš¿ K G‡K› ª xKiY M‡o †Zvjvi msMÖ vg †hgb mwVK KwgDwb÷ cvwU© M‡o †Zvjvi msMÖ vg, Avevi G‡K †Pv‡Li gwYi gZ iÿv Kivi msMÖ vgI †ZgbB cvwU© ‡K ms‡kvabev` I msKxY© Zvev‡ì nvZ †_‡K iÿv

Kivi msMÖ vg|†jwbb e‡j‡Qb, ïay cÖ wZwbwa‡ì GKwU mfvq cÖ ¯Í ve cvm K‡i ev GKUv wWwµ Rvwi K‡i KwgDwb÷ wecø ex `j Mov hvq bv| Gi Rb¨ AvBwWqvi †ÿ‡Î BDwbwU Avb‡Z Av`k© MZ msMÖ vg Acwinvh© | †jwbb AviI e‡jwQ‡jb, `‡ji AM© vwbK BDwbwU M‡o DV‡e MYZvwš¿ K †Kw› ª KZvi wfwË‡Z| MYZvwš¿K †Kw› ª KZv e¨vL¨v K‡i wZwb e‡jb, GUv n‡”Q me© nviv MYZš¿ I †Kw› ª KZvi wgkªY| Kg‡iW †Nvl †`Lvb †h, Av`k© MZ †Kw› ª KZvi Dci mvsMVwbK †Kw› ª KZv M‡o DV‡jB GKgvÎ MYZvwš¿ K †Kw› ª KZv `‡ji g‡a¨ KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| GB Av`k© MZ †Kw› ª KZv, †hUv MYZvwš¿ K †Kw› ª KZvi cÖ vYmËv Zv M‡o †Zvjvi msMÖ vgwU‡K my wbw © ó K‡i Kg‡iW †Nvl †`Lvb : ÒGB Av`k© MZ †Kw› ª KZv cvwU©i Af¨šÍ ‡i GKgvÎ gvK©mev`-†jwbbev`‡K wfwË K‡i, Ø›Øg~ jK e¯‘ ev`‡K wfwË K‡i †Kej A_© ‰bwZK, ivR‰bwZK we‡kø l‡Yi †ÿ‡ÎB bq, e¨w³MZ Rxe‡bi mg¯Í w`K‡K e¨vß K‡i ÔIqvb cÖ ‡mm Ad



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w_swKs, BDwbdwg© wU Ad w_swKs, Iqvb‡bm Bb G‡cÖ vP Ges wm½j‡bm Ad cvicvm (mg-wPšÍ v c×wZ, mg-wPšÍ v, mg-wePviaviv, mg-D‡Ïk¨gy wLbZv) M‡o †Zvjvi msMÖ v‡gi ga¨ w`‡q M‡o I‡V| G wRwbm M‡o Zz j‡Z cvi‡jB cvwU© i Af¨šÍ ‡i MYZvwš¿ K cÖ wµqvq †cÖ v‡jUvwiqvb MYZvwš¿ K bxwZ Pvjy n‡q‡Q ey S‡Z n‡e| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, †kªYxwef³ mgv‡R GB MYZ‡š¿i aviYv I `yÕai‡Yi| GKUv n‡”Q ey ‡R© vqv MYZš¿ hv e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbv, Drcv`‡bi Dci e¨w³MZ AwaKvi Ges ey ‡R© vqv RxebhvÎv, A_© vr e¨w³ev`‡K cÖ wZdwjZ Ki‡Q| Avi GKUv n‡”Q me© nviv MYZš¿ hv †hŠ_ gvwjKvbv, Drcv`b Ges e›U‡bi Dci †hŠ_ KZ© „Z¡ Ges me© nviv RxebhvÎv A_© vr †hŠ_ RxebhvÎv c×wZ‡K cÖ wZdwjZ Ki‡Q|Ó ÒGB Av`k© MZ †Kw› ª KZv hv `‡ji g‡a¨ Kvh© Kixfv‡e me© nviv MYZ‡š¿ i bxwZ‡K Pvjy K‡i| Zvi wfwË‡Z `‡ji mvsMVwbK †K› ª xKiY M‡o DV‡jB Z‡e `‡ji Af¨šÍ ‡i MYZvwš¿ K G‡K› ª xKi‡Yi KvVv‡gvwU M‡o DV‡Z cv‡i|Ó me©nviv MYZš¿ I me© nviv ms¯‹… wZ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq Zv †jwbb we¯Í… Zfv‡e †`wL‡q

hvbwb| Kg‡iW †Nvl †jwb‡bi wPšÍ v‡K we¯Í … Z I Dbœ Z K‡i †`wL‡q‡Qb, me© nviv ms¯‹… wZ AR© b Qvov `‡j me© nviv MYZš¿ h_v_© fv‡e KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|2| †jwb‡bi wkÿv †_‡K Kg‡iW †Nvl †`Lvb : Òey ‡R©vqv MYZ‡š¿ Avm‡j MYZ‡š¿ i bv‡g e¨w³‡bZ…Z¡ cÖ wZôv nIqvi d‡j GB MYZ‡š¿ i PwiÎ n‡q c‡o Ôdg© vjÕ (Avby ôvwbK)| Ab¨w`‡K mgvRZvwš¿ K wecø e †h‡nZz e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbvi cwie‡Z© mvgvwRK gvwjKvbv Ges kª wgK‡kªYxi †bZ… ‡Z¡ Drcv`‡bi Dci †hŠ_ KZ© „ Z¡ cÖ wZôvi wecø e, †mB‡nZz kªwgK‡kªYxi MYZ‡š¿ †bZ… ‡Z¡ i aviYv n‡”Q †hŠ_ †bZ… ‡Z¡i aviYv|Ó wKš‘ G †hŠ_ †bZ… Z¡ ej‡Z wK †evSvq? †jwbb e‡j‡Qb, `‡ji mKj m`‡mï †hŠ_ ÁvbB n‡”Q †hŠ_ †bZ… Z¡| †jwb‡bi GB wkÿv‡K weKwkZ I mg„ × K‡i Kg‡iW †Nvl †`Lvb : ÒcvwU© i †bZv, Kg© x, mvaviY mf¨ I mg_© K‡ì I kª wgK‡kªYx Ges Rbmvavi‡Yi msMÖ v‡gi ga¨ w`‡q †h mw¤§wjZ Ávb I AwfÁZv Rb¥ wb‡”Q, msMÖ v‡gi g‡a¨ m¤úK© hy ³ cÖ ‡Z¨‡Ki g‡a¨B †mB wPšÍ v I AwfÁZvi e¨w³KiY NU‡Q| wKš‘ †h‡nZz Avgiv Rvwb, GB e¯‘ RM‡Z †Kv‡bv `y ‡Uv welq (phenomenon)G‡Kev‡i ûeû GK n‡Z cv‡i bv, †mB GKB Kvi‡Y cvwU© i mg¯Í mf¨ I †bZv‡ì mw¤§wjZ msMÖ v‡gi Øviv AwR© Z AwfÁZv I

Áv‡bi Dcjwä mK‡ji g‡a¨ GK n‡Z cv‡i bv| hvi ga¨ w`‡q GB †hŠ_ Ávb I AwfÁZvi me© ‡kª ôiƒ‡c e¨w³KiY N‡U, wZwbB †hŠ_ †bZ… ‡Z¡ i we‡kwlK… Z iƒc wnmv‡e †`Lv †`b| ivwkqvb ej‡kwfK cvwU© i †bZ… ‡Z¡ †jwbb, Px‡bi KwgDwb÷ cvwU© i †bZ… ‡Z¡ gvI-†mZzO-Gi Afz ¨Ìvb †mB mg¯Í cvwU© wj‡Z †hŠ_ ‡bZ… ‡Z¡ i we‡kwlK… Z cÖ Kvk Qvov wKQz B bq|Ó Ges Ò`‡ji mw¤§wjZ Ávb I AwfÁZv †Kv‡bv GKRb †bZvi ga¨ w`‡q hLb GBfv‡e m‡e© vËgiƒ‡c e¨w³KiY nq, †bZ… Z¡ weKv‡ki GKgvÎ †mB ¯Í ‡iB `‡ji Af¨šÍ ‡i ÔMÖ æcBRgÕ Ges †bZ… ‡Z¡ i wµqvKjv‡ci g‡a¨ e¨w³‡bZ… ‡Z¡ i I ey ‡R© vqv e¨w³ev‡ì cÖ fve‡K m¤ú~Y© iƒ‡c LZg Kiv m¤¢ e Ges `‡ji Af¨šÍ ‡i GB Ae¯’ vi D™¢ e n‡jB GKgvÎ ejv P‡j †h, `jwU cÖ ‡jUvwiqvb MYZ‡š¿ i bxwZ‡K Pvjy Ki‡Z Ges †hŠ_ †bZ… ‡Z¡ i Rb¥ w`‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Q|Ó d‡j, ÒGB †hŠ_ †bZ… Z¡ M‡o †Zvjvi msMÖ vgwUB nj kª wgK‡kªYxi cvwU© msMV‡bi Avf¨šÍ ixY KvVv‡gvwU MYZvwš¿ K G‡K› ª xKi‡Yi wfwË‡Z M‡o †Zvjvi g~ j msMÖ vg|Ó 3| KwgDwb÷ cvwU© MV‡bi ev¯Í e cÖ wµqv‡K AwZ my wbw © ó K‡i Kg‡iW †Nvl †`Lvb †h `jwUi mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gvi P~ ovšÍ iƒc †èvi c~ ‡e© K‡Vvi I Kómwnòz msMÖ vg cwiPvjbv K‡i †h wZbwU cÖ v_wgK kZ © c~ iY Kiv ìKvi, Zv nj : ÒcÖ_gZ, hu viv `j MVb Ki‡Z AMÖYx n‡q‡Qb, Zu v‡ì wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ cÖ_‡g wPšÍ vRM‡Zi me© ‡ÿÎ‡K e¨vß K‡i, GgbwK e¨w³MZ Rxe‡bi Lu y wUbvwU cÖ wZwU w`K‡K RwoZ K‡i, GKUv mgvRZvwš¿ K Av‡›`vjb Ø›Øg~ jK e¯‘ ev`-Gi wfwË‡Z M‡o Zz ‡j Av`k© MZ †K› ª xKi‡Yi ey wbqv` ¯’ vcbv Ki‡Z n‡e|Ó ÒwØZxqZ, g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, †hŠ_ †bZ… ‡Z¡ i ev¯Í e I we‡kwlK… Z aviYv M‡o †Zvjvi msMÖ vg GK A‡_© cvwU© M‡o †Zvjvi cÖ v_wgK msMÖ vg| ZvB wPšÍ vRM‡Zi me©‡ÿÎ‡K e¨vß K‡i Av`k© MZ †K› ª xKiY, A_© vr mg-wPšÍ v c×wZ, mg-wPšÍ v, mg- wePviaviv I mg-D‡Ïk¨gyLxbZv M‡o Zz j‡Z bv cvi‡j †hŠ_ †bZ… ‡Z¡ i GB ev¯Í exK… Z I we‡kwlK… Z aviYvwU `‡ji g‡a¨ M‡o †ZvjvB m¤¢ e bq, Ges hZw`b ch© šÍ hu viv `j MVb Ki‡Z AMÖYx n‡q‡Qb †mB mg¯Í †bZv I Kg© x‡ì g‡a¨ †hŠ_ †bZ… ‡Z¡ i GB we‡kwlK… Z aviYvi Rb¥ bv nq, g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, ZZw`b ch© šÍ `‡ji P~ ovšÍ mvsMVwbK iƒc †èvi mgq Av‡mwb| KviY, Giƒc Ae¯’ vq `‡ji P~ ovšÍ mvsMVwbK iƒc w`‡Z †M‡j `jwU MYZvwš¿Kfv‡e †K› ªxf~ Z cvwU© i e`‡j hvwš¿ Kfv‡e †K› ª xf~ Z cvwU© ‡Z ch© ewmZ nq Ges †hŠ_ †bZ… Z¡ M‡o †Zvjvi e`‡j `jwU Avby ôvwbK Ges e y ¨‡iv‡µwUK †bZ… ‡Z¡ i Rb¥ w`‡q _v‡K|Ó Z… ZxqZ, `‡ji Avf¨šÍ ixY †ÿ‡Î †bZv I Kg© x‡ì GB wbijm msMÖ v‡gi ga¨ w`‡q hu viv `j MVb Ki‡Z AMÖYx n‡q‡Qb Zu v‡ì g‡a¨ GK`j ÒcÖ ‡dkbvj †ifz ¨wjDkbvixi Rb¥ w`‡Z nqÓ Ñ Òhu viv nj kª wgK‡kªYxi msMÖ vgx m‡PZb As‡ki †mB Ask hviv ïay gvÎ ivR‰bwZK

I A_© ‰bwZK †ÿ‡ÎB bq, Rxe‡bi me© w`K e¨vß K‡i GKUv mgvRZvwš¿ K Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjvi ga¨ w`‡q gvK© mev`-†jwbbev`‡K, A_© vr kª wgK‡kªYxi wecø ex Av`k© ‡K Ggbfv‡e Rxe‡b MÖ nY Ki‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Q hvi d‡j e¨w³MZ Rxe‡bi cÖ ‡qvRb, bvbvwea my weav-Amy weav cÖ f… wZi E‡aŸ© D‡V wbtmsk‡q, wbwØ© avq I Avb‡›ì mv‡_ wecø ex Rxe‡bi msMÖv‡gi wewfbœ RwUj cÖ wµqvq Zviv me mg‡qB wjß _vK‡Z mÿg Ges mg¯Í e¨vcv‡i, GgbwK e¨w³MZ e¨vcv‡iI, Avb‡›ì mv‡_ wecø ‡ei ¯^ v‡_© cvwU© i Kv‡Q wbwØ© avq ÔmvewgUÕ Ki‡Z mÿg| ÒGKgvÎ GB cÖ ‡dkbvj †iwfwjDkbvix‡ì ga¨ †_‡KB hw` cvwU© i †bZv I †bZ… ¯’ vbxq Kg© xiv Av‡m, Zvn‡jB GKwU cvwU© mwZ¨Kv‡ii KwgDwb÷ cvwU© i †hvM¨Zv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i|Ó4| Kg‡iW †Nvl AviI Mfxi wePvi K‡i †`Lvb, GKwU KwgDwb÷ cvwU© Dc‡iv³ `j MV‡bi Acwinvh© kZ© wj cvjb K‡i M‡o DV‡jI †bZv I Kg© x‡ì Av`k© MZ I mvs¯‹… wZK gvb‡K µgvMZ DbœZ Kiv i GB ey wbqvw` msMÖ vg‡K RxešÍ bv ivL‡j, †h ey ‡R© vqv



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cwi‡e‡k cvwU© KvR K‡i Zvi †_‡K e¨w³ev‡ì †Svu K †bZv I Kg© x‡ì Dci co‡eB| ZvQvov `‡ji Af¨šÍ ‡i MYZvwš¿ K G‡K› ª xKZvi bxwZ ZLbB Pvjy _vK‡Z cv‡i hLb ÒcvwU© Kg© x‡ì gvb Ggb GKUv b~ ¨bZg D”P¯Í ‡i †cu Š‡Q‡Q, †h ¯Í ‡i †cu ŠQz ‡j mg¯Í Kg© xB, AšÍ Z †ewkifvM Kg© x Zv‡ì wPšÍ v‡K ¯úó I †evaMg¨fv‡e cÖ Kvk Ki‡Z mÿg| ZË¡MZ wePv‡ii †ÿ‡Î Giƒc b~ ¨bZg ÿgZv AR© ‡bi cÖavb kZ© n‡”Q, ev¯Í e msMÖ v‡gi ga¨ w`‡q Kg© x‡ì Dbœ ZZi mvs¯‹… wZK gvb AR© b Kiv| GUv m¤¢ e n‡jB GKgvÎ †bZv‡ì mv‡_ cvwU© Kg©x‡ì ZË¡ wePv‡ii †ÿ‡Î Av`k© MZ msMÖ vg h_v_© B ev¯Í ‡e Ø›Ø-mgš^ ‡qi iƒc wb‡Z cv‡i|Ó5| †jwbb †`wL‡q‡Qb, GKwU wecø ex ZË¡ Qvov wecø e n‡Z cv‡i bv Ges GB Rb¨B GKwU wecø ex ZË¡ Qvov GKwU mwZ¨Kv‡ii wecø ex `jI M‡o DV‡Z cv‡i bv| †jwb‡bi GB e³e¨‡K we‡kø lY K‡i Kg‡iW †Nvl †`Lvb †h : Ò‡jwbb wecø ex ZË¡ ej‡Z ÔGKwU `‡ji ïay ivR‰bwZK †cª vMÖ vg Ges cwjwm †evSv‡Z Pvbwb; wZwb wecø ex ZË ¡ ej‡Z `‡ji †K› ª xq †bZ… Z¡ Øviv Rxe‡bi cÖ wZwU w`K m¤ú‡K© Ávb-weÁv‡bi aviYv¸wj‡K Øvw›ØK c×wZ‡Z †Kv-AwW© ‡bU K‡i GKwU cy ‡iv Áv‡bi cwigÐj‡KB (epistomological

category) ey wS‡q‡Qb| Avi G ai‡bi GKwU wecø ex ZË¡ gvK© mev`-†jwbbev‡ì Avav‡i Av`k© MZ †Kw› ª KZv‡K M‡o †Zvjvi j‡ÿ¨ Rxe‡bi mg¯Í w`K‡K †K› ª K‡i †h msMÖ vg Ñ Zvi AwfÁZv †_‡KB M‡o I‡V; Ges Av`k© MZ †Kw› ª KZv I Zvi Dci mvsMVwbK †Kw› ª KZv M‡o DV‡jB `jwU mwZ¨Kv‡ii, †jwb‡bi fvlvq, Ôg‡bvwjw_KÕ PwiÎ AR© b K‡i AwZ kw³kvjx cvwU© ‡Z cwiYZ n‡Z cv‡i|Ó hviv w_‡qvwi ej‡Z ïay cwjwUK¨vj A¨vÛ BKbwgK w_‡qvwi g‡b KiZ, Zv‡ì weåvwšÍ †`wL‡q wke`vm †Nvl ej‡jb, gvK© mev`‡K RxebmsMÖ vg wnmv‡e MÖ nY bv Ki‡j h_v_© KwgDwb÷ PwiÎ AR© b Kiv hv‡e bv|

6| wke`vm †Nv‡li fvlvq, †bZ… ‡Z¡ i g‡a¨ AvgjvZvwš¿ K Kg© c×wZi mgm¨v †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z Ò... cÖ ‡qvRb n‡”Q, constant

common association, constant common discussion and constant common activity g‡a¨ †bZviv cvwU© Kg‡iW‡ì mv‡_ wb‡R‡ì Rxeb‡K Ggb K‡i hy ³ Ki‡eb, hv‡Z Zvi ga¨ w`‡q Kg‡iWiv Zv‡ì cÖ wZwU Lu y wUbvwU mgm¨vi DËi cvq, Ges KwgDwb÷ iæwP-ms¯‹… wZ M‡o †Zvjvi msMÖ vgUv kw³kvjx nq|Ó [Px‡bi KwgDwb÷ cvwU© i beg I `kg Ks‡MÖ m, c„ 152]

7| KwgDwb÷‡ì AvPiYwewa i Ici c~ ‡e© Kvi gvK© mev`x wPšÍ vbvqKiv Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| Zvi wfwË‡ZB Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nvl G msµvšÍ aviYv‡K AviI mg„ × K‡i‡Qb| Dbœ Z KwgDwb÷ Pwi‡Îi wfwË wn‡m‡e wZwb †h e¨w³m¤úwË‡eva gy ³ gvbwmKZvi K_v e‡j‡Qb, Zvi Ici `vu wo‡qB KwgDwb÷ †KvW Ae KbWv± msµvšÍ Zvu i wPšÍ v I e¨vL¨v gvK© mev‡ì fvÐv‡i bZz b Ae`vb, hvi wfwË‡Z wZwb e‡j‡Qb, mgv‡jvPbv‡KI Lywk g‡b gvb‡Z n‡e, Mwi‡ôi gZvgZ‡K Avb‡›ì mv‡_ MÖ nY Ki‡Z n‡e| 8| BwZc~ ‡e© Dbœ Z KwgDwb÷ PwiÎ ej‡Z †evSv‡bv nZ, wecø ‡ei ¯ v_© gyL¨, e¨w³¯^ v_© †MŠY| Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nvl ‡`Lv‡jb, GUv ey ‡R© vqv gvbeZvev`x g~ j¨‡ev‡ai wfwË‡Z KwgDwb÷ Pwi‡Îi aviYv, GUv wecø e cieZ© x mgv‡R KvR Ki‡e bv| P~ ovšÍ cÖ wZwµqvkxj e¨w³ev‡ì GB mg‡q Ab¨vb¨ cy u wRev`x †`‡k wecø ‡ei cÖ ¯‘ wZc‡e© I KwgDwb÷ Pwi‡Îi GB gvb w`‡q n‡e bv| GB Ae¯’ vq wZwb †`Lv‡jb, wewfbœ cy u wRev`x †`‡k AvR‡Ki hy ‡M KwgDwb÷ Pwi‡Îi Dbœ Z gvb AR© ‡bi Rb¨ Ges wecø ‡ei ci mgvRZš¿ ‡K GwM‡q wb‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ ïay e¨w³MZ m¤úwË cwiZ¨vM KivB bq, Rxe‡bi me© ‡ÿ‡Î e¨w³MZ m¤úwËRvZ gvbwmK RwUjZv †_‡K gy ³ n‡q †kªYx, `j I wecø ‡ei mv‡_ GKvZ¥ n‡Z n‡e|

9| Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nvl KwgDwb÷ Av‡›`vj‡b Dbœ Z me© nviv ms¯‹… wZ, g~ j¨‡eva I ˆbwZK gvb AR© ‡bi cÖ ‡kœ evi evi ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡j‡Qb : Ò.. †h‡Kvb hy ‡M †h‡Kvb wecø ex ZË¡ I gZv`‡k© i Avmj gg© e¯‘ I cÖ vYmËv wbwnZ _v‡K Zvi ms¯‹… wZMZ I ˆbwZK aviYvi g‡a¨| †mBiƒc ey ‡R©vqv wecø e I cy u wRev`x wecø ‡ei hy ‡Mi m‡e© v”P ¯Í ‡ii gvbeZvev`x ms¯‹… wZ, g~ j¨‡eva I ˆbwZKZvi aviYvi †P‡qI Dbœ ZZi me© nviv ms¯‹… wZ, g~ j¨‡eva I ˆbwZK gvb AR© b Kivi g‡a¨B †h wbwnZ i‡q‡Q gvK© mev`x-†jwbbev`x fvev`‡k© i g~ j gg© e¯‘ I cÖ vYmË¡v, ...|Ó Ò... gvK© m, G‡½jm, †jwbb, ÷¨vwjb, gvI Ñ mg¯Í †bZviB e³e¨ Abyaveb Ki‡j Rvbv hvq †h, Dbœ ZZi mvs¯‹… wZK gvb A_© vr me© nviv ms¯‹… wZMZ gvb AR© b Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j mwVKfv‡e gvK© mev`x-†jwbbev`x ZË¡ wePv‡ii ÿgZvB AR© b Kiv hvq bv|Ó wZwb welqwU bvbv w`K †_‡K e¨vL¨v K‡ib e‡jb : Ò...GK`j †bZv Av‡Qb hvu iv, Kg© x‡ì †PZbvi gvb †h‡nZy Ly e Du Pz ¯Í‡i, Ly e m~ ÿè wePv‡ii ÿgZv AR© ‡bi ¯Í ‡i DV‡Z mgq jv‡M, †m‡nZz Zvu ‡ì †PZbvi wbgœ gv‡bi my ‡hv‡M †jwbb, ÷¨vwjb, gvI †m ZzO-Gi †`vnvB †c‡o Ges †gvUvgy wUfv‡e wecø ‡ei ZË¡ Ges Mig Mig ey wj AvD‡o Ges mg‡q mg‡q wKQz gvigyLx jovB cwiPvjbv K‡i

Kg© x I RbmvaviY‡K †evSv‡Z Pvb, cvwU© i iYbxwZUv Ges wecø ‡ei ¯Í i m¤ ‡Ü we‡kø lYUv wVK n‡jB bvwK cvwU© Uv wVK n‡q hv‡e| Zvici Rxe‡bi wewfbœ †ÿ‡Î wewfbœ welq m¤^ ‡Ü †bZv‡ì AvPiY hvB †nvK& bv †Kb; wkí, mvwnZ¨, iæwP, ˆbwZKZv, cvwievwiK m¤úK© , mvgvwRK m¤úK© m¤^ ‡Ü hvB Zvu ‡ì „ wófw½ _vKz K bv †Kb Ges cÖ vZ¨wnK AvPi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î hZ wbgœ Zg mvs¯‹… wZK I iæwPMZ gvbB Zvu iv cÖ wZdwjZ Kiæb bv ‡Kb, Zv‡Z wKQz Av‡m hvq bv! Zvu ‡ì e³e¨ we‡kø lY Ki‡j hv `vu ovq, Zv n‡”Q, wecø ‡ei ZË¡ m¤ú‡K© A_© vr ivRbxwZ m¤ú‡K© aviYvUv ïay gvÎ gvK© mev`m¤§Z n‡jB Pj‡e Avi e¨w³MZ Rxe‡b ms¯‹… wZMZ „ wófw½ I AvPi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î hw` †bZv I Kg© xiv ey ‡R©vqv ms¯‹… wZi `vmB †_‡K hvb, Zv wb‡q gv_v Nvgvevi ìKvi †bB| ... GK`j †bZv GB wecø ex ZË¡ Uv wVK n‡jB, wecø‡ei ¯Í i wba©viY wVK n‡jB cvwU© Uv wVK n‡q †Mj Ges Zvi ØvivB wecø e n‡q hv‡e Ñ GB K_v e‡j Kg© x I †bZv‡ì me© e¨vcK mvs¯‹… wZK wecø e, hv me wecø ‡ei Av‡M †mB we‡kl wecø ‡ei cwic~ iK A‡_© cÖ_‡g Kiv cÖ ‡qvRb, †mB



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¸iæ`vwqZ¡ ‡K Gwo‡q hvb Ges wb‡RivI †mB Aby hvqx gvK© mev`x „ wófw½‡Z wb‡R‡ì e¨w³MZ Rxe‡bi Af¨vm, AvPiY I ms¯‹… wZMZ w`KUv cwieZ© b Kivi †Póv K‡ib bv| A_P †jwbb Avgv‡ì wkwL‡q‡Qb, cultural revolution precedes

technical revolution, A_© vr ms¯‹… wZMZ wecø e ïiæ nevi ciB ivóª `L‡ji wecø e msNwUZ n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB †h †Kvb mwZ¨Kv‡ii gvK© mev`x-†jwbbev`xB Rv‡bb †h, ivR‰bwZK, A_© ‰bwZK, mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹… wZK Kg© m~ wPi ÔBw›U‡MÖ kbÕ (ms‡hvRb) Qvov †Kvb †`‡ki wecø e mdj Kiv m¤¢ e bq|Ó (GmBDwm †Kb GKgvÎ mvgëv`x `j)

AvšÍ R© vwZK mvgëv`x Av‡›`vjb I Avay wbK ms‡kvabev` cÖ m‡½

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g‡b Ki‡j gvivZ¥K fz j n‡e| wZwb †`Lvb, c~ ‡e© i †_‡K `y e© j n‡jI mvgª vRëv`x‡ì mvgwiK kw³ A‡bK ¸Y e„ w× †c‡q‡Q| d‡j kvwšÍc~Y© wecø ‡ei †Kv‡bv m¤¢ vebvB eZ© gv‡b †bB| hw` hy w³i LvwZ‡i a‡iI †bIqv nq †h, †Kv‡bv †`‡ki wecø e kvwšÍc~Y© n‡e, Zvn‡jI ey ‡R© vqv kvm‡bi Ab¨Zg A½ cvj© v‡g›U‡K †kvwlZ‡kªYxi ÔB”Qvi h‡š¿Õ cwiYZ K‡i mgvRZš¿ ¯’ vcb Kiv HwZnvwmKfv‡eB m¤¢ e bq| wZwb †`Lvb, µz ‡ð‡fi GB ai‡bi †kvabev`x ZË¡ kª wgK‡kªYx‡K Av`k© MZ †ÿ‡Î wbi¯¿ K‡i cÖ wZwecø ‡ei Rwg ˆZwi Ki‡e|14| 50-Gi `k‡K Gwkqv-Avwd« Kvq bqv ^vaxbZvcÖ vß beRvMÖ Z RvZxqZvev`x †`k¸wji Afz ¨Ìvb ‡K wZwb 2q wek¦ hy × cieZ© x AvšÍ R© vwZK †ÿ‡Î GKwU AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© NUbv e‡j wPwýZ K‡ib Ges †jwbb ewY© Z eZ© gvb hy ‡Mi g~ j 4wU Ø‡›Øi mv‡_ GBme bqv¯^ vaxbZvcÖ vß ey ‡R© vqv RvZxqZvev`x †`k¸wji GKw`‡K mvgª vRëv‡ì mv‡_ Ø›Ø Ges Aciw`‡K mgvRZvwš¿ K wkwe‡ii m‡½ Ø‡›Øi NUbv‡K cÂg Ø›Ø wn‡m‡e ¸iæZ¡ †`qvi K_v e‡jb| GKBmv‡_ wZwb †`Lvb beRvMÖ Z RvZxqZvev`x †`k¸wj hLb kvwšÍ I mvgª vRëv`we‡ivwaZvi K_v e‡j, †mUv Zviv cy u wRcwZ‡kªYxi ¯^ v‡_© i Avï cÖ ‡qvR‡bi w`‡K ZvwK‡qB e‡j| GB Ae¯’ vb‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡bvi mv‡_ mv‡_ G‡ì kvwšÍ bxwZi mv‡_ mgvRZvwš¿ K wkwe‡ii kvwšÍ bxwZi cv_© K¨ Ges Gme †`‡ki cy u wRev`x kvmK‡kªYxi d¨vwmev`x, mvgª vRëv`x I m¤úÖ mviYev`x †Svu K‡K Av`k©MZfv‡e D‡b¥vPb Ki‡Z n‡e KwgDwb÷‡ì|15| †mvwf‡qZ cvwU© I ivóª ‡K KivqË¡ Kivi ci eû cÖ Kv‡ii ms‡kvabev`x bxwZ I Kvh© µ‡gi Øviv gvK© mev`-†jwbbev` Ges mgvRZvwš¿ K c_ †_‡K wePy ¨Z n‡Z _v‡K| †jwbbxq wkÿvi Avav‡iB ÷¨vwjb mgvRZš¿ ‡K M‡o Zz ‡j‡Qb| wKš‘ mgvRZ‡š¿ i mv‡_ ÷¨vwj‡bi bvg Ggbfv‡e RwoZ n‡q Av‡Q †h ÷¨vwj‡bi bvg‡K gmxwjß bv K‡i mgvRev` †_‡K m‡i hvIqv m¤¢ e wQj bv| GB D‡Ï‡k¨B µz ‡ðf †bZ… Z¡ weskwZZg Ks‡MÖ ‡m ÷¨vwj‡bi mgv‡jvPbvi bv‡g ÷¨vwjb-we‡ivax AccÖ Pvi ïiæ K‡i| Øvwesk Ks‡MÖ ‡m Zv AviI Zxeª Kiv nq| Zu vi iPbvejx wbwl× Kiv nq, Zu vi ¯§„ wZweRwoZ kni, cvK©, iv¯Í v, †hŠ_Lvgvi Ges AviI eû cÖ wZôvb,†hLv‡bB Zu vi bvg wQj, †m¸wji bvg e`‡j †Ìqv nq| Zu vi cÖ wZK… wZ Ges g~ wZ© wj mwi‡q †djv nq Ges †jwbb-÷¨vwjb

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gy w³ wbwnZ i‡q‡Q| gvby ‡li Dci gvby ‡li Pvcv‡bv †h `gb-cxob, hv †_‡K iv‡óª i DrcwË, mgvR cwieZ© ‡bi wbq‡gi cwiYwZ‡Z ivóª wecø ‡ei ga¨ w`‡q, iv‡óª i Aejy wßi c‡_B †mB `gb-cxo‡bi nvZ †_‡K gy w³i Dcvq wbwnZ i‡q‡Q|Ó (ivwkqvq ... c„: 299)18| Kg‡iW †Nvl †`wL‡q‡Qb : e¨w³ev` AvR ïay mgvRZvwš¿ K †`‡kiB bq, we‡k¦ i me© ÎB me© nviv wecø ex Av‡›`vj‡bi mvg‡b me‡P‡q eo evav wnmv‡e Dcw¯’ Z n‡q‡Q| AvR giYvcbœ cy u wRev‡ì hy ‡M e¨w³ev` hLb Kjy wlZ, ZLb e¨w³ev`‡K wejy ß bv K‡i e¨w³i weKvk †hgb m¤¢ e bq, †ZgbB e¨w³ev`‡K civ¯Í bv K‡i mwZ¨Kvi KwgDwb÷ cvwU© MVb KivI m¤¢ e bq, `‡ji msnwZ iÿv KivI m¤¢ e bq| ZvB cvwU© Ges wecø ex Av‡›`vj‡bi weKv‡ki Rb¨ e¨w³ev‡ì weiæ‡× Av‡cvlnxb msMÖ vg cwiPvjbv Kiv Acwinvh© ¨| wZwb †`Lvb GB Av‡›`vjb GKwU AwZ RwUj msMÖ vg| A‡b‡KB g‡b K‡ib †h e¨w³ m¤úwË †_‡K †h‡nZz e¨w³ev‡ì Rb¥, ZLb e¨w³ m¤úwË Z¨vM K‡iB e¨w³ev` †_‡K gy ³ nIqv m¤¢ e| wKš‘ Kg‡iW †Nvl †`wL‡q‡Qb †h e¨w³ m¤úwË Z¨vM Kiv KwgDwb÷‡ì Rb¨ GKwU cÖ v_wgK msMÖ vg, wKš‘ e¨w³ m¤úwË Z¨vM K‡iB e¨w³ev` †_‡K gy ³ nIqv m¤¢e bq| KviY e¨w³m¤úwË †_‡K †h e¨w³m¤úwË †eva (private property mental complex)-Gi m„ wó nq, †mB e¨w³m¤úwË †eva †_‡K gy ³ nIqvi msMÖ vgB e¨w³ev` †_‡K gy³ nIqvi cÖ K… Z msMÖ vg| Avi GUv m¤¢ e n‡jB e¨w³¯ v‡_© i mv‡_ mvgvwRK ¯ v‡_© i wgjb m¤¢ e| Avi GB msMÖ vgB ms‡kvabev‡ì weiæ‡×I cÖ K…Z msMÖ vg|19| Px‡bi gnvb me© nviv mvs¯‹… wZK wecø e ‡K c~Y© mg_© b Ges Awfb›`b Rvwb‡qI Kg‡iW †Nvl e‡jwQ‡jb, GB wecø e mvgwqK mvdj¨ AR©b Ki‡jI hZÿY ch© šÍ ms‡kvabev`x wePz ¨wZi g~ j KviY ZË¡MZfv‡e Zvu iv ai‡Z bv cvi‡Q, gvbeZvev` I mgvRZvwš¿ K e¨w³ev‡ì weiæ‡× jovB K‡i hy ‡Mvc‡hvMx DbœZ me© nviv ms¯‹… wZi Kb‡mÞ ai‡Z bv cvi‡Q, Ges Zvi wfwË‡Z `‡ji Kg© x I RbMY‡K wkwÿZ bv K‡i Zz j‡Q, †hŠ_ †bZ… Z¡ m¤ú‡K© hvwš¿ K aviYv KvUv‡Z bv cvi‡Q Ges gvI †m Zzs-Gi êcø weK wPšÍ v‡K cwiewZ© Z cwiw¯’ wZi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ †i‡L AviI weKvk NUv‡Z bv cvi‡Q ZZÿY evievi ms‡kvabev` I cy u wRev` cy btcÖ wZôvi wec` Avm‡e|

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24| Ôm¤¢ ve¨Zvi ZË¡Õ ev Ôj Ae †cÖve¨vwewjwUÕ Avwe®‹v‡ii ci GK`j weÁvbx I `vk© wbK Ôwba©viYev`Õ ev ÔwWUviwgwbRgÕ msµvšÍ aviYv‡K fz j e‡j AvµgY K‡i e‡jb, Ôwba© viYev`Õ, ÔKvh© KviY m¤úK© Õ (j Ae KRvwjwU) cÖ f„ wZ meB fz j| G‡ì Reve w`‡qB Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nvl †`Lvb †h, GB Ôj Ae †cÖ ve¨vwewjwUÕ wba© viYev`‡K c~ e© -wba© viYev‡ì wbqwZev`x aviYv †_‡K gy ³ K‡i‡Q| eo e¯‘ i †ÿ‡Î m¤¢ ve¨Zvi wbqg cÖ ‡qvM K‡i Zvi MšÍ e¨ wbav© iY Kiv hvq| wKš‘ ÿz ª KYvi †ÿ‡Î MšÍ ‡eï m¤¢ ve¨Zv ev ‡cÖ ve¨vwewjwUi †ÿ‡Î G·Uvibvj d¨v±im †ewk KvR K‡i e‡j Zvi MšÍ e¨ wbf© y jfv‡e wba© viY Kiv bv I †h‡Z cv‡i| Gi A_© GB bq †h †mUv ZrÿYvr Awba© viY‡hvM¨ ev BbwWUviwgwbRg n‡q †Mj| †mLv‡bI jÕ KvR K‡i, d‡j wWUviwgwbRgI KvR K‡i|(fviZe‡l© i mvs¯‹… wZK Av‡›`vjb, ÁvbZË¡)25| cø y ivwjwU Ae K‡Rm Ñ wek¦ RMr GKwU e¯‘ bq| AmsL¨ e¯‘ wgwj‡qB e¯‘ RMr ev wek¦ RMr| cÖ wZwU we‡kl e¯‘ i cwieZ© ‡bi

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28| kvk¦ Z mZ¨ wb‡q weåvwšÍ cÖ m‡½ Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nvl †`wL‡q‡Qb : kvk¦ Z e‡j wKQz †bB, Gi g~ j KviY e¯‘ nj Ø›Øg~ jK e¯‘; A_© vr hZ ÿz ª e¯‘ B †nvK bv †Kb, Zvi g‡aÏ `y ‡Uv we‡ivax kw³ i‡q‡Q Ges cÖ wZwbqZ Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Ø›Ø Pj‡Q| GUv Zvi AšÍ Ø© ›Ø| Avevi mg¯Í we‡kl e¯‘ B AmsL¨ e¯‘ i Øviv cwi‡ewóZ n‡q Ae¯’ vb K‡i Ñ ZvB Gi ewnR© M‡Zi mv‡_I Zvi cÖ wZgy n~ ‡Z© B Ø›Ø n‡”Q Ñ GUv Zvi ewn© Ø›Ø| GB `y B Ø›ØB e¯‘ i MwZi KviY| Avi `y B Ø‡›Øi Rb¨B e¯‘ wbqZ MwZkxj| MwZ e¯‘ i Ae¯’ v‡bi aib (mode of existence)| ZvB e¯‘ cÖ wZwbqZ cwiewZ© Z n‡”Q Ñ ïay Zvi iƒ‡ciB bq, ¸‡YiI cwieZ© b NU‡Q| e¯‘ i GB MwZi †Kv‡bv †kl †bB| ZvB e¯‘ i †Kv‡bv Ae¯’ vbB ¯’ vqx bq, wPišÍ b ev kvk¦ Z bq| ZvB mZ¨ e‡j AvR hv RvbwQ, Zvi cwieZ© b I weKvk N‡U| †h gvby l Rvb‡Q †mI cwieZ© bkxj| Ab¨w`‡K hv w`‡q RvbwQ †mB h‡š¿ iI Dbœ wZ NU‡Q, cwieZ© b n‡”Q| wZwb e‡j‡Qb Ñ ÒAvm‡j kvk¦ Z bv e‡j Avgv‡ì ejv DwPZ, e¯‘ n‡”Q BDwbfvm© vj|Ó ÒÁvb-weÁv‡bi AMÖMwZi mv‡_ mv‡_ cwieZ© ‡bi wbqvgK †h wZbwU g~ j bxwZ Zvi DcjwäiI cwieZ© b n‡”Q Ñ †mUv AviI cwi®‹vi, cÖ vÄj, Mfxi Ges †cwb‡Uª wUs (Zxÿè) n‡”Q|†mB A‡_© wZbwU g~ j bxwZ †KvbI k¦ vk¦ Z iƒc wb‡q `vu wo‡q †bB|Ó (ÁvbZË¡) ÒØ›Øg~ jK e¯‘ ev`x we‡kø lY c×wZ Aby hvqx weÁv‡bi

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kw³ I Drcv`b m¤ú‡K© i g‡a¨ Ø›Ø memgq we‡ivavZ¥K| we‡ivavZ¥K Ø›Ø Qvov Avg~ j cwieZ© b nq bv| cÖ K… wZi Af¨šÍ ‡iI we‡ivavZ¥K Ø›Ø _vK‡e, Avevi gvby l I cÖ K…wZi Ø‡›Øi g‡aÏ we‡ivavZ¥K Ø›Ø _vK‡e| my Zivs mvaviY A‡_© G K_v ejv fz j n‡e †h, A¨v›UvMwbRg BR †U‡¤úvivwi, K›Uª vwWKkb BR cvg© v‡b›U| (ÁvbZË¡) 30| Kg‡iW †Nvl †`wL‡q‡Qb Ñ gvK© mev`x `k© b‡K nvwZqvi K‡i kª wgK‡kª wY G hy ‡M cy u wRev` †_‡K mf¨Zv‡K gy ³ Ki‡e, †mB A‡_© gvK© mev` AvR‡Ki hy ‡M kª wgK‡kª wYi `k© b, G K_v ejv P‡j| GRb¨ gvK© mev`‡K ejv nZ Ôkª wgK‡kªwYi wek¦ „ wófw½Õ| Gi †_‡K GB weåvwšÍ m„ wó n‡Z cv‡i †h, kª wgK‡kª wY †hLv‡b _vK‡e bv, ZLb gvK© mev` ev Ø›Øg~ jK e¯‘evÌ _vK‡e bv| Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nvl †`Lv‡jb, gvK© mev` n‡”Q weÁvbwfwËK `k© b, mZ¨vby mÜv‡bi `k© b| mvgëv`x mgv‡R hLb kª wgK‡kªwY _vK‡e bv, ZLbI mZ¨vbymÜv‡bi †ÿ‡Î GB weÁvbm¤§Z `k© b _vK‡e| †mRb¨B G‡K ejv DwPZ Ô weÁvbm¤§Z wek¦ „ wófw½Õ| 31| fveev` I e ‘ ev‡ì BwZnvm Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q wZwb †`wL‡q‡Qb Ñ Òfveev`x wPšÍ v BwZnv‡m †ewkifvM mgq †kvlK‡kªYxi nvwZqv‡ii f‚ wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q GK_v wVK| wKš‘ ZvB e‡j ag© xq wPšÍ v ev fveev`x wPšÍ vaviv mgv‡Ri AMÖMwZi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb mgq †Kvb f‚ wgKv cvjb K‡iwb, GK_v Avwg †Kvbw`b †g‡b wb‡Z cvwiwb| Lª xóag© `vmcÖ fz ‡ì Ab¨vq I AZ¨vPv‡ii weiæ‡× `vm‡ì msMÖ vg M‡o Zz j‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q Ges †mB A‡_© B GKmgq mgvRcÖMwZ‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q| gy mjgvb ag© vej¤^ x‡ì †ÿ‡ÎI G ai‡Yi bwRi cvIqv hvq| ... mgvRweKv‡ki GKUv ¯Í ‡i G‡m ag©B gvby ‡li g‡a¨ bxwZ-ˆbwZKZvi aviYv, g~ j¨‡eva, †mevi g‡bve„ wË, Aci‡K †nq bv Kiv, b¨vq-Ab¨vq‡ev‡ai wPšÍ v M‡o Zz j‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q| GiB d‡j mgv‡R k„ •Ljv‡eva M‡o D‡V‡Q Ges Zv mgvR‡K msnZ I msNe× Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q Ges †mBw`K †_‡KI ag© mgvRcÖMwZ‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q| Ó (gv·© ev` I Ø›Øg~ jK e¯‘ ev‡ì K‡qKwU w`K cÖ m‡½) 32| e¯‘ i cwieZ© ‡bi ‡ÿ‡Î wZbwU g~ jbxwZ Av‡jvPbvq gvK© m-G‡½jm Ôd« g ‡Kvqvw›U‡UwUf †PÄ Uz †Kvqvwj‡UwUf †PÄ A¨vÐ fvBwm fvimvÕ e‡j‡Qb| wKš‘ cieZ© xKv‡j Ab¨‡ì Av‡jvPbvq ÔfvBwm fvimvÕ K_vUv D”PvwiZ nqwb ev ¸iæZ¡ cvqwb| wke`vm

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mvu ‡Îi Aw¯Í Z¡ ev` cvðv‡Z¨ gvK© mev‡ì weiæ‡× Avµg‡Yi Ly eB wec¾bK nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e KvR KiwQj| iv‡mj, mvu ‡Î cÖgy ‡Li g‡a¨ BwÛwfRy qvj wd« Wg‡K A¨vemwjDU g‡b Kivi wPšÍ v KvR KiwQj| ¯ vaxbZvi GB A¨vemwjDU aviYv †Kb G‡ì g‡a¨ †`Lv w`j, Zv e¨vL¨v K‡i Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nvl †`Lvb Ñ Kx cÖ wµqvq gvby ‡li gw¯Í ‡®‹i mv‡_ cwi‡e‡ki Ø‡›Øi ga¨ w`‡q wPšÍ vi Rb¥ nq Ges †g‡Uwiqvj KwÐk‡bi cwieZ© ‡bi mv‡_ wPšÍ vi Dcv`vb I wPšÍ vI †h cwiewZ© Z nq, Zv †h A¨vemwjDU _v‡K bv, gvK© mev‡ì GB weÁvbm¤§Z e¨vL¨v ey S‡Z e¨_© Zvi Rb¨B Iu ‡ì g‡a¨ GB weåvwšÍ N‡U‡Q| Gu iv wPšÍ v m¤ú~Y© e¯‘ ewnf© ~ Z, GUvI fv‡eb bv, Avevi m¤ú~Y© e¯‘ wfwËK GUvI gvb‡Z cv‡ib bv| Avm‡j Giv cÖvB‡fU cÖcvwU© †g›Uvj Kg‡cø · †_‡K wb‡R‡ì gy ³ Ki‡Z bv cvivi d‡j ey ‡R©vqv ivBU Uz cÖcvwU© ‡K †hgb A¨vemwjDU g‡b K‡ib, †Zgwb e¨w³i wPšÍ v I ¯ vaxbZv‡KI A¨vemwjDU g‡b K‡ib|GB `y B cÖ wZfvevb `vk© wb‡Ki f~ wgKv AvšÍR© vwZK †ÿ‡Î h‡_ó wecwËi m„ wó K‡iwQj, hvi DËi w`‡q‡Qb Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nvl|



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35| cvwU© cÖ KvwkZ Ômvgª vRëv`x wek¦ vqbÕ cy w¯Í Kvi (c„ ôv 29) ejv n‡q‡Q : Òd¨vwmev` nj weÁv‡bi KvwiMwi w`K I Ava¨vZ¥ev`x Zgmv”Qbœ wPšÍ vi wewPÎ mswgkªY, d¨vwmev` nj me© nviv wecø e‡K cÖ wZnZ Kivi Rb¨ ey ‡R© vqv‡kªYxi ¯^ v‡_© mvgwMÖ K cÖ wZwecø ex Afz ¨Ìvb Ñ gv·© ev`x wePvic×wZ, †jwbb-÷¨vwjb-gvI‡mZz ‡Oi wkÿvi avivevwnKZvq G mZ¨ Zz ‡j a‡i‡Qb Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nvl| wZwb AviI †`Lvb Ñ wØZxq wek¦ hy ‡× d¨vwmev‡ì mvgwiK kw³i civRq NU‡jI d¨vwmev‡ì mvgwMÖ K civRq N‡Uwb eis hy ‡×vËi `y wbqvq wek¦ cy u wRev‡ì Av‡cwÿK ¯’ vwqZ¡ webó nIqv Ges †`‡k †`‡k me© nviv wecø ‡ei weRq cÖ vq wbwðZ nIqvi cUf~ wg‡Z AMÖ mi-AbMÖ mi mg¯Í cy u wRev`x †`‡kB d¨vwmev` AvR mvaviY êwkó¨ wn‡m‡e †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| wZwb AviI †`Lvb Ñ †Kej mvgwiK ˆ¯^ iZš¿ B bq, evB‡i msm`xq MYZ‡š¿ i Vu vUevU eRvq †i‡L, wØ-`jxq GgbwK eû`jxq msm`xq eë¯’ vi Avov‡j d¨vwmev` e y ‡R© vqv `y wbqvi mg¯Í †`‡ki ¯’ vqx êwk‡ó¨ cwiYZ n‡q‡Q|Ó wZwb †`Lvb, d¨vwmev‡ì A_© ‰bwZK êwkó¨ Ñ A_© bxwZi P~ ovšÍ †K› ª xKiY|

ivR‰bwZK êwkó¨ Ñ cÖ kvm‡bi nv‡Z ˆ¯^ ivPvix ÿgZvi †K› ª xfeb| d¨vwmev‡ì ms¯‹… wZMZ I Av`k„MZ wfwË Ñ Aa¨vZ¥ev‡ì mv‡_ weÁv‡bi KvwiMix w`‡Ki GK A™¢ z Z mswgkªY| 36| hy ³d« ›U ivRbxwZi ZË¡ ‡K ev¯Í e cÖ ‡qv‡Mi ga¨ w`‡q mg„ × Kivi †ÿ‡Î we‡kl Ae`vb ‡i‡L‡Qb Kg‡iW gvI †m ZzO| Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nvl hy ³d« ›U ivRbxwZ I hy ³d« ›U miKvi cwiPvjb vi cÖ ‡kœ †cwUey ‡R© vqv †mvk¨vj †W‡gv‡µwUK cvwU© ‡jvi mv‡_ GKwU cÖ K„ Z gvK© mev`x `‡ji D‡Ïk¨ I „ wófw½i †gŠwjK cv_© K¨ wPwýZ K‡i Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb hv GKwU g~ jëvb wkÿv| Zvu i fvlvq ÑÒh_v_© gvK© mev`x-†jwbbev`x `j Rbmvavi‡Yi wecø ex msMÖ vg‡K GwM‡q †bqvi ¯^ v‡_© MYZvwš¿ K Av‡›`vj‡bi GKUv we‡kl ¯Í ‡i hy ³d« ›U‡K Acwinvh© nvwZqvi g‡b K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K †cwUey ‡R© vqv †mvk¨vj †W‡gv‡µwUK `j¸‡jvi Kv‡Q hy ³d« ›U n‡”Q GKUv wcÖ wf‡jR, wb‡R‡ì msKxY© cvj© v‡g›Uvwi ¯^ v_© I D”PvKv•ÿv PwiZv_© Kivi GKUv Dcvq gvÎ| ... Rbmvavi‡Yi †h Ask AvRI bvbv †cwUey ‡R© vqv †mvm¨vj †W‡gv‡µwUK `j m¤ú‡K© †gvnMÖ ¯Í Ges Zv‡ì cÖ fv‡e Av”Qbœ n‡q Av‡Q, msMÖ v‡gi nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e hy ³d« ›U Zv‡ì mKj‡K HKë× MYAv‡›`vj‡bi g‡a¨ mvwgj I msMwVZ Kivi d‡j GKw`‡K †hgb Av‡›`vj‡bi kw³e„ w× N‡U

Ges Zvi Øviv Av‡›`vjb kw³kvjx nq, mv‡_ mv‡_ †h wecy j msL¨K RbmvaviY HKë× Av‡›`vj‡bi g‡a¨ G‡m R‡ov nq Zviv wecø ex ivRbxwZ I Av`k© m¤ú‡K© AviI †ewk K‡i cwiwPZ nIqvi I Zvi Øviv DØy × nIqvi my ‡hvM cvq| ... GKw`‡K me© m¤§Z b~ ¨bZg Kg© m~ wP I AvPiYwewai wfwË‡Z mvaviY I g~ j kÎæi weiæ‡× HKë× msMÖ vg, Ab¨w`‡K GB H‡Kï g‡a¨B Av`k© MZ cÖ ‡kœ wewfbœ `‡ji g‡a¨ †h gZcv_© K¨ i‡q‡Q Ñ hv Av‡›`vj‡bi Kg© m~ wP MÖ nY I Zv‡K ev¯Í ‡e cÖ ‡qvM Kivi g‡aÏ cª wZw`b cÖ wZdwjZ n‡”Q, Zv‡K †K› ª K‡i cÖ wZwbqZ ci¯úi Avcmnxb Av`k© MZ msMÖ vg cwiPvjbv Ges GB cÖ wµqvq hy ³d« ‡›Ui HK¨‡K µgvMZ my „ p K‡i Pjv Ñ G‡KB ÔHK¨-msMÖ vg-H‡K¨Õi bxwZ ejv nq| GUvB hy ³d« ›U ivRbxwZi g~ j wecø ex bxwZ|Ó cy u wRev`x iv‡óª evgcš’ x miKvi cwiPvjbvi „ wófw½ Zz ‡j a‡i wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb Ñ Òhy ³d« ›U miKv‡ii KvR n‡e RbM‡Yi mg¯Í b¨vqm½Z I MYZvwš¿ K Av‡›`vj‡b Drmvn †Ìqv| GB jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨ †_‡K hy ³d« ›U miKvi GKw`‡K †`L‡e hv‡Z RbM‡Yi b¨vqm½Z I MYZvwš¿ K Av‡›`vj‡b cy wjk n¯Í ‡ÿc bv K‡i| ...GB msMÖ v‡gi cUf‚ wg‡ZB Avgv‡ì mvn‡mi mv‡_ Rb¯^ v‡_© i mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© bZz b bZz b AvBb cÖYqb I cy i‡bv AvBb¸wj‡K ms‡kvab Kivi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e| GB „ wófw½ wb‡q hy ³d« ›U miKvi hw` mvnm, cÖ Z¨q I „ pZvi mv‡_ Rb¯^ v‡_© mvsweavwbK KvVv‡gvi g‡a¨B m¤¢ e ms¯‹viMy wj Ki‡Z cv‡i, `y b© xwZ `~ i Ki‡Z cv‡i, AvgjvZš¿ ‡K K‡›Uª vj

Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges b¨vqm½Z MYZvwš¿ K Av‡›`vjb¸‡jv M‡o IVvi c‡ÿ Aby K‚ j cwi‡ek m„ wó Ki‡Z cv‡i Z‡eB Rb¯^ v‡_© mwZ¨Kv‡ii KvR Kiv n‡e|Ó (hy ³d« ›U ivRbxwZ I cvwU© i mvsMVwbK KvRK‡g© i K‡qKwU w`K) GKwU cy u wRev`x iv‡óª †KvbI GKwU A½iv‡R¨ KwgDwb÷iv wbev© P‡b MwiôZv AR© b Ki‡j Zviv miKv‡i hv‡e wK bv, †M‡j †Kvb „ wófw½‡Z miKvi cwiPvjbv Ki‡e, Kg‡iW wke`vm †Nvl G m¤ú‡K© mwVK gvK© mev`x „ wófw½ Zz ‡j a‡ib| 37| MYAv‡›`vj‡b msMÖ vg KwgwU MVb : RbM‡Yi msMÖ v‡gi nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e ivwkqvq †h Ô†mvwf‡qZÕ¸‡jv M‡o D‡VwQj, †mLvb †_‡K wkÿv wb‡q wke`vm †Nvl Gi ¸iæZ¡ e¨vL¨v K‡i e‡jb : Ò.. †h gvby l¸‡jv Av‡›`vj‡b Avm‡Z PvB‡Q wewfbœ MYKwgwU‡Z Zv‡ì hy ³ K‡i Gme MYKwgwU¸wj‡K †bZ… Z¡ Kvix KwgwU‡Z iƒcvšÍ wiZ Kiv Ges Zv‡ì gva¨‡gB Av‡›`vjb Pvjvevi †Póv Kiv, Ab¨w`‡K Av‡›`vjb Pvjv‡Z Pvjv‡ZB wewfbœ `‡ji g‡a¨ ci¯úi ivR‰bwZK gZv`k© MZ msMÖ vg Pvjv‡bv| GB gZv`k© MZ msNl© Qvov RbM‡Yi ivR‰bwZK †PZbv cwi®‹vi n‡Z cv‡i bv| ... wecøex `j Pvq, GB †h GwR‡Ukbvj gy f‡g›U, Gi ga¨ w`‡q †hb AšÍ Z RbM‡Yi LvwbKUv ivR‰bwZK †PZbv, LvwbKUv RbM‡Yi wecø ex †bZ… Z¡ M‡o I‡V Ges RbM‡Yi ÿgZv M‡o †Zvjvi nvwZqvi

MYKwgwU¸‡jv ivR‰bwZK †PZbv wb‡q M‡o DV‡Z cv‡i| GB MYKwgwU¸‡jv ¯’ vqx KwgwU n‡e bv| G¸wj cÖ wZwU Av‡›`vj‡b LvwbKUv †PZbv wb‡q M‡o DV‡e, Avevi Av‡›`vj‡bi ci †f‡½ hv‡e| GBiKg cÖ ‡Z¨KUv Av‡›`vj‡b hw` GB MYKwgwU¸‡jv LwbKUv ivR‰bwZK †PZbv wb‡q M‡o DV‡Z _v‡K Zvn‡j RbMY wb‡RivB Av‡›`vjb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z wkL‡e Ges Av‡›`vj‡b †bZ… Z¡ M‡o Zz j‡Z wkL‡e|Ó(hy ³d« ›U ivRbxwZ I cvwU© i mvsMVwbK KvRK‡g© i K‡qKwU w`K) 38| Ômv¤úÖ `vwqK mgm¨v cÖ m‡½Õ kxl© K Av‡jvPbvq Kg‡iW †Nvl fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki HwZnvwmK †cÖ ÿvc‡Ui Av‡jv‡K mv¤úÖ `vwqK mgm¨v‡K wePvi Kivi weÁvbm¤§Z „ wófw½, GB mgm¨vi KviYmg~ n I Zv wbimb Kivi mvwe© K c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| G‡Z wZwb †`wL‡q‡Qb Ñ fviZe‡l© RvwZ MV‡bi aviv ïiæ nq Dbwesk kZ‡Ki wØZxqv‡a© hLb cy u wRev` wek¦ mvgvwRK kw³ wn‡m‡e Zvi wecø ex PwiÎ nvwi‡q‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K cwðgx abZ‡š¿ i gZ ¯ vaxbfv‡e weKvk jvf Kivi cwie‡Z© fviZxq



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abZš¿ M‡o D‡VwQj we‡`kx jMœ xcy u wRi KZ© „ Z¡ vax‡b Ges mvgšÍ Zvwš¿ K m¤ú‡K© i Øviv cwi‡ewóZ n‡q| mvgª vRëv` I mvgšÍ Z‡š¿ i weiæ‡× ms¯‹vicš’ x weiæ×ev`x ev AvcmgyLx f‚ wgKvi Kvi‡Y fviZxq ey ‡R© vqv‡ì †bZ… ‡Z¡ cwiPvwjZ RvZxq ¯^ vaxbZv msMÖ v‡g mgv‡Ri MYZš¿ xKi‡Yi c‡ÿ Aek¨cÖ ‡qvRbxq mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹… wZK wecø ‡ei KvR¸wj m¤ú~Y© Kiv Ges wewfbœ fvlvfvlx DcRvwZ I wewfbœ ag© vej¤^ x m¤úÖ `v‡qi GKxKi‡Yi KvR m¤ú~Y© Kiv m¤¢ e nqwb| Dciš‘ fviZxq RvZxqZvev`x †bZ… Z¡ ag© ‡K RvZxqZvev`x fvev`k© cÖ Pv‡ii gva¨g wn‡m‡e MÖ nY K‡iwQ‡jb, GB wn›`y Z¡ cy biæ¾xebev`x fviZxq RvZxqZvev‡ì Kvi‡Y gy mwjg m¤úÖ `vq RvZxq gy w³ Av‡›`vj‡bi g~ j avivi mv‡_ GKvZ¥ n‡Z cv‡iwb| G‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q e„ wUk mvgª vRëv`xiv ÔwWfvBW GÐ iæjÕ bxwZ Kvh© Ki K‡iwQj| ¯^ vaxbZv cieZ© xKv‡jI kvmK‡kªYx ag©wbi‡cÿZvi bxwZ‡K ev¯Í‡e mg¯Í a‡g© i weKv‡k mgvb Drmvn `v‡bi bxwZ‡Z ch© ewmZ K‡i‡Q hv ev¯Í ‡e ag© xq wefvRb‡K evov‡”Q| GB Av‡jvPbvq wZwb AviI e‡jb Ñ cvðv‡Z¨ MYZvwš¿ K

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the 40 points and elaboration submitted by comrade mubinul haider chowdhury to establish...

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