The 80/20 RuleDevoted himself to finding laws in economics, trying to make it into an exact science. Author of the three-volume Trattato di Sociologia GeneraleFirst noticed the 80/20 RuleParetos Law of Principle

Vilfredo Pareto 1848 - 1923

Examples of the 80/20 Rule80% of Paretos peas came from 20% of the peapods.80% of Italys land was owned by 20% of the people80% of profit is produced by 20% of employees.80% of crime is committed by 20% of the criminals.

Bell CurveIn this example, we see the IQ score and the % of the population. A Bell Curve does not allow IQ under 0 or over 165 in this modell. General rule is that most will be at the center of the curve, while a few will be on the left and right side.

Power LawIn a Bell Curve you dont allow the very very unusual event.The web and number of links follow a power law.

The web and the distribution of links follow a power law, and that shows us that there are a few hubs that has millions of links, but the average is a much smaller number. (1999) Erds and Rnyi, along with Watts and Strogatz, both told us that nodes with k links should decrease exponentially. They both told us that hubs do not exist.If the 80/20 Rule applies, the distribution can be shown as a power law.

Phase TransitionWater to ice.Metal to magnet.From disorder to order. After the transition they follow power laws. (?)How does order emerge from disorder?

The answerKenneth Wilson (1936 - )RenormalizationNobel prize in physics 1982