Japan Trip Report

THE 8TH INTERNATIONAL JOINT SEMINAR

& VISIT TO CLEAN AUTHORITY OF TOKYO.

TOKYO METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT

(Chubo Disposal Facilities and Shin-Koto Incineration Plant)

Humanizing Collaboration between Indonesia & Japan

Written By:

Gede Agus Prana Anantawijaya

120820170511

Master of Management Program

Faculty of Economics and Business

Padjadjaran University

Design & Illustration by:

@gdaguspr

1. Marketing Analysis (Physicall evidence)

Shibuya City

Shibuya City is a major commercial and business centre in Tokyo Metropolitan Area, Japan.

The city houses the two busiest railway stations in the world, Shinjuku Station and Shibuya Station.

The name “Shibuya” is usually famous as a shopping district which surrounds Shibuya Station. This

area is knowsn as one of the fashion centers of Japan, especially for young people, and as a major

nightlife area in Japan.

As the Famous fashion centers in Japan, Shibuya has achieved great popularity among young

people since the early 1980s. Shibuya 109 is a major shopping center near the Shibuya Station. The

origin of the kogal subculture, called “Ichi-Maru-Kyu”, in English “1-0-9”. The contemporary

fashiion scene in Shibuya extends northward from Shibuya Station to Harajuku, where youth culture

reigns.

Harajuku Distric

Shibuya City has many sightseeing and historic sites that can be visited. As a place of a really

famous fashion icon in Japan, namely Harajuku, Shibuya has many fashion shopping centers that

spread throughout the distric. Harajuku is known internationally as a center of Japanese youth culture

and fashion. Shopping and dining options include many small, youth-oriented, independent boutiques

and cafés, but the neighborhood also attracts many larger international chain stores with high-end

luxury merchandisers extensively represented along Omotesando.

Harajuku Station on the JR East Yamanote Line and Meiji-jingumae 'Harajuku' Station served

by the Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line and Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line also act as gateways to local

attractions such as the Meiji Shrine, Yoyogi Park and Yoyogi National Gymnasium, making Harajuku

and its environs one of the most popular destinations in Tokyo for both domestic and international

tourists.

Harajuku is a retail fashion and dining destination in its own right, but still earns much of its

wider reputation as a gathering place for fans and aficionados of Japanese street fashion and

associated subcultures. Jingu Bashi, the pedestrian bridge between Harajuku Station and the entrance

to the Meiji Shrine used to act as a gathering place on Sundays to showcase some of the more

theatrical styles. Another gathering place was the lower part of Omotesandō avenue, as it used to be

pedestrian-only ("Hokosha Tengoku") on Sundays

Not only Shibuya has many fashion and shopping center. But also many of the historic area.

Shibuya has Meiji Shrine, a Shinto Shrine dedicated to the souls of Emperor Meiji and Empress

Shoken, surrounded by a 170 acres of 120.000 trees of 36 different species. the entrance of the shrine

complex leads through the Jingu Bashi bridge. The shrine itself is composed of two major areas:

The Naien is the inner precint, which is centered on the shrine buildings and includes a

treasure museum that houses articles of the Emperor and Empress. The treasure museum

is builad in the Azekurazukuri style.

The Gaien is the outer precint, which includes the Meiji Memorial Picture Gallery that

houses a collection of 80 large murals illustrative of the events in the lives of the

Emperor and his consort. It also includes a variety of sports facilities, including the

National Stadium (Meiji Jingu Gaien Stadium and Tokyo Olympic Stadium), and the

Meiji Memorial Hall (Meiji Kinenkan).

Yoyogi Park is one of the historic area in Shibuya. The park is a popular Tokyo destination. On

Sundays, it is especially busy when it is used as a gathering place for Japanese rock music fans,

jugglers, comedians, martial arts clubs, cosplayers and other subculture and hobby groups.[5] In

spring, thousands of people visit the park to enjoy the cherry blossom during hanami. The landscaped

park has picnic areas, bike paths, cycle rentals and public sport courts.

Comparison with Bandung, Indonesia

Bandung is considered a major & significant cultural hub in Indonesia. As one of the biggest

city in Indonesia, Bandung has an economically strategic position due to its relatively short distance

(129km) from Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, and is surrounded by smaller towns that are rich

in natural and industrial material producers, manufactures, craftsmen, and other forms of skilled labor.

Since the 1930s, Bandung has had the reputation as the distribution centre for world’s fashion

industry; and the city is also a favourite destination for shopping and culinary experiences.

A recent document on the branding of Bandung points out a number of outstanding keywords,

such as “avant-garde”, “urban”, “artistic”, “cultural knowledge”, and “trendsetter”, which give the

city its reputation as “an emerging creative city”. The city’s development is currently influenced by

an active involvement of its citizens in determining its direction and priorities, since communication

platforms with the municipal government have become more open and varied.

Creative culture has shaped some of the Bandung economy. Small businesses known as "distro"

sell non-trademarked products made by local designers. Books, indie label records, magazines,

fashion products, and other accessories are typical distro products. Distros are popular with young

people and distance themselves from factory outlets in term of philosophy. Distros arise from

individual designers and young entrepreneurs, while factory outlet products are from large-scale

garment factories. The Bandung city administration has agreed to substantially develop seven

industrial and trade areas, for Bandung specialty products:

Binongjati Knitting Industrial and Trade Center

Cigondewah Textile Trade Center

Cihampelas Jeans Trade Center

Suci (T and Oblong) Shirt Industrial Center

Cibaduyut Shoes Industrial Center

Cibuntu Tofu and Tempeh Industrial Center

Sukamulya Sukajadi Doll Industrial Center

Aside from fashion and creative industry, Bandung has also have many significant tourist sites

include the Tangkuban Prahu volcano crater to the north, the striking Kawah Putih volcano lake, and

Patenggang Lake, a lake surrounded by tea plantations about 50 kilometres (31 miles) to the south of

the city.

To view the Bandung Basin clearly in its mountain surroundings, visitors travel to the Bongkor

protected forest area (kawasan hutan lindung), Saung Daweung and Arcamanik; to the slopes of West

Manglayang Mountain in an area known as Caringin Tilu, with entry from Padasuka and Cicaheum

to the north. The forest is located in 1,500 metres (4,900 feet) above sea level and is covered with

pine trees managed by a government corporation Perhutani and can be accessed with 30 minutes drive

from downtown.Visitors going to the north of the city also find Taman Hutan Raya Ir. H. Djuanda.

The Cicaheum area also hosts Bukit Moko, a tourist spot famous for its views and its steel statue of

a giant star called Puncak Bintang. Bandung has several museums that should be visited by tourists,

such as the Geological Museum of Bandung, the Indonesia Postal Museum, Sri Baduga Museum, and

the Asian-African Conference Museum.

Recommendation

Shibuya and Bandung has a similar title as the Fashion Icon of their respectitive Country. Each of

them offer their own unique style in fashion and tourist attraction. The difference between Bandung

and Shibuya is their public facilities and the cleanliness of the city. In Japan, many of their public

transportation are considered as one of the best in the world and the cleanliness of their city is superb.

Unlike Shibuya, Bandung is considered not clean if compared to Shibuya. Although Bandung is

nominated as one of the cleaness city in Indonesia, but it is far less cleaner if compared to Shibuya.

The public transportation is also far worse if compared to the public transportation in Shibuya. As a

Fashion Icon City of Indonesia, Bandung should make Shibuya as a good example to improve its

pubic infrastructure especially the public transportation and the cleanliness of the city.

2. Cultural Analysis

Etiquette & Manner In Japan

Manners are very important amongst the Japanese. The code of etiquette in Japan governs the

expectations of social behavior in the country. Like many social cultures, etiquette varies greatly

depending on one's status relative to the person in question. Many books instruct readers on its

minutiae. Some conventions may be very regional practices, and thus may not exist in all regions of

Japan. Some customs have changed over the course of Japanese history. The following are generally

accepted modern customs in Japan. In Japan, people greet each other by bowing. The bow ranges

from a small nod of the head (casual and informal) to a deep bend at the waist (indicating respect). A

bow of the head from a foreigner is usually sufficient; most Japanese people don’t expect foreigners

to know the bowing rules. Shaking hands in Japan is uncommon.

There are strict rules regarding indoor manners in Japan which are related to footwear. Shoes

are removed not only in the home, but also in many traditional ryokan (Japanese style inns), some

restaurants, temples, castles and other historic buildings. The border is not the door itself, but the

entrance area which is called “genkan”, and shoes should be always pointed towards the door rather

than into the building.

When dining out, many restaurants have a mixture of both Western style tables and chairs as

well as low traditional tables, where it’s usual to sit on a pillow (this type of dining is referred to as

“zashiki”). Chopsticks are used to eat most kinds of Japanese food and these should be held towards

their end, not in the middle or front third. It’s not customary to tip in Japan. Instead it’s polite to say

“gochisosama deshita” (“thank you for the meal”) when leaving.

Gift giving is a common part of Japanese culture and various types of gifts are given on different

occasions. Gifts in sets of 4 are usually avoided, as the word for “four” is pronounced the same as the

word for “death”. Gift giving on birthdays and Christmas was not previously a Japanese tradition,

however due to the strong influence from the West, many families and friends do now exchange gifts

on these occasions.

Comparison with Indonesia

Various codes of etiquette in Indonesia govern the expectations of social behavior in the country

and are considered very important. Etiquette demonstrates respect, and is considered one of the key

factor in social interactions. Some conventions may be very regional practices, and thus may not exist

in all regions of Indonesia. The following are generally accepted contemporary customs in Indonesia.

Unlike Japanese, Greetings in local Indonesian includes selamat pagi (good morning), selamat

siang (good afternoon), or selamat malam (good evening), and apa kabar? (how are you?). Saying

terima kasih (thank you) after receiving services or favours demonstrate good manner.

When greeting or introducing oneself, smiling, handshake (salam) and slightly nod is a good

gesture. Indonesians smile a lot to initiate contact, it is highly recommended to smile back in return.

When interacting with other people, one should avoid expressing negative air of resentment,

arrogance or hostility. Smiling, even toward strangers that you are interacting with, or someone that

accidentally met your eyes, is considered polite and could be a social ice-breaker and to sign that you

are approachable. Probably that is why Indonesians are rated highly as the most smiling people in the

world.

A medium to soft handshake grip is sufficient, since gripping too hard could be considered rude

or an act of aggression. Indonesians may not shake hand as firmly as their Western counterparts.[11]

Salam is also a standard greeting between Muslims, and it would perhaps be considered polite to

follow this form of salutation. Generally in salam, the equivalent of the handshake is to proffer both

hands and gently touch your counterpart’s extended hands, before finally bringing one’s hands back

to the chest to demonstrate that you welcome from the heart.

In certain cultures with significant Hindu-Buddhist heritage such as Bali, Java and Lombok —

it is common to perform sembah; to greet by clasped two hands together in front of the chest while

slightly bowing. Traced to Dharmic Añjali Mudrā, it is the same as Indian namaste, Thai wai and

Cambodian sampeah gesture, and preferred especially among Javanese and Balinese people

Indonesians are family and community oriented. Several ethnic group has knit-tight relations

that its member are expected to involve actively in many of their community events. Social harmony

and spirit of cooperation is nurtured, as embodied in the tradition of decision by consensus

(musyawarah-mufakat), and the long-established pattern of mutual assistance (gotong-royong).

Senior is expected to make group decisions, although Indonesians are advocates of group discussion

and consensus. This ties back to the idea of maintaining strong group cohesiveness and harmonious

relationships. Individualism, especially among traditional community is considered arrogance and

shunned upon. Politeness as well as respect, modesty and loyalty, is prevalent in the culture.

During a dinner or luncheon invitation, the oldest man, most senior family member, or the

honored host, has the right to initiate the meal, followed by the rest of the family and guests to help

themselves to the dishes. Indonesian meals are commonly eaten with the combination of a spoon in

the right hand and fork in the left hand to push the food onto the spoon. Knife however, is absent

from dining table, thus most of the ingredients such as vegetables and meat are already cut into bite-

size pieces prior to cooking.

In many parts of the country, it is quite common to eat with one's bare hands. In traditional

restaurants or households that commonly use bare hands to eat, such as Sundanese and Padang

restaurants, they usually serve kobokan, a bowl of tap water with a slice of lime in it to give a fresh

scent. This bowl of water should not be consumed, rather it is used to wash one's hand before and

after eating. In some restaurants, one may be required to share a table; yet involving in conversation

with strangers that shares table is not necessary, a smile and a slight nod during initiate contact is

sufficient.

Indonesia is a Muslim majority country, so a majority of Indonesians observe halal dietary law

which prohibits the consumption of pork and alcohol. During the days of Ramadhan, one should

refrain from eating in front of a Muslim colleague, or avoid inviting them to join for a meal, as

Muslims typically fast and refrain from drinking and smoking during the day.

Recommendation

Both Japanese and Indonesia has their own unique culture and etiquette of how to behave

properly. As for Indonesian people, the great lesson that we can take from Japanese etiquette is how

they valued time so much by always come in time. As Indonesian people are considered poor in time

management. We should valued time much more serious as time cannot be played back.

3. Company Visit Analysis

The Clean Authority of Tokyo

The Clean Authority of Tokyo is aspecial purpose municipal body established by the consensus

of the 23 Cities in Japan, based on the Local Autonomy Act, in order to deal with joint waste

management around this 23 Cities in Japan. 23 Cities and the Clean Authority of Tokyo have

consigned the landfill disposal operation to the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, which has

established and managed landfill disposal sites.

Shin-Koto Inceneration Plant

Under The Clean Authority of Tokyo, Shin-Koto Incineration Plant equipped with the state-of-

the-art air pollution preventive facilities plays an important role of processing waste produced within

23 cities in Tokyo. Influence exerted on the environment by human activities has become one of the

global issues. Waste disposal is part of such an issue. In order to bring a solution to the issue, it is

important to reduce waste as little as possible and promote the recycling of waste as a resource. Waste

must be processed with a proper manner. In General, Shin-Koto Inceneration Plant prevent any

bacteria, vermin and foul odor, and maintains a sanitary environment by inceneratin waste. Its colume

is reduced to appoximately one-twentieth its original size. By recycling a part of bottom ash into

cement materials, and by melting it into slag, the amount going to the landfill is further reduced.

Emission of hazardous substances within exhaust and waste water from the incineration plants

is controlled and reduced to lower impact on th environtment. Power generation and heat supply are

performed using the heat energy of waste incneration

Shin-Koto Inceneration Plant Overview

Site area : 61.000m

Incineration : 1.800ton/day

Construction Cost : 8 Billion yen approximately

Completed : September 1998

Building Scale : Reinforced concrete (partially iron framed), nine stories

above (partially one under) the ground.

Building Site : 28.000m2 approximately

Total Floor Area : 77.000m2 approximately

Stack : Outer cylinder reinforced concrete made.

Inner cylinder: stainess steel sheet made.

Height : 150m

Equipment and Specification

Incineratior : Fully continuous incineration, fire grate type.

600ton/day x 3 units.

Boiler : Natural circulation type water pipe boiler with heater.

Maximum steam generated 121.3ton/hour x 3 units.

Turbine Generator : Bleeder condensing turbine 50.000kW x 1 unit.

Dust Collector : Bug filter dust collector.

Volume of treated exhaust gas is 200.000Nm3 mx/hour x 3

units.

Refuse bunker : 45.000m2 approximately

Refuse bunker gate : 2 1 double-leafed hinged gates.

Ash bunker : 2.900m3 approximately

Powerr reception equipment : Incoming power coltage 66.000volt, 2 lines.

Features of the Plant

1. National top-class waste disposal plant

The plant is one of the biggest plants in Japan, incinerates 1.800 ton waste per day, totaling

about 400.000 ton a year, and generates 50.000kW with a steam turbine generator.

2. Prevention of airpolution

Equipped with state-of-the-art air pollution preventive facilities, the plant removes most of

hydrogen chloride contained in exhaust, dust, sulfur oxide, and mecury. In addition, it

successfully maintains the emission of dioxins at a much lower level than legally stipulated,

using dioxin removal facilities.

3. Compatible with the global and local environments

Incinerated waste generates heat which is boiler collected to provide steam to generate

electricity by a steam turbine. Collected heat is also supplied to nearby public facilities,

including Yumenoshima House of Tropical Plants Tokyo and Tatsumi International

Swimming Pool Tokyo. And rain failing onto the plant roofs is recycled for use in the plant

and for toilet flushing and water sprinkling. The plant is designed and constructed with the

image of a yacht on the sea to go well with the surrounding environment, including

Yumenoshima Marina.

Incineration waste treatment process

Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances

contained in waste materials. Incineration and other high-temperature waste treatment systems are

described as "thermal treatment". Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas

and heat. The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic constituents of the waste and may take the form

of solid lumps or particulates carried by the flue gas. The flue gases must be cleaned of gaseous and

particulate pollutants before they are dispersed into the atmosphere. In some cases, the heat generated

by incineration can be used to generate electric power.

Incinerators reduce the solid mass of the original waste by 80–85% and the volume (already

compressed somewhat in garbage trucks) by 95–96%, depending on composition and degree of

recovery of materials such as metals from the ash for recycling. This means that while incineration

does not completely replace landfilling, it significantly reduces the necessary volume for disposal.

Garbage trucks often reduce the volume of waste in a built-in compressor before delivery to the

incinerator. Alternatively, at landfills, the volume of the uncompressed garbage can be reduced by

approximately 70% by using a stationary steel compressor, albeit with a significant energy cost. In

many countries, simpler waste compaction is a common practice for compaction at landfills.

Shin-Koto Incineration Plant has several steps to waste treatment process, the steps are:

1. Collection

Each city sets collection days and areas dependng on the type of waste, and conducts efficient

operations drafting operation plants that correspond to seasonal changes and regional trends in

waste amount.

2. Transfer

to ensure efficient transfer, transfer methods are determined based on the type of waste

(combustible, incombustible or large-sized)

a. Combustible waste, is loaded onto collection vehicles (such as compaction type vehicle)

on collectin sites, frim which it is directly transferred to an incineration plant.

b. Incombustaible waste, is referred to either the Chubo Incombustible Waste Processing

Center or the Heihinjima Island Incombustible Waste Processing Center. Since both are

located in the waterfront, some cities have established land or boat transfer stations, where

waste is reloaded onto container vehicles or vessels for relayed transfer. Such relayed

transfer contributes to improved transfer efficiency, reduced traffic congestion, and

allecation of air pollution due to exhaust.

c. Large-sized waste, is delivered to the Large-sized Waste Pulverization Processing Facility.

Cities that have a transfer station conduct relayed transfer by reloading it form smaller

collection vehicles onto larger vehicles.

3. Processing combustible waste

Shin-Koto Inceneration Plant prevent any bacteria, vermin and foul odor, and maintains a

sanitary environment by inceneratin waste. Its colume is reduced to appoximately one-twentieth

its original size. By recycling a part of bottom ash into cement materials, and by melting it into

slag, the amount going to the landfill is further reduced.

4. Recycling bottom ash as raw material for cement

When combustible waste is incinerated, bottom ash and fly ash are generated. Among them,

bottom ash, except for the portion which is melted to make slag, used to be disposed at the

landfill along with fly ash prcessed with chemicals. However, currently the incineration plant

are making effort to utilize it as raw material or cement.

Cement raw material conversion means to transpoort bottom ash to private cement factories by

freight lorries, railway freight and ships in order ro utilize bottom ash as a substitute raw

material for clay, shich is one of the raw materials for portland cement.

5. Putting the heat energy generated from incinerated to beneficial use

Incineration plants use the heat energy generated from waste incineration beneficially in power

generation and in supplying energt. Electricity and hot water produced at plant are used within

faciliies to operate the plant, thereby reducing electrycity purchases and fuel costs. Surplus

electricity is sold to power companies.

6. Incombustible waste pulverized

Before sent to landfill disposal at two incombustible waste processing centers. The process is

devided into pulverization and separation. Incombustible waste is pulverized to reduce is

volume, so that an efficient use of landfill sites is made possible. Incombustible also contaion

recycleale resources, such as ferrous metals nad sluminium, whisch are separated and collected.

7. Large-sized waste is separated into combustible lage-sized waste, such as wooden furniture,

and into incombustible large-sized waste, such as bycycles. The separation work is performed

manually at large-sized waste transfer stations in each city, or at the receiving yard of the Large-

sized Waste Pulverization Processing Facility. Combustible residue after pulverization is

incinerated at the incineration plant, while incombustible residue is ent to landfill disposal sites.

The Problems with the Indonesia’s waste management

Four of Indonesia’s rivers rank among the 20 most polluted in the world in terms of mismanaged

plastic waste measured in metric tons. This makes Indonesia the second-largest contributor to marine

plastic pollution after China. A recent research article, published in the journal Nature

Communications, estimates that between 1.15 million and 2.41 million tonnes of plastic enters the

oceans every year from rivers. Of this, Indonesia is estimated to emit around 200,000 tonnes of plastic

from rivers and streams, mainly from Java and Sumatra.

Plastic debris can kill marine animals that get entangled and drown or starve after they ingest

particles they cannot digest. Toxins leach from plastic as it breaks down, posing health risks for

animals, while also entering the food chain and eventually ending up on our plates.

To stop Indonesia polluting the ocean with plastic it is important to change the country’s land-

based waste management. The study in Nature Communications revealed that “land-based sources,

as opposed to marine-based sources, are considered the dominant input of plastics into oceans”. This

includes mismanaged plastic waste – domestic and commercial – that is discarded, deliberately or

unintentionally, in rivers. One kind of the land-based waste management is by using the incineraion

waste treatment process.

What can Indonesia do?

As mention before, by using the incineraion waste treatment process, not only it can reduce all

the waste that float in the oceans caused by the mismagement of the land-based waste management

system. But with the proper incineration process can brings a lot of benefit for for nature and the

society. The Shin-Koto Incineration Plant In Tokyo Metropolitan Area has shown such benefit not

only for the environment by reducing the pollution caused by the waste that generated by the society

but can also produce other useful materials such as, concrete and electricity that help build the city

and the society into a more advanced and environmental friendly towards the earth.

Another method is by educated the society of how to recycle waste using exercise 3R.

a. Reduce

Reducing what becomes waste. Find ways in everyday life to avoid producing waste. This is

the most important thing. Waste can become a resource, but that alone does not established a

recycling-oriented society.

b. Reuse

Reusing things before disposing of them. Do not throw anything away after using it once! So

many things can be reused with a few ideas or effort. It consumens less resources and energy

than prducing something new.

c. Recycle

Recycle things as resources. What becomes a resource when separated correctly would

become waste if simply thrown away.

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