the after-action review references fm 25-100, training the force, nov 88 fm 25-101, battle focused...
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The After-Action Review
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References
FM 25-100, Training the Force, NOV 88
FM 25-101, Battle Focused Training, SEP 90
TC 25-20, A Leader's Guide to After-Action Reviews, SEP 93
http://call.army.mil/
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AAR versus AAR
After-Action Review After-Action Report
Review = VerbalReport = WrittenThe report should use information
from the review
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What is an AAR?
The AAR is a structured review process that allows training participants to discover for themselves what happened, why it happened, and how it can be done better.
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What is an AAR NOT?
Place to determine “blame”Method to determine success or
failureGrandstandSoapboxBitch session
… even though aspects of each will be present in a good AAR
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Formal AAR
Have external observers and controllers (OCs)
Take more timeUse complex training aidsAre scheduled beforehandAre conducted where best supported
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Informal AAR
Conducted by internal chain of command
Take less timeUse simple training aidsAre conducted when neededAre held at the training site
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Aspects of an AAR
Focus on the training objectives (was the mission accomplished?)
Emphasize meeting Army standards (do not determine winners or losers)
Encourage soldiers to discover important lessons from the training event
Allow a large number of soldiers and leaders (including OPFOR) to participate so that lessons learned can be shared
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When to Conduct an AAR
After each significant training eventAt the conclusion of a large training
eventAfter each training event
emphasized by the chain of command (may be iterative)
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Four Parts of an AAR
1. Review what was supposed to happen (training plan)
2. Establish what happened (to include OPFOR point of view)
3. Determine what was right or wrong with what happened
4. Determine how the task should be done differently next time
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The AAR Process
Step 1. Planning
Step 2. Preparing
Step 3. Conducting
Step 4. Following up (using AAR results)
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Step 1: Planning
Select and train qualified OCsReview the training and evaluation
plan, ARTEP, MTPs, and (STPs) Identify when AARs will occurDetermine who will attend AARsSelect potential AAR sitesChoose training aidsReview the AAR plan
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Step 2: Preparation
Review training objectives, orders, METL, and doctrine
Identify key events OCs are to observeObserve the training and take notesCollect observations from other OCsOrganize observations (identify key
discussion or teaching points) Recon & prepare the selected AAR site
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Step 3: Conduct
Seek maximum participation
Maintain focus on training objectives
Constantly review teaching points
Record key points (assign recorder)
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Step 4: Follow-Up
Identify tasks requiring retraining
Fix the problem – retrain immediately,
revise standing operating procedures
(SOPs), integrate into tutors training
plans
Use to assist in making commander's
assessment
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Actions After an AAR
Commanders update unit METL (T, P, U)
NCOs make notes in leader books to
assess individual and crew performance
Commanders may wish to use an
assessment worksheet to capture
additional information or ideas
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Example of a Training Assessment Worksheet
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Steps to Conduct an AAR
1. Gather all the players
2. Review events leading to the activity
3. Give a brief statement of the specific activity
3. Summarize the key events
4. Encourage participation
5. Have junior leaders restate portions of their part of the activity
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6. Don’t make this a critique or lecture!
Ask why certain actions were taken
Ask how they reacted to certain situations
Ask when actions were initiated
Ask leading & thought-provoking questions
Exchange “war stories” (lessons learned)
“What happened in your own point of view?”
Relate events to subsequent results
Explore alternative courses of actions
Maintain positive focus
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Steps to Conduct an AAR (cont’d)
7. Summarize
8. Allow junior leaders to discuss the events with their people in private
9. Follow up on needed actions
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Detail: Conduct of AAR
1. Introduction and rules
2. Review of objectives and intent
3. Summary of recent events (what happened)
4. Discussion of optional issues 5. Discussion of force protection (safety) 6. Closing comments (summary)
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AAR Techniques
Site selection Near the event Comfortable, but not too comfortable
Training aids Must be appropriate Be judicious – it either helps or hurts
Organize site (horseshoe)
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Conclusion
An AAR, when done right, can make a tremendous impact on your unit. The AAR process, as well as its lessons learned, makes a powerful demonstration to soldiers and subordinate leaders about the value the commander places on meeting Army standards. The non-judgmental quality of the AAR allows us to identify and learn from our mistakes, and let junior leaders take initiative without fear of a zero-defect mentality.