The Age of Invention:

How did the development of steel and oil refining affect American Industry?

What innovations were made in transportation?

How did the innovations in communications technology change business practices and daily life in America?

Why did Thomas Edison want to open a research laboratory, and how did his decision to do so change American life?

Week of Tuesday 11/18

•Today: (GROUPING?) finish discussing DBQ: How Violent was the Old West? •Wednesday 11/19 C 4 sec 2, 3, 4 QUEST (60 points)

In class if time allows: C 5 vocab/ study questions

•Thursday 11/20: IN CLASS WRITING: DBQYou may bring your blue paper with notesYou should also bring the DBQ ITSELF. You need the documents

You may NOT bring any other notes other than the blue paper

•Friday 11/21: Multi Media and LMC for Long term project

Monday 12/1 •Tues 12/2: C 5 sec 1 and 2 terms and questions due

•Thursday 12/11: Rough Draft of Long Term Project Process Paper due

Today: Go over DBQs Continue Discussion of Inventors/ Inventions Find where you wrote down your invention and how you ranked it on a scale from 1-10!

The Age of Invention: You will understand how the development of steel and oil refining affected U.S. Industrywhat innovations were made in transportationhow the innovations in communications technology changed business practices and daily life in Americawhy Thomas Edison wanted to open a research laboratory, and how it changed American life ____________________________________________ You should each have a card with the name of an American invention, year of invention, and inventor. Rate your invention on a scale of 1-10 in terms of the impact that your invention had on American life. Make sure and consider all of the consequences of your invention: political, social and economic. 1 = had very little or no impact on American life10 = had a very significant impact on American life. Make sure that you can justify your answer! (Why did you assign your invention the number that you did?) Make sure that you can put your invention within the greater historical context of the time period: what other events or developments at the same time may have impacted the development of your invention?

Abundant supply of natural resources promised fuel for industrial factories

Improved transportation methods expanded trade from

coast to coast

Opening of international markets

Late 1800s, US experienced a population

shift from rural to urban areas

Immigrants were entering the country in record numbers

Growth in Industrialization was fueled by several factors:

ANNOTATIONS?

Describe the scene.How was this kind of work done before sewing machines were invented?How do you think using sewing machines changed these women’s work?How might widespread use of machines have changed American society?(Positives and Negatives?)

Issac Singer 1851 sewing machineGeorge Pullman 1857 railroad sleeping carWilliam Blackstone 1857 washing machineElisha Otis 1861 elevatorLinus Yale 1861 cylinder lockDr. Richard Gatling 1862 machine gunAlexander Parkes 1862 plasticChristopher Sholes 1867 typewriterJoseph Glidden 1873 barbed wireAlexander Graham Bell 1876 telephoneMelville Bissell 1876 carpet sweeperThomas Edison 1877 cylinder phonographE Muybridge 1877 first moving pictureThomas Edison 1879 incandescent light bulbGustavus Swift 1880 refrigerated RR carJohn Pemberton 1886 Coca-ColaCyrus Field 1886 transatlantic cableAdolph Frick 1887 first contact lensesGeorge Eastman 1888 first lightweight cameraJoshua Pusey 1889 matchbookC & J. Frank Duryea 1893 gasoline powered carW. L. Judson 1893 zipperEdwin Prescott 1893 roller coasterWillis Carrier 1902 air conditionerMary Anderson 1903 windshield wipersOrville &Wilbur Wright 1903 airplaneBenjamin Holt 1904 tractorLester Wise 1912 (red/green) electric traffic light

1794 Cotton Gin 1797 Interchangeable Parts 1803 Spray Gun

1806 Coffee Pot1807 Steamboat 1813 Armored Warship1814 Iron Plough 1817 Erie Canal

1836 Revolver 1840 Paint Tube1842 Ether Anesthesia 1843 Vulcanized Rubber1844 Telegraph1845 False Teeth

1846 Cylinder Printing Press

1859 Oil wellHoratio Alger??

U. S. Patents GrantedU. S. Patents Granted

1790s 276 patents issued. 1790s 276 patents issued.

1990s 1,119,220 patents issued. 1990s 1,119,220 patents issued.

A patent protects an invention for 20 years from the date the patent is applied for with the patent office. The patent number, or the term "patent pending," is placed somewhere on the product or the packaging.

What kept these inventors from obtaining patents on their own?

•Chelsea Lannon invented a diaper with a pocket to hold a baby wipe and baby powder, but she couldn’t get a patent without some help.

•The Thompson sisters, Theresa and Mary, invented a solar tepee and called it a “Wigwarm.” Pretty clever name, but the sisters weren’t able to get a patent on their own.  

•Suzanna Goodin invented an edible spoon-shaped cracker. She even won a grand prize for her invention yet she, too, needed some help to get a patent.  

Why couldn’t these young women get patents on their own? Was it because property laws prevented women from owning property, including patents, during part of the 1700’s and 1800’s?

It was because they weren’t even 10 years old yet!   Young Ms. Lannon was only 8 years old when she invented the diaper with a pocket in 1994, and the Thompson sisters were only 8 and 9 when they invented their solar teepee in 1960. Ms. Goodin was only 6 when she invented her prize-winning edible spoon-shaped cracker.   ______________________________________________________________Thomas Edison was 21 when he received his first patent, which was for a vote counter intended to speed things up in Congress. Margaret Knight was 30 when she invented the machine that makes the square-bottom paper bags in 1871, and that type of bag is still being used today. Alexander Graham Bell was 29 when he invented the telephone in 1876. Mattel co-founder Ruth Handler was 43 years old when she introduced the world to the Barbie Doll in 1959.

Draw a Person (facing forward)

Head Hair

Eyes/ EyebrowsNose MouthEars NeckShirt

Arms and HandsPantsShoes

Pocket/Pattern on ShirtPattern on Pants

Belt

1865 = Steel production = 15,000 tons1910 = Steel production = 25-28 million tons

Oil and Steel Production

Henry Bessemer (US) and William Kelly (GB): perfected hot air pressure method fortransforming iron ore to steel- making steel easy and cost effective. Bessemer Process = 89% of all RR track by 1897.Uses for Steel?

1. Railroads2. Industry3. Bridges4. Construction

Oil Production = Edwin Drake (“Drake’s Folly”)

1859 Titusville, PADrilled down 69 ½ ftWorld’s first commercial oil well

Elijah McCoy?

$100/ ton in 1873 $12/ ton in 1890s

Flatiron Building (1902)23rd St, 5th Ave, Broadway

in May 1854, at the Crystal Palace in New York City, Elisha Otis created public interest with a daring demonstration. He was hoisted high in the air on a platform fitted with his safety feature. When he called for the rope to be cut,the safety device stopped his fall.

Otis received a patent on January 15, 1861 for an "Improvement in Hoisting Apparatus," which is considered the first patent for a modern elevator. He died later that year.

Railroads

Impact of the Bessemer Process = By 1900, more RR tracks in US than Europe and Soviet Union combined

1860 = 30,000 miles of tracks1870 = 52,000 miles of tracks

1900 = 193,000 miles of tracks

Related Innovations:Air Brake (George Westinghouse)

Double sets of tracksSleeping Car (George Pullman) ?

Standard Gauge ?Standard Time

Expansion of the American Railroad

The use of solar time became increasingly awkward as railways and telecommunications improved, because clocks differed between

places depending on their geographical longitude. This problem could be solved by synchronizing the clocks in all localities, but

then in many places the local time would differ markedly from the solar time to which people are accustomed. Time zones are thus a compromise, relaxing the complex geographic dependence while

still allowing local time to approximate the mean solar time

Impact of these Inventions on American Life?

Nikolaus A. Otto

Charles and J. Frank Duryea(Henry Ford)

Orville and Wilbur Wright

Samuel Morse

Alexander Graham Bell

Christopher Shoales

Thomas Alva Edison

George Westinghouse and Nikola Tesla

Vote Recorder (1868)  Printing Telegraph (1869)  Stock Ticker (1869)   Automatic Telegraph (1872)   Electric Pen (1876)   Carbon Telephone Transmitter (1877)   Phonograph (1877)   Dynamo (1879)   Incandescent Electric Lamp (1879)   Electric Motor (1881)   Talking Doll (1886)   Projecting Kinetoscope film projector (1897)   Storage Battery (1900)

“I have not failed. I have merely found 10,000 ways that won’t work.”

“I will deliver a minor invention every ten days and a big thing

every six months or so”

The Phonograph (1877)

The Phonograph (1877)

The Motion Picture Camera(1888)

Thomas Alva Edison

1,093 U.S. patents

“To invent, you need a good imagination and a pile of junk.” – Thomas

Alva Edison

Alternate CurrentAlternate Current

George Westinghouse

George Westinghouse

Westinghouse Lamp ad

AC systems overcame the limitations of the direct current system used by Thomas Edison to distribute electricity efficiently over long distances.

“Model T” Prices & Sales“Model T” Prices & Sales

I want to pay my workers so that they can afford my product!- Henry Ford

“Model T “introduced October 1, 1908

Alexander

Graham Bell

Alexander

Graham BellNew York- Chicago long distance line1892

Telephone1876

Telephone1876

Positive and Negative Impact of the Railroad Industry on American Life?

Positives?

Negatives?

1. Made possible the rapid growth of industry2. Created new ways to manage business3. Opened settlement of the West4. Urbanization

1. With consolidation, competition is limited2. With consolidation, prices will rise3. Rebates and Pools4. Urbanization

“The railroads are not run for the benefit of the public. that cry is all nonsense. They are built for men who invest theirmoney and expect to get a fair percentage on the same.

- Cornelius Vanderbilt

Notes (Write this somewhere)