the age of jackson
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The Age of Jackson. Essential Question. How did political beliefs and events shape Andrew Jackson’s presidency?. Disputed Election of 1824. 4 candidates – all Republicans John Quincy Adams – New England Henry Clay – West Andrew Jackson – West William Crawford – South. The “Corrupt Bargain”. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Age of Jackson
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Essential Question
• How did political beliefs and events shape Andrew Jackson’s presidency?
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Disputed Election of 1824
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4 candidates – all RepublicansJohn Quincy Adams – New England
Henry Clay – WestAndrew Jackson – West
William Crawford – South
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The “Corrupt Bargain”
• No clear winner of election of 1824• Andrew Jackson won popular vote
but not majority• House of Representatives has to
choose President
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The “Corrupt Bargain”•Henry Clay
urges his supporters to vote for Adams
•Adams wins, appoints Clay Sec. of State
•Jackson accuses Clay and Adams of corruption
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John Quincy Adams• An unpopular
President• Americans are mad
about election• Makes it hard for
Adams to accomplish anything meaningful as President
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Election of 1828
Adams vs. Jackson
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Election of 1828
• Bitter campaign• Jackson wins• Seen as a victory
for the “common man” – farmers in the West and South, & factory workers in the East
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Jackson in the White House
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Andrew Jackson•Tough fighter•Self-made man:
»Lawyer»War hero – War
of 1812 (Battle of New Orleans)
»Good leader»“Old Hickory” –
tough as the wood of a hickory tree
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The Spoils System
• Spoils System Rewarding supporters with gov’t jobs • Jackson fired many gov’t employees and
put his supporters in office• Critics claimed these people were
unqualified for service• Jackson said he was expanding
democracy by letting more citizens participate in gov’t
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“Kitchen Cabinet”•Some supporters
were awarded Cabinet posts•Only Martin van
Buren was qualified•Instead of meeting
with official Cabinet, Jackson would meet with unofficial advisors in White House kitchen (newspaper editors and Democratic leaders)
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The Bank Wars
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Essential Question
• Why did Andrew Jackson want to close the Bank of the United States?
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Mr. Biddle’s BankNicholas Biddle was
president of the Bank of the United States – great power
Jackson saw Bank as undemocratic
Jackson vetoes bank charter renewal
Said Bank of US unconstitutional and bank helped only the rich
Clay runs against Jackson in 1832 – Jackson wins
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Bank Closes
• Government money deposited into state banks
• Pet Banks – banks controlled by Sec. of Treasury Roger Taney or his friends
• Bank of United States closes in 1836
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Crisis Over Tariffs
• 1828 – Congress passes highest tariff
• Southerners call it “Tariff of Abomination”
• Hurts planters
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The Nullification Crisis• nullification – states can nullify
(cancel) a federal law that is unconstitutional
• 1832 – Congress passed new tariff that was lower than before
• South Carolina threatens to secede (withdrawal from Union) if challenged on nullification
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Making ConnectionsBased on the following quote, why did Andrew Jackson want to close the Bank of the United
States?“When the laws…make the rich richer and the potent more powerful, the humble members of
society…who (lack)…the means of securing like favors to themselves, have a right to complain of
the injustice of their government”
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Conflicts Over Land
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Essential Question
• How did Andrew Jackson’s presidency affect Native Americans?
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Tragedy for Native Americans• White settlers wanted more land from
the Indians• 1828 – Georgia claimed the right to
make laws for Cherokee nation
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1832 – Indian Removal Act
• Forced many Native Americans to move west of Mississippi River
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Worcester v. Georgia• Cherokee’s went to
court to defend rights
• 1832 – Worcester v. Georgia
• Chief Justice John Marshall rules in favor of the Cherokees
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Trail of Tears
• 1838 – US Army drives 15,000 Cherokees westward
• Little food or shelter
• 25% casualties
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The Presidency After Jackson
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Panic of 1837
• 1830s – gov’t sold millions of acres of public land in the West
• State banks print more paper money – not backed by gold/silver
• Paper money couldn’t be exchanged, banks closed
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Economic Depression
• Cotton prices drop and the panic worsens
• Lasts 3 years – 90% of factories close
• Martin Van Buren – takes little action (laissez faire)
• Cuts back on government expenses