the aim of the dc [2] - espace.library.uq.edu.au179744/friday_zhuppt.pdf · diagnosis, therapy and...
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The aim of the DC [2]
The current situation
About Metadata
A new type of information-structured data,is defined commonly as “Data about data”. Dublin Core Metadata Element Set (DC) was initiated in 1995 by the OCLC (USA Online Catalog Library Center) and NCSA (the United States Center for Supercomputing Applications).
About Metadata
The aim of DC is to search and acquire
the needed information rapidly through
description, collection and organization
of the information resources by using
simple identifications.
The aim of DC [2]
Study on the organization of Internet
information has been a research focus in
the field of information management. During
recent 10 years, DC-m has been rapidly
developed and applied in many fields
including medical information of many
digital resource organizations.
Current situation [3]
[6] [7]
[8]
[9]
[4] [5]
However, up till now, there has been
no report on standard metadata
scheme profile for Chinese health
resources.[10]
The problems and challenge
What we want
Problems and Challenge
Rapid development of Internet and thecomputer technology.
(1)
Growth of the digitalized Chinesebiomedical health resources.
(2)
Due to the fact that the information on the
Internet is dynamic and disordered,
searching and utilization of Chinese
digital health resources has become
difficult.
(3)
Problems and Challenge
What we want
The aim of this research is to establish aset of Chinese medical metadataapplication schema based on DC for theuse of organizing, searching and utilizingboth the present Chinese digitalizedmedical information and those fromInternet.
What we want
It is named CDHR-m (Chinese DigitalHealth Resources Metadata), which can befitted to the characteristics ofcontemporary medical information and beapplied to network and digital medicalinformation resources.
MCM
EMB
MeSH
CISMeF
To define DC as a standard metadata scheme for CDHR-m
To establish the contents of CDHS-m coding schemes
To select and determine the project of description object for CDHR-m
To analyze the factors of contents description objects for CDHR-m
The first reason ( for selecting DC)
DC-m has been repeatedly revised,and improved to become anappropriate and mature internationalmetadata standard.
(1)
It has been widely used in many fields
in the past ten years.
(2)
Selecting DC as a standard metadata scheme for Chinese health resources
It has to be adaptive to the regulation,
standardization, internationalization and
the principle of interoperability.
(3)
[11]
The first reason ( for selecting DC)
The 2nd reason:
There are a number of foreign-basedmedical meta-data DC projects whichare sophisticated enough to be used asa model for Chinese digital healthresources regarding to consultation,reference, reusing and nesting whencreating CDHR-m.
[12]
The 3rd reason:The present model: "Chinese journalsmetadata to describe the rules of therecorded” has just been widely used inChina, and it is based on the DCmetadata standard. Therefore, there is aready-made sample DC-based localmetadata to provide CDHS-m of thereference reuse.
[13]
Establishment of the Contents ofCDHS-m Coding Schemes
Not “matching directly”
CDHR-m based on DC-metadata
International standards
Highly condensed summary
Not "exhaustive”
Advantages
Disadvantages
Using 15 core elements of DC
metadata merely to interpret and
recapitulate highly specialized
resources is obviously inadequate for
the description of medical literature.
To make The CDHS-m perfect:
Quote the medical MeSH Vocabulary asencoding scheme in the "Subject" elementof the subject coding system.
▲
Use the present foreign several medicalmetadata programs, such as MCM,CISMeF, EBM metadata and NLM-metadata as reference.
▲
Follow the framework of DC providedby the standard coding system.
▲
Consult the “EBMC” and the “EBMS”
(which is used to describe the
evidence-based programs medical
coding system), CLC ( "Chinese
Library Classification 4th edition")
▲
Refer to HL7 (Health Informationtransmission standard).
▲
Selection and Determination of Description Object of CDHR-m
Most of the medical core papers are published in
these selected journals.
(1) Medical journals are selected and defined
as the metadata resources.
one reason: ●
These are the main medical information
resources owing to the fact that they publish
most recent and reliable medical information.[15]
The 2nd reason:●
Many electronic medical journals and books (inboth full text and abstract) are already on theInternet.
The 3rd reason:●
Most of the medical journals are well written and ingood format.
The 4th reason:●
Medical journals are regarded to be
available representation in all types of
medical resources.
The results:
CDHR-m major description object - issuemedical journals
CDHR-m minor description object -theother types : Medical multimedia, networkresources, electronic medical records,medical conferences, various types ofagreements, tele-medicine, and medicalimaging, etc.
Analysis of Factors in CDHR-m
Contents Description Objects
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is theintegration of the best research evidencewith clinical expertise and patient values.An important process of EBM practice isto find significant evidence supported byclinical studies (both primary studies andsecondary studies such as systematicreviews) published in clinical journals ordatabases.[16]
The first factor:
Four elements should be considered when we
put the CDHR-m project as the main content
of evidence-based medicine resources:
CDHR-m
structured abstracts
the degree of evidence
clinical concepts
study types
EBM
EBM
EBM
EBM
An example
Japan's EMB-m (evidence-based medicine
metadata project) , is a comprehensive search for
EBM resources .
the degree of evidence depending on research design
clinical aspects of the study (e.g., pathogenesis,diagnosis, therapy and prognosis)
patients (with or without diseases) interventionsand outcomes.
Therefore, we should absorb experiences
from Japan's EMB-m projects for our
CDHR-M. The CDHR-m proposal should
be consistent with the recognition of
primary and secondary studies for a
comprehensive EBM search tool.
HL7 is a kind of “medical messages datainterchange system”, which was originallydesigned for economic services, mainlyfor the management of medical expensesand hospital information system, but it isin the lack of the contents of the medicalliterature resources.
The second factor:[18]
HL7 (Health level Seven)Standard
[19]
In view of the HL7’s popularization and
application, we should build a national HL7
that not only is under the framework of HL7
standard classification, but also perfect and
modify the content of standard classification,
coding and contents.
It would be the future target that HL7
standards and the medical literature
resources could be shared, exchanged.
One of the interesting work is thatdevelopment of CDHR-m project forclinical care and medical research toprovide more flexible and multi-levelmedical information related to theelements are expected to eventuallybecome the localization part of theHL7 standard.[20]
Medical assistant information is an
important part of health resources.
[21]
The third factor:
such as★ Author information
★ The reference information
★ The information of Fund
name, unit, address, telephone no., brief introduction — can supply personal information of author himself;
can indicate that the scope and depth of author's thesis, as well as its citation situation;
supply resource evaluation, the level of itspublication, impact factor, factor, etc.) and giveus the information about the scientific andtechnological content and quality positioning.
Outcome
Article supporting comprehensive medical assistant information can not only help readers quickly and efficiently catch the idea of content, but also play an important role in information transmission, communication, retrospective retrieval, bibliometrics and statistics.[22]
Effect The fund support information availablehelps us to know the types of support,intensity, distribution (geographical or major)and et.al, in order to provide this integratedinformation content to the government or therelevant departments in accordance withdecision-making.
Effect
Setting up the Chinese Medical Professionalexpert’s database system is useful in termsof author’s personal information. Meanwhilethe medical assistant informationdescription will become important factor tobe considered in CDHR-M.
Numerous types of multimedia springing up
The fourth factor
The remote medical
major medical network protocol
The medical home
Medical digital images
Audio and video, bio-signal graph
Electronic medical records
Other non-text form special
Health informationresources
This is the main characteristic of medical resources digitization .[23]
Review
The application of DC metadata has a strong
advantage in the description and organization
of such resources. There are three medical
metadata proposals in the world: MCM,
CISMeF and EBM. All of them have expanded
from original DC. type restrictions.
The MCM metadata created 35 sub-elements;
The CISMeF metadata has resource type 20added, which covered all of the networkresource types.
The EBM metadata reused all types of DCmetadata description in resources elements ofboth MCM and CISMeF.
The MeSH Thesaurus is used in more thanhalf of the selected words.
CDHR-M
MCM-m
CISMeF-m
EBM-m
MeSH
selected words.
The name of metada element Element Refinement Encoding Scheme
Title alternative
Creator modeinstitution or personalcreator resume
Subjectkeywordsubjectclassification no.
MeSH、CLC 4ed.EBMC*EBMS* HL7
A set of CDHR-m
Description
Content description catalog(contents)abstract:objectives,design,method & material,result,concultion 循证医学:
system reviews、meta-analysis、RCT、clinical trialHL7 :patients management info.、医嘱处理信息、临床观察信息、医疗病案管
理、医疗咨询服务信息、财务管理信息;Fund class: commentary structure description:paragraph,table,graph,chart,formula,footnote,comment,links,thanks,sub-title(1-4 level)
URL
Publisher Name of pub.,ad.,postalcode,E-mail, mail code、tel number
Contributor editor in charge
Date Date createdDate validDate availableDate issuedDate modifiedDate acceptedDate copyrightDate submitted
ISO8601[W3CDTF] (YYYY-MM-D)
To be continued
Type
Biblioguaphies(Medline)Clinical ConferenceClinical TrialComment Consensus Development ConferenceIndex of name’s addressDirectoryEditorialDegree PaperMulticenter studyReviewReview of Reported Electric CasesReview TutorialTechnical ReportHealth News(Internet)Full Text JournalsAbstractsHomepageDecision ToolsRadiographs(CT、DR、MRI、PET-CT)Ultrasound ImagesPath ImagesClinical ImagesDatabasesMedical ViewAudioVidioProceduresMeetingsTextbooksMeeting ReportsMedical ForumsMedical EducationPatient EducationExpert Advise
DCMIType[DCMIType]MCMType、Medline-PT
Format Extentmedium
IMT(for the type of network。MIME)
Identifier Reference list :name of journal,ISSN,yy-mm-dd;ISSNISBN
URI URL DOI SICI ISSN ISBN DOI
To be continued
Source URI
Relation
isVersionOfhasVersionisRelacedByisreplacesisRequiredByRequiresis Part Ofhas Part OfisReferencedByreferencesisFormat Of
DCMIType[DCMIType]MCMType、Medline-PT
Coverage (spatial)(temporal) Period,W3CEDTF
Right access Right
Resource Rating
scientific and technological paper citation database, influencing factor, keyword journal,
Audience medical personnel, patients and others
Article Classification
article, comment, case report, review, clinical research, et al.
To be continued
The CDHR-M aims at establishing DC metadata
model designing to look for a new method of
organizing and searching Chinese health
resources. Currently it is on the development stage
and it is only a rough idea. There is still a lot to be
done for its establishment and improvements.
More efforts need to be made in terms of
the metadata element model of CDHR-M
and medical experts from decision-making
body of the government are required to
make deep research on its work, so as to
provide a scientific basis for the
development of the standard of CDHR
medical metadata.
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E-mail:[email protected]
Thank You!