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CONTRIBUTION TO THE AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE

1774 The Count of /Wilda, the Spanish Ambassador in Paris, is informed by Stormont, the English envoy, about the growing rebellion of the colonists in America.

1775 Aranda writes to the Minister Grimaldi regarding conversations held with French Ministers concerning the situation of England in the colonies.

1775 Russia reinforces its troops in America to help England.

1775 The Continental Congest, on a propo-sal by Jefferson, rejects the sterling and adopts the "Spanish dollar" as its basic monetary unit. The dollar sign (5) is taken from the pillars of the Spanish hnperial coat of arms with the motto 'Plus Ultra".

1776 JUNE. GRIAIAWI INFORMS ARAN-DA THAT KING CARLOS THE -THIRD HAS GRANTED ECONOMIC HELP AND ARMS TO THE NORTH AMERICAN COLONISTS AND WILL SEND THEM 1 MILLION - TURIN POUNDS, ABOUT 5 MILLION DOLLARS' AS A FIRST INSTALL-MENT.

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE SPANISH HERITAGE

1492 OCTOBER 12TH. DISCOVERY OF THE NEW WORLD BY CHRISTO-PHER COLUMBUS FOR THE CROWN OF CASTILLE.

1493 Queen Isabel sends with Christopher Columbus the first weds of wheat, oranges, vines, lemons, rice and the first bones, cattle, sheep, pigs and fowl for the New World.

1512 PONCE DE LEON DISCOVERS FLORIDA.

reff Spain had not existed hoe years aye, there would be no United States today. "

Prof Charles Welcher Lumnis Harvard anzcluate, writer and traveler

1512 -182 3 ICI EUPJON TO THE INDEPENID,NCE

SPAIN:

"Nor think we forget thee maternal,"

Walt Whitman

AND C ON T AMERICAN

1526 Vazquez deton attempts the foundation o a permanent settlement in the Unite States, Miguel de - Gualdape (today South Carolina).

1328 Expedition of Panfilo de Narvaez. With bim goes Alper Nunez Cabeza de Vaca and others. C \Carlos 111 ico

Band (era(

WAS

Toledo

AID 1529 The Narvaez Expedition fails. Survivors are Cabeza de Vaca, Andres Docampo,- tbe negro Estebanillo and Alonso de Castillo Maldonado. Tbey begin to travel on foot and are THE FIRST TO GO FROM COAST TO COAST IN THE UNITED STATES. More than the ten thousand miles in seven years.

1539 Hernando de Soto, Governor of Cuba, sails as the Provincial Governor of Florida. Near Tallahassee be tale rates the First Christmas in the United States.

SPANISH POSSESSIONS' °rondo

_Malaga

Trinidad

..kfer

Cornucopia

77fRIZITORIES EMORED THE 13 COLONIES BY SPANIARDS. IN 17 7 6 .

al11111111W+ Santa fita ME

Madrid ,Augusta

_Alamo

Plaza. Juanita N DAK.

_Medina

S tie o Luna 1777 2nd of January. Franklin presents his credentials to Aranda signed by delega-tes of the Thirteen colonies. It rants Franklin "full power to communicate, to deal and conclude with His Most Catholic ,Majesty the King of Spain . a true and sincere friendship and a firm, inviolable and universal peace. . . . WHEREAS A FRIENDLY AND -COMMERCIAL CONNECTION, BETWEEN THE SUBJECTS OF HIS MOST CATHOLIC MAJESTY AND THE PEOPLE OF THESE STATES, WILL BE BENEFICIAL TO BOTH NATIONS

Santa Lorna TRAILS OF THE SPANISH. nrscovrizeRs 13 t.zen.,a'

San Ignacio

0 Varidc,

Santo tics MO NT. t

VlIzcacw

Echeta flleaba

JVIa Zartita M: Isir 1539 Fray Marcos de Niza discovers New Mexico and Arizona. Oro find ildriart

( 513taj To

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1-, eon ci

, Alfalfa

Paulinet

13orictriza

CasCo

Cenitiria S C .

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ftvante S4""151. Donau S DAK.

153943 De Soto and his companions travel through the territories of Florida, Georgia, Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, Louswna and North East Texas.

Carmen a. 6 L ,,atkie

:111AHD

,104eSa Lima

Lorenzo

1540 FRANCISCO VAZQUEZ DE CORO- NADO leaves Culiacan with Fray Marcos. Arrives to the Seven Cities and at Acoma. Hears about the Grand Canyon in Colorado, but Pedro de - Tovar is the first European to loot at it.

Granada 1777 SPAIN OFFERED LA FAYETTE THE USE OF THE PORT OF PASA-JES AS WELL AS THE FRIGATE "VICTORIA", as France bad refused him the authorization to join the -American rebels in their struggle for independence.

1778 Spanish attempts to intercede with England, BUT UNDER THE CONDI-TION THAT INDEPENDENCE IS -GRANTED TO THE UNITED STA-TES. ENGLAND DOES NOT ACCEPT.

Alma Lima Colianbi a

Po to Si Cor► le Ventura

lire°

ficequia. 1543 JUAN RODRIGUEZ CABRILLO

explores the coasts of Oregon.

1543 Ferrel°, the pilot of Rodriguez -Cabrillo, reaches the 44th Parallel. (State of Washington).

1559 Expedition of Tristan de Luna to Florida.

1560 Fray Francisco de Pareja founds the first Church in North America, where later San Agustin will be located.

1565 SEPTEMBER 8TH. PEDRO MENEN-DEZ DE AVILES FOUNDS THE CITY OF SAN AGUSTIN; THE FIRST IN NORTH AMERICA. (IT WAS DES-TROYED BY DRAKE IN 1186).

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- 1779 DECLARATION OF WAR BY SPAIN ON ENGLAND. This country now p roposes that if Spain does not - intervene in the conflict with the colonists, it will give back Gibraltar and the Floridas and it will concede fishing Ott in Newfoundland. Spain does not accept the offer.

1779 BERNARDO DE GA LVEZ takes Baton Rouge and Saumirre.

1780 The Spanish squadrons fight with England on all fronts: Caligal attacks the Bahamas; Solano operates in American waters with twelve ships; in the Azores Cordoba takes 70 En- glish merchantmen; the Battle of Cape Espartel takes place. won by Spain; the Siege of Gibraltar starts, led by the great Bercelo, which prevents rein- forcements reaching the English troops, in America, who are practically isolated as a result of the Spanish action.

1781 Bernardo de Galvez, with Francisco de Miranda, occupies Mobile and Pen-sacola. General Campbell and Admiral Chester, with ten thousand soldiers, are eta:en prisoners by the Spanish f

1781 The Governor of Cuba, aware of the difficulties of the Americans due to lack of resources, opens a subscription in Havana and sends them one and a half million pounds, arms, clothes, uniforms and men. TWELVE SPANISH SHIPS LEAVE HAVANA FOR AME-RICA JUST BEFORE THE DECISIVE BATTLE OF YORKTOWN.

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nish)%oic 1598 4TH OF JULY. MARRIAGE OF VICENTE SOLANO AND MARIA VISCENTE; THE FIRST FAMILY TO BE REGISTERED IN THE NORTH AMERICAN NATIONAL ARCHIVES.

MO. De Soto lk ANS.

Quivira Iberia

Isabel Galena Avail Sealanle lonso

Cadiz Vanilla Nobles

La Sci 1598 Juan de Oriate conquers New Mexico

and founds the second city of the - United States, San Gabriel de los Espa-noles - today Chamita - to the north of Santa Fe.

LctsVegas I ntura

San pernaraiwiTard° es ramose.

an. Fernando Cadiz

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a

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San fineelo

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1598 SEBASTIAN VIZCAINO travels through the northen part of California.

San Triana ,Aragon

Gordo villa

ALA ,

1602 First legal proceeding in the United States in San Agustin. de Espana

San jua, C43 pistrat- o

Retnona Dte 0 je

Snitlllo Junipe 1605 ORATE FOUNDS THE CITY OF

SANTA FE, TODAY SAN FRANCIS-CO.

Celeste 6 _A. . ..Matiinez

eARtirserOULAPIO to e Soto

Flora Verbena ia

67 Nuaeg, _Almer

Clara Anacjucia DolorosoA ills

Luevas ungA

Ttin i Ca and it all started ...

October 1,2, 1492_ 1706 Foundation of the City of Alburquer-que.

1717 Father Kino finishes his work in Arizona.

to MISS. A

Alto

LA Toro

1769 FRAY JUNIPERO SERKA FOUNDS HIS FIRST MISSION, SAN DIEGO DE ALCALA. DV

1F0104,WASIDO SO TO 1781 John Jay drafts the first project of the

Treaty. Writes to Floridablanca; The impressions made upon the United States by the magnaminity of His Majesty's conduct toward them THAT I HE UNITED STATES - GUARANTEE TO HIS MOST CATHO-LIC MAJESTY ,4LL HIS DOMINIONS IN NORTH AMERICA .

tni(t665) San Sab 1769 Gaspar de Portola discovers the Bay of

San Francisco. Iberia

moms* DU

Bandera Cristebal

San intonio Afilania

Loma/Ilia

San Jacinto GOsikkY 1770 Fray Junipero founds San Carlos

Borromeo. The dominicans also come into California, but the work of Fray Junipero continues until his death in 1784. In all he left 21 missions and made the Russians to withdraw to their posessions in Alaska.

1775 Bruno de Heceta discovers the -Columbus River which be calls San Roque.

1776 The Mission of San Francisco is -founded.

1780 Thomas Jefferson establishes Spanish as a foreign language in William and Mary College, Williamsburg.

1781 FOUNDATION OF LOS ANGELES BY FELIPE DE NEVE.

' ,a31.113=5145 1782 Bernardo de Calves ("the falcon on the river") sends troops to attack Saint Louis in Illinois. They also attack the English in Ohio.

1782 After Yorktown, England tries to regroup its forces in the Bahamas. The Spanish squadron battles and defeats Admiral Maxwell and occupy the Bahamas.

eYW S' ele to Candelaria

flguajilueira Dulce of Veragua

)(A ira/ o the Ocean Sea

Descendant of the Discoverer f

1782 North America signs a peace with England. Spain and France carry on fighting another eleven months, up until the Peace of Versailles.

Elsa .frterce

1784 The Congress of the United States of America appoints as Plenipotentia-ri•s to the Court of Spain, for a new Treaty. JOHN ADAMS, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN AND THOMAS JEFFER-SON.

1784 The Spanish Royal Academy of History names Benjamin Franklin a Corres-ponding Member.

1786 Foundation of Santa Barbara and -another four missions.

1792 Explorations of the coasts of Columbia and Alaska by Fidalgo, Alcala Galiano and Valdes, who are joined by Captain Cook.

1785 Letters from Washington to Florida-blanca and Gardoqui thanking King Carlos and presenting him gifts of a pair of nodes and a blanket of vicuna.

1789 George Washington's inauguration In the parade, nu his WI, the Spanish Ambassador Gardoqui The Spanish warship. Cal;:•ston, the only one of ns km/ u, the Part of New lark, to ,aloe George Washington

1817 FOUNDATION OF SAN GABRIEL ARCANGEL IN CALIFORNIA.

1821 Spanish rule in Texas ends. San Agustin is given over to the United States

1823 4TH OF JULY. FATHER ALTAMIRA FOUNDS THE MISSION OF SAN FRANCISCO SOLANO, IN SONOMA. Jeals.D. 9'

eciromemendel, ;5 Created specially for the Bicentenial by ALEJANDRO DE SE with the collaboration of Dr. GASTON BAQUERO, ProLCARLTON SPRAGUE SMITH AND LUIS LOPEZ BALLESTEROS. Published in Madrid, Spain, May 1976, by FRANCISCO DAUNIS k @modistes. Copyright by Aieisiodso d. Muns,1976. All rights mare

undo de Soto Minted by EMA/Madlid D L M 17.392/1.976