the american nation chapter 5 – section 2 turmoil over taxation crisis in the colonies, 1745–...
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The American NationThe American Nation
Chapter 5 – Section 2 Turmoil Over Taxation
Crisis in the Colonies, 1745–1775
Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Chapter 5, Section 2
Turmoil Over TaxationTurmoil Over Taxation
Objectives to learn:• How did Britain attempt to ease growing
tensions on the American frontier?• How did the colonists react to new taxes
imposed by Parliament?• Which new colonial leaders emerged as
the conflict with Britain escalated?• What events led to the Boston Massacre?
Chapter 5, Section 2
How did Britain attempt to ease growing tensions on the American frontier?
How did Britain attempt to ease growing tensions on the American frontier?
• After the war, British colonists headed west to claim land.• British colonists fought with the Native American nations in the
Ohio Valley.• Britain sent Lord Jeffrey Amherst to keep order.
• He raised the price of trade goods to Indians.• He allowed settlers on Indian lands.
• In Pontiac’s War, angry Indian nations joined in an attack on British forts in the Ohio country (Fort Detroit).
• Ended when the French told the Indians they could no longer help because they signed a treaty.
• The British issued the Proclamation of 1763, drawing an imaginary line along the Appalachians.
• Colonists were forbidden west of the line.• Colonists had to pay for the additional British troops being sent
to enforce the proclamation. (Daniel Boone)
Pictures of Pontiac’s WarPictures of Pontiac’s War
Pontiac’s War – Honors and Onlevel Pontiac’s War – Honors and Onlevel
• Movie: The War that Began America• Pontiac’s War – Chapter 6 • Proclamation of 1763 – Chapter 8
• Complete “Pontiac’s Advice” puzzle
The cost of the French-Indian War for the Colonists (Britain Pays for the French-Indian War)
The cost of the French-Indian War for the Colonists (Britain Pays for the French-Indian War)
The Proclamation of 1763The Proclamation of 1763
Chapter 5, Section 2
II. Parliament Imposes New TaxesII. Parliament Imposes New Taxes
Colonists settle on Indian lands in the westColonists settle on Indian lands in the west
Pontiac’s War breaks out on the frontierPontiac’s War breaks out on the frontier
Proclamation of 1763 stops settlement in the west
Proclamation of 1763 stops settlement in the west
Stationing British troops in the colonies proves costly
Stationing British troops in the colonies proves costly
British government decides American colonists should help pay for troops
British government decides American colonists should help pay for troops
Sugar and Stamp Acts burden colonists with new taxes
Sugar and Stamp Acts burden colonists with new taxes
Stormy protests break out in many coloniesStormy protests break out in many colonies
Chapter 5, Section 2
How did the colonists react to new taxes imposed by Parliament?
How did the colonists react to new taxes imposed by Parliament?
British Action
Sugar Act of 1764
What It Did
Lowered the tax on molasses; made it easier for British officials to try colonial smugglers.
Colonial Reaction
Stamp Act of 1765
Placed new duties on legal documents; taxed newspapers, almanacs, playing cards, and dice.
• Colonists protested angrily – riots in New York, Boston, Newport, and Charleston.
• Colonists coined the slogan “No Taxation Without Representation.”
• Colonists united. Delegates met in a Stamp Act Congress in Oct. 1765.
• The Congress drew up a petition, a formal written request to someone in authority, signed by a group of people.
• Colonists boycotted, or refused to buy, British goods.
• Parliament repealed, or canceled, the Stamp Act.
Little reaction because their was already a similar tax in place, this tax lowered the previous tax.
Stamp Act History Channel - http://www.history.com/topics/stamp-act/videos#colonists-protest-british-policies
The Sugar ActThe Sugar Act
The Stamp ActThe Stamp Act
Onlevel - Summarize Reactions to the Stamp Act
Onlevel - Summarize Reactions to the Stamp Act
• Read the following:• “Patrick Henry Demands Liberty or
Death”• “James Otis Fights the Stamp Act”
• Summarize:• What were the reactions of Patrick
Henry and James Otis to the Stamp Act
Honors: Reactions to the Stamp ActHonors: Reactions to the Stamp Act
• Read the Stamp Act of 1765• Complete questions #1-3.• What was the reaction of the colonists
to the Stamp Act?• Read the “Speech Against Writs of
Assistance” by James Otis• Complete questions #1-2.
Chapter 5, Section 2
Parliament Imposes New TaxesParliament Imposes New Taxes
British Action
Townshend Acts of 1767
What It Did
• Taxed goods such as glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea.
• Set up new ways to collect taxes, including writs of assistance, legal documents that allowed officers to inspect another person’s property without giving a reason.
Colonial Reaction
• Colonial merchants and planters signed agreement to stop importing taxed goods.
• Sons of Liberty and Daughters of Liberty, conducted mock hangings, petitions, boycotts, and threats.
Protest to Parliament’s lawsProtest to Parliament’s laws
Homework:Homework:
• Honors: Complete the following worksheets in the Chapter 5 – Section 2 packet: • “Patrick Henry”• Connecting History and Literature: “Speech
Against Writs of Assistance”• “The Sons of Liberty”
• Onlevel: Complete the following worksheet in the Chapter 5 – Section 2 packet: “The Sons of Liberty”
Chapter 5, Section 2
Which new colonial leaders emerged as the conflict with Britain escalated?
Which new colonial leaders emerged as the conflict with Britain escalated?
A. Samuel Adams of Massachusetts was a talented organizer. He arranged protests and stirred public support.
B. John Adams of Massachusetts had a knowledge of British law that earned him respect.
C. Mercy Otis Warren of Massachusetts wrote plays that made fun of British officials.
D. Abigail Adams of Massachusetts wrote to spur colonists to action.
E. George Washington of Virginia joined in protesting the Townshend Acts.
F. Patrick Henry of Virginia gave speeches that stirred others to action.
G. Thomas Jefferson of Virginia was a rising law student.
Colonial LeadersColonial Leaders
More Colonial LeadersMore Colonial Leaders
Trouble in New York in 1767Trouble in New York in 1767
• Quartering Act – a law passed by Parliament making colonists provide housing, candles, bedding, and beverages to soldiers stationed in the colonies.
• The New York assembly refused to obey the law and Britain dismissed the assembly in 1767.
The Quartering ActThe Quartering Act
The Quartering Act and the Stamp ActThe Quartering Act and the Stamp Act
Chapter 5, Section 2
What events led to the Boston Massacre?What events led to the Boston Massacre?
• Britain sent soldiers to Boston to protect customs officials.• Bostonians saw the British as bullies and insulted or assaulted the
British soldiers.• On March 5, 1770, Bostonians gathered outside the Boston customs
house, shouting insults and throwing things at the British guards.• Suddenly, panicked soldiers fired into the crowd, killing some colonists.
(Samuel Maverick and Crispus Attuck)• Colonists protested the incident, calling it the Boston Massacre. (ex. Paul
Revere’s engraving, Samuel Adams’ letters)• The soldiers were tried, but John Adams defended them in court and was
able to win light sentences for them.• Samuel Adams formed a committee of correspondence, a group that
regularly wrote letters and pamphlets reporting to other colonies on events in Massachusetts.
• History Channel - http://www.history.com/topics/boston-massacre/videos#boston-massacre
The Townshend Acts and the Boston MassacreThe Townshend Acts and the Boston Massacre
Committee of CorrespondenceCommittee of Correspondence
Onlevel/Honors: The Boston MassacreOnlevel/Honors: The Boston Massacre
• Read “The Boston Massacre”• Answer the questions #1-4.
V. The Boston MassacreV. The Boston Massacre
Quotation by John AdamsQuotation by John Adams
“One of the best pieces of services I ever rendered my country.”~John Adams~
A Temporary Calm in the ColoniesA Temporary Calm in the Colonies
• Townshend Acts were repealed because of British merchants losing money with the boycotts.
• Quartering Act was repealed.• Tea tax remained so King George III and Parliament
could show they could tax the colonies.
Exit TicketExit Ticket
Why did colonists protest against Britain? A. Britain forced colonists to move west B. Britain forced Native Americans to
move west C. Britain forced France to surrender its
land D. Britain taxed the colonists without
their representation
Chapter 5, Section 2
Section 2 AssessmentSection 2 Assessment
Britain’s main reason for taxing the colonies was thata) it expected the colonists to help pay the costs of the French and Indian
War.b) it gave them an excuse to bring smugglers to trial.c) it expected the colonists to pay the costs of the Proclamation of 1763.d) it wanted to make the colonists feel closer to Great Britain.
Colonists said they objected to the Stamp Act and other taxes mainly becausea) the taxes were too high.b) the taxes would not go to help the colonies.c) the tax laws were passed by a Parliament in which colonists had no
representatives.d) the taxes were too low to do any good.
Want to connect to the American History link for this section? Click here.
Chapter 5, Section 2
Section 2 AssessmentSection 2 Assessment
Britain’s main reason for taxing the colonies was thata) it expected the colonists to help pay the costs of the French and Indian
War.b) it gave them an excuse to bring smugglers to trial.c) it expected the colonists to pay the costs of the Proclamation of 1763.d) it wanted to make the colonists feel closer to Great Britain.
Colonists said they objected to the Stamp Act and other taxes mainly becausea) the taxes were too high.b) the taxes would not go to help the colonies.c) the tax laws were passed by a Parliament in which colonists had no
representatives.d) the taxes were too low to do any good.
Want to connect to the American History link for this section? Click here.
John Adams MovieJohn Adams Movie
• DVD 1 – Episode 1 – Join or Die – 30 min.• Boston Massacre• John Adams defending the British
soldiers in court• Write key words down.• Write a summary of important topics.