the american nation chapter 6- section 3 struggles in the middle states the american revolution...
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The American NationThe American Nation
Chapter 6- Section 3Struggles in the Middle States
The American Revolution1775–1783
Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Chapter 6, Section 3
Struggles in the Middle StatesStruggles in the Middle States
Objectives to learn:• How did the Continental Army gain control
of Boston?• What battles were fought in New York and
New Jersey?• How did the Battle of Saratoga mark a
turning point in the war?• What hardships did the Continental Army
suffer at Valley Forge?
American Revolution Battle PresentationsAmerican Revolution Battle Presentations
• Bunker Hill (June 1775)• Battle of Fort Ticonderoga/ Invasion of
Canada (May 1775)
Battle for Canada (September-December 1775) – NOT IN YOUR BOOK!!!
Battle for Canada (September-December 1775) – NOT IN YOUR BOOK!!!
• Why? – Americans want to make Canada the 14th colony
• Americans commanded by Colonel Benedict Arnold and Brigadier General Richard Montgomery
• November 13, 1775 - Montgomery captured Montreal from Arnold
• December 31, 1775 - Montgomery attacked Quebec in the middle of a snowstorm.• Montgomery was killed and Arnold was
wounded.• May 1776 - Americans were forced to retreat back to
Fort Ticonderoga.
Montgomery capturing MontrealMontgomery capturing Montreal
Benedict Arnold and his voyage to QuebecBenedict Arnold and his voyage to Quebec
Death of Montgomery, Arnold’s retreat,Death of Montgomery, Arnold’s retreat,
History Channel – The American RevolutionHistory Channel – The American Revolution
DVD 1 - 1776• Guns of Ticonderoga• March to Quebec• Key to Canada
The Battle of Bunker HillThe Battle of Bunker Hill
Map 1 – Boston TodayMap 1 – Boston Today
Map 2 – Boston in 1775Map 2 – Boston in 1775
Drawing 1: Charlestown Peninsula, June 17, 1775.
Drawing 1: Charlestown Peninsula, June 17, 1775.
Painting 1: Battle of Bunker Hill by Howard Pyle, 1898.
Painting 1: Battle of Bunker Hill by Howard Pyle, 1898.
Photo 1: A miniature showing the redoubt atop Breed's Hill and the colonists waiting for the advancing British
troops, June 17, 1775.
Photo 1: A miniature showing the redoubt atop Breed's Hill and the colonists waiting for the advancing British
troops, June 17, 1775.
Chapter 6, Section 1
The Battle of Bunker HillThe Battle of Bunker Hill
• British troops controlled Boston. Colonial militia surrounded the city.
• Across the river from Boston, minutemen fired on British ships from Bunker Hill/Breed’s Hill under the command of Colonel William Prescott.
• British troops under the command of General William Howe drew near to attack the colonists.
• Hero – General Israel Putnam – “Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes”
• 2 times the colonists turned back British attacks. • With the third attack the British took Bunker Hill and Breed’s Hill,
but they suffered heavy losses.• The Battle of Bunker Hill showed:
1. Americans could fight bravely.2. The British would not be easy to defeat.
The Battle of Bunker Hill Death of Dr. Joseph Warren
The Battle of Bunker Hill Death of Dr. Joseph Warren
History Channel – American Revolution – DVD 1 – Conflict Ignites - Bunker Hill (40:48)
Chapter 6, Section 1
How the Continental Army Gained Control of Boston???
How the Continental Army Gained Control of Boston???
• July 17, 1775 - Washington reached Boston and found 16,000 American untrained troops waiting.
• Washington began to train an army.• January 1776 - The cannon that the Green
Mountain Boys captured arrived in Boston and Washington placed them on Dorchester Heights, overlooking British ships in the harbor.
• March 1776 - British General William Howe spotted the cannon and left Boston for Canada.
• King George III ordered the blockade of colonial ports (Shutting of a port to keep people of supplies from moving in or out.)
• King George III hired mercenaries – Troops for hire
British General William Howe
American Revolution Battle PresentationsAmerican Revolution Battle Presentations
• Long Island – August 1776• Trenton/Princeton – December 25-26, 1776
and January 2-3, 1777)
Chapter 6, Section 3
Battles in New York and New JerseyBattles in New York and New Jersey
Battle
Battle of Long Island
What Happened
Americans were outnumbered and defeated. (August 1776)
Results
The British chased the Americans into Pennsylvania.
Battle of Trenton (Dec. 25 -26, 1776)
On Christmas night, Washington led a surprise attack on Trenton that was held by Hessians.
The Americans took a force of German soldiers (Hessians) prisoner.
Battle of Princeton (Jan. 2-3, 1777)
British General Charles Cornwallis set out to retake Trenton. Washington fooled him and slipped behind his troops to attack other British forces at Princeton.
The victories at Trenton and Princeton gave Americans new hope.
Nathan Hale – a Connecticut officer who was caught and hung for spying behind British lines at the Battle of Long Island.
The Story of Nathan HaleThe Story of Nathan Hale
Battle of Long IslandBattle of Long Island
British troops attacking Long IslandBritish troops attacking Long Island
Battle of Long IslandBattle of Long Island
Retreat of the Americans at Long IslandRetreat of the Americans at Long Island
British troops landing in New YorkBritish troops landing in New York
Battle of TrentonBattle of Trenton
Washington Crossing the DelawareWashington Crossing the Delaware
Washington Leading the attack at TrentonWashington Leading the attack at Trenton
Streets of Trenton during the BattleStreets of Trenton during the Battle
Surrender at Trenton to WashingtonSurrender at Trenton to Washington
Map of the Battle of PrincetonMap of the Battle of Princeton
British attacking at PrincetonBritish attacking at Princeton
Americans at PrincetonAmericans at Princeton
History Channel – The American RevolutionHistory Channel – The American Revolution
• Answer questions while watching acounts of the following battles:• New York – DVD 1 – 1776• Trenton and Princeton – DVD 2 –
Washington & Arnold
American Revolution Battle PresentationsAmerican Revolution Battle Presentations
• Brandywine/Germantown – Fall 1777• Saratoga (Fall 1777)
Map of the Battle of BrandywineMap of the Battle of Brandywine
British attacking at BrandywineBritish attacking at Brandywine
Battle of GermantownBattle of Germantown
British at Chew House at the Battle of Germantown
British at Chew House at the Battle of Germantown
Chapter 6, Section 3
II. Saratoga—A Turning PointII. Saratoga—A Turning Point
A. General John Burgoyne planned to defeat the Americans.B. Three British armies would march on Albany from different directions
and crush American forces.C. General Howe was supposed to capture Philadelphia first, then march
on Albany. Howe retired to Philadelphia instead.D. George Washington and Continental Army retreated to Valley Forge.E. Two British armies under the command of Burgoyne and Barry St.
Leger marched toward Albany. Americans drove Barry St. Leger’s army back at Fort Stanwix (Fort was under the command of Benedict Arnold).
F. Burgoyne’s army was the only one left to march on Albany.1. Burgoyne recaptured Fort Ticonderoga2. At the Battle of Bennington, the Patriots wounded/captured nearly 1,000 British
G. In the Battle of Saratoga, north of Albany, Americans defeated the British. Burgoyne was forced to surrender his entire army.1. Patriot forces were commanded by General Horatio Gates and Benedict Arnold led the forces.
H. The victory boosted American spirits and led France to become one of America’s allies—nations that work together to achieve a common goal.
Maps of the Battle of SaratogaMaps of the Battle of Saratoga
Americans - General Horatio Gates and General Benedict Arnold
Americans - General Horatio Gates and General Benedict Arnold
British - General John Burgoyne and Barry St. Leger
British - General John Burgoyne and Barry St. Leger
Benedict Arnold being wounded at the Battle of Saratoga
Benedict Arnold being wounded at the Battle of Saratoga
Burgoyne surrendering at SaratogaBurgoyne surrendering at Saratoga
Chapter 6, Section 3
II. Saratoga—A Turning PointII. Saratoga—A Turning Point
Conflict between France and Britain increases after the French and Indian War
Conflict between France and Britain increases after the French and Indian War
France and Britain in conflict for many yearsFrance and Britain in conflict for many years
Americans appeal to France for support during the Revolutionary War
Americans appeal to France for support during the Revolutionary War
France gives American rebels money and supplies but stays neutral
France gives American rebels money and supplies but stays neutral
Americans defeat British at SaratogaAmericans defeat British at Saratoga
Victory at Saratoga proves to France that Americans can win
Victory at Saratoga proves to France that Americans can win
France gives military and naval support to American forces
France gives military and naval support to American forces
1775 – Second Continental Congress created a Continental Navy to support the army
Homework: Revolutionary SoldiersHomework: Revolutionary Soldiers
Onlevel• Read “Revolutionary
Soldiers” and complete the multiple-choice questions that go with it. • Discussion in class
• Read “Saratoga: Little People Mess Up Grand Plans.• Write on a separate
sheet of paper with your name on it and one sentence summary of what you read.
• This will be collected.
Honors • Read “Revolutionary
Soldiers” and complete the multiple-choice questions that go with it.
• Read and answer the questions about “Battle of Trenton”• Discussion in class
• Read “Saratoga: Little People Mess Up Grand Plans.
• Write on a separate sheet of paper with your name on it and one sentence summary of what you read.
• This will be collected.
History Channel – American Revolution History Channel – American Revolution
Answer questions about the following accounts of battles:
DVD 2 – Washington & Arnold• Philadelphia – Brandywine/Germantown • Valcour Bay - Bennington• Saratoga
Valley ForgeValley Forge
• Read “Soldiers Life” and “Washington at Valley Forge”• Summarize what life was like at Valley
Forge• Read “European and the American Army”
and complete “Allies” worksheet• Class discussion
Chapter 6, Section 3
Hardships at Valley ForgeHardships at Valley Forge
• Conditions at Valley Forge were harsh:1. Mid-winter snow, mud, and slush2. Damp, drafty huts; frozen ground3. Soldiers poorly clothed; some did not have shoes or coats.4. Soldiers suffered from frostbite and disease5. Poor food6. Transportation for supplies was difficult
• Birth of a new army1. Nathaniel Greene became quartermaster
Valley ForgeValley Forge
Valley ForgeValley Forge
Foreign Allies of the PatriotsForeign Allies of the Patriots
• Marquis de Lafayette – a French noble who brought trained soldiers to help the Patriots; became one of Washington’s most trusted allies
• Friedrick von Steuben – a Prussian who helped train Washington’s troops
• Thaddeus Kosciusko – a Polish officer who helped build forts and other defenses; placed cannons on the cliffs overlooking Saratoga that had a major influence in American victory
• Casimir Pulaski – a Polish officer who helped train cavalry – troops on horseback.
• Ally nations during the war: Netherlands, Spain, and France
• History Channel – American Revolution – France – DVD 2
Chapter 6, Section 3
The War in the Middle StatesThe War in the Middle States
War in New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey
War in New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey
Chapter 6, Section 3
Section 3 AssessmentSection 3 Assessment
One reason the Patriots had to retreat often early in the war was thata) Washington had fewer troops than the British.b) the Patriot navy did most of the fighting.c) Nathan Hale gave away Patriot secrets.d) the war moved away from New England.
The American victory at Saratoga was important because ita) tricked British General Howe away from Philadelphia.b) revealed the spy Nathan Hale.c) took by surprise a force of Germans fighting for England.d) convinced the French to be an ally of the United States.
Want to connect to the American Nation link for this section? Click here.
Chapter 6, Section 3
Section 3 AssessmentSection 3 Assessment
One reason the Patriots had to retreat often early in the war was thata) Washington had fewer troops than the British.b) the Patriot navy did most of the fighting.c) Nathan Hale gave away Patriot secrets.d) the war moved away from New England.
The American victory at Saratoga was important because ita) tricked British General Howe away from Philadelphia.b) revealed the spy Nathan Hale.c) took by surprise a force of Germans fighting for England.d) convinced the French to be an ally of the United States.
Want to connect to the American Nation link for this section? Click here.
HomeworkHomework
• Chapter 6 – Section 3 Study Guide• Read and complete• This will be collected.