the american revolution: 1775-1783
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The American Revolution: 1775-1783. Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY. On the Eve of the Revolution ?. Loyalist Strongholds. Washington’s Headaches. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Ms. Susan M. PojerMs. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua,Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua,
NYNY
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BritainBritain AmericansAmericans
AdvantagesAdvantages ?? ??
DisadvantagesDisadvantages ?? ??
On the Eve of the On the Eve of the Revolution ?Revolution ?
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LoyalistLoyalist
StrongholdStrongholdss
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Washington’s HeadachesWashington’s Headaches
Only 1/3 of the colonists were in favor of a war for independence [the other third were Loyalists, and the final third were neutral].
State/colony loyalties.
Congress couldn’t tax to raise money for the Continental Army.
Poor training [until the arrival of Baron von Steuben.
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Exports & Imports: 1768-Exports & Imports: 1768-17831783
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Military StrategiesMilitary Strategies
Attrition [the Brits had a long supply line].
Guerilla tactics [fight an insurgent war you don’t have to win a battle, just wear the British down]
Make an alliance with one of Britain’s enemies.
The American
s
The British
Break the colonies in half by getting between the No. & the So.
Blockade the ports to prevent the flow of goods and supplies from an ally.
“Divide and Conquer” use the Loyalists.
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Phase IPhase I:: The Northern The Northern CampaignCampaign[1775-1776][1775-1776]
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Bunker Hill (June, 1775)Bunker Hill (June, 1775)
The British suffered over 40% casualties.
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Phase IIPhase II::
NY & PANY & PA[1777-1778][1777-1778]
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New York City in FlamesNew York City in Flames(1776)(1776)
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Washington Crossing the Washington Crossing the DelawareDelaware
Painted by Emanuel Leutze, 1851
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Saratoga: Saratoga: “Turning “Turning Point”Point” of the War? of the War?
A modern-day re-enactment
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Phase IIIPhase III:: The Southern The Southern Strategy Strategy [1780-1781][1780-1781]
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Britain’s “Southern Britain’s “Southern Strategy”Strategy”
Britain thought that there were more Loyalists in the South.
Southern resources were more valuable/worth preserving.
The British win a number of small victories, but cannot pacify the countryside [similar to U. S. failures in Vietnam!]
Good US General:Nathanial Greene
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The Battle of Yorktown The Battle of Yorktown (1781)(1781)
Count de Rochambeau
AdmiralDe Grasse
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Cornwallis’ Surrender at Cornwallis’ Surrender at Yorktown:Yorktown:
Painted by John Trumbull, 1797
““The World Turned Upside The World Turned Upside Down!” Down!”
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North America After theNorth America After theTreaty of Paris, 1783Treaty of Paris, 1783
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WholesaleWholesalePricePriceIndex:Index:1770-1770-17891789
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Federalist vs. Anti-FederalistFederalist vs. Anti-FederalistStrongholds at the End of the Strongholds at the End of the
WarWar
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Weaknesses of theWeaknesses of theArticles of Articles of
ConfederationConfederationA unicameral Congress [9 of 13 votes to pass a law].
13 out of 13 to amend.
Representatives were frequently absent.
Could not tax or raise armies.
No executive or judicial branches.
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State ConstitutionsState ConstitutionsRepublicanism.
Most had strong governors with veto power.
Most had bicameral legislatures.
Property required for voting.
Some had universal white male suffrage.
Most had bills of rights.
Many had a continuation of state-established religions while others disestablished religion.
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Occupational Composition of Occupational Composition of Several State AssembliesSeveral State Assemblies
in the 1780sin the 1780s
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Indian Land Cessions:Indian Land Cessions:1768-17991768-1799
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Disputed Territorial ClaimsDisputed Territorial ClaimsBetween Spain & the U. S.:Between Spain & the U. S.:
1783-17961783-1796
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State Claims to Western State Claims to Western LandsLands
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Land Ordinance of 1785Land Ordinance of 1785
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Northwest Ordinance of Northwest Ordinance of 17871787
One of the major accomplishments of the Confederation Congress!
Statehood achieved in three stages:
1. Congress appointed 3 judges & a governor to govern the territory.
2. When population reached 5,000 adult male landowners elect territorial legislature.
3. When population reached 60,000 elect delegates to a state constitutional convention.
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The United States in The United States in 17871787
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American Exports, To & American Exports, To & From Britain: 1783-1789From Britain: 1783-1789
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Annapolis Convention Annapolis Convention (1786)(1786)
12 representatives from 5 states[NY, NJ, PA, DE, VA]
GOAL address barriers that limited trade and commerce between the states.
Not enough states were represented to make any real progress.
Sent a report to the Congress to call a meeting of all the states to meet in Philadelphia to examine areas broader than just trade and commerce.
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Shays’ Rebellion: 1786-Shays’ Rebellion: 1786-77
Daniel Shays
Western MA
Small farmers angered by crushing debts and taxes.
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Shays’ Rebellion: 1786-Shays’ Rebellion: 1786-77
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Shays’ Rebellion: 1786-Shays’ Rebellion: 1786-77
There could be no stronger evidence of the want of energy in our governments than these disorders.
-- George Washington-- George Washington