the american revolution (ap). thomas paine and “common sense” pamphlet urging separation (&...
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The American RevolutionThe American Revolution(AP)(AP)
Thomas Paine and “Common Thomas Paine and “Common Sense”Sense”
Pamphlet urging Pamphlet urging separation separation (& not (& not reconciliation) from reconciliation) from England.England.
Sold over 120,000 Sold over 120,000 copies in 1copies in 1stst 3-months 3-months
Patrick HenryPatrick Henry
““Give me Liberty, Give me Liberty, or give me death!”or give me death!”
The Radical WhigsThe Radical Whigs Were English radicals who opposed Were English radicals who opposed
the King.the King.
Marginal influence in England, but Marginal influence in England, but very popular in the colonies.very popular in the colonies.
Trenchard and Gordon are most Trenchard and Gordon are most influential.influential.
The Whig View The Whig View English system of govt. is best because its English system of govt. is best because its
“balanced” system best protects people’s “balanced” system best protects people’s liberties.liberties.
If balance is off because of corruption, If balance is off because of corruption, however, then people’s liberties are however, then people’s liberties are threatened.threatened.
They think that George III is corrupt and the They think that George III is corrupt and the system is off.system is off.
Leads to a paranoid view that the king is Leads to a paranoid view that the king is plotting to take away people’s rights, etc.plotting to take away people’s rights, etc.
The EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment Revolutionary leaders influenced by the Revolutionary leaders influenced by the
ideas of the ideas of the enlightenmentenlightenment..
Enlightenment was an intellectual Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that stressed movement that stressed natural rightsnatural rights..
Leaders began to Leaders began to question British rulequestion British rule because they felt that it was infringing because they felt that it was infringing (messing with) their natural rights.(messing with) their natural rights.
Declaration of Declaration of IndependenceIndependence
Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson writes the writes the “Declaration of “Declaration of Independence” in Independence” in 1776.1776.
July 4July 4
PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia
Many of his ideas come from Many of his ideas come from John LockeJohn Locke..
Everybody had Everybody had Natural rightsNatural rights—”Life, —”Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
Purpose of Govt. is to protect Nat. Rights.Purpose of Govt. is to protect Nat. Rights.
Right of people to form new governments Right of people to form new governments if Govt. is not doing its job.if Govt. is not doing its job.
Abigail AdamsAbigail Adams
““Remember The Remember The Ladies”Ladies”
Letter to her Letter to her husband John husband John Adams.Adams.
Turn to pg. 71 in Turn to pg. 71 in your book. your book.
Rights of WomenRights of Women
Married women have very few. All Married women have very few. All property goes to the husband.property goes to the husband.
Only in NJ could they vote.Only in NJ could they vote.
British AdvantagesBritish Advantages
Professional ArmyProfessional Army
Best Navy in the worldBest Navy in the world
1/3 of the colonists 1/3 of the colonists are “are “loyalists” (Tories)loyalists” (Tories)
Slaves and Native Slaves and Native Americans will helpAmericans will help
Advantages of AmericansAdvantages of Americans
Fighting for Fighting for something they something they believe in.believe in.
Fighting on their Fighting on their home turf.home turf.
Leadership of Leadership of George WashingtonGeorge Washington
Problems in FundingProblems in Funding
National Govt. can only ask states for $ (it National Govt. can only ask states for $ (it can’t tax).can’t tax).
Sells BondsSells Bonds
Paper $ (inflation)Paper $ (inflation)
Borrow (Dutch and French)Borrow (Dutch and French)
Washington crossing the Washington crossing the DelawareDelaware
British Failures in 1777British Failures in 1777
Brits had Americans on the Ropes.Brits had Americans on the Ropes.
Brit. General William Howe continually Brit. General William Howe continually allows Washington to retreat and allows Washington to retreat and regroup.regroup.
SaratogaSaratoga—Horatio Gates defeats —Horatio Gates defeats Burgoyne. Burgoyne.
Burgoyne’s Surrender at Burgoyne’s Surrender at SaratogaSaratoga
French HelpFrench Help
After Saratoga—After Saratoga—French form an French form an alliance with alliance with America.America.
Sends navy and Sends navy and troops.troops.
Ben Franklin Ben Franklin
The SouthThe South
Lots of Loyalists.Lots of Loyalists.
Brits. Offer to slaves (Dunmore Brits. Offer to slaves (Dunmore Proclamation).Proclamation).
Nathaniel GreeneNathaniel Greene
YorktownYorktown
1781--Washington and 1781--Washington and French defeat French defeat Cornwallis.Cornwallis.
Decisive defeat in the Decisive defeat in the war; End of major war; End of major fighting.fighting.
Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris (1783) (1783) officially ends war.officially ends war.
Why the Americans wonWhy the Americans won
They fought a They fought a defensive war—avoid defensive war—avoid big defeat.big defeat.
Help from the FrenchHelp from the French
Brits. Get tired.Brits. Get tired.
1776--17831776--1783
Interpreting the RevolutionInterpreting the Revolution
Was the American Revolution a social Was the American Revolution a social or political revolution? Or was it or political revolution? Or was it both?both?
War and SocietyWar and Society Many loyalists leave country (and Many loyalists leave country (and
property) property)
but distribution of wealth did not but distribution of wealth did not change dramatically.change dramatically.
Those that had Social and political Those that had Social and political power, still tended to.power, still tended to.
Impact on ReligionImpact on Religion
Many loyalists had been Anglicans.Many loyalists had been Anglicans.
In Md. And Va. Anglican church was “official” church.In Md. And Va. Anglican church was “official” church.
When Rev. starts, Anglican Church is When Rev. starts, Anglican Church is “Disestablished.” “Disestablished.”
Va. statute of religious freedom (TJ)Va. statute of religious freedom (TJ)
QuakersQuakers
CatholicsCatholics
War and SlaveryWar and Slavery Brits. Offer freedom to slaves (Dunmore Brits. Offer freedom to slaves (Dunmore
Proclamation).Proclamation).
Revolutionary rhetoric (i.e. talk of “liberty”) seems Revolutionary rhetoric (i.e. talk of “liberty”) seems incompatible with slavery to many in North.incompatible with slavery to many in North.
By the end of the rev., most northern states By the end of the rev., most northern states abolish slavery (1777-1804).abolish slavery (1777-1804).
Southern view becomes: slavery helps ensure Southern view becomes: slavery helps ensure “white” liberty.“white” liberty.
War and WomenWar and Women
Many Men GoneMany Men Gone
““Camp Followers”Camp Followers”
Molly “Pitcher”Molly “Pitcher”
Abigail AdamsAbigail Adams
Republican MotherhoodRepublican Motherhood
Idea that women had an important Idea that women had an important role: To raise their children to be role: To raise their children to be virtuous, civic minded citizens.virtuous, civic minded citizens.
Teachers of Republican virtueTeachers of Republican virtue
Essential to the RepublicEssential to the Republic
War’s Impact on Native War’s Impact on Native AmericansAmericans
NeutralityNeutrality
Some side with Brits.Some side with Brits.
Result of war is bad:Result of war is bad: A. Means more white expansionA. Means more white expansion B. Resentment against those that sided B. Resentment against those that sided
with Brits.with Brits. C. “noble Savages”C. “noble Savages”
ReviewReview Who wrote the Dec. of Ind.? What was its purpose? What Who wrote the Dec. of Ind.? What was its purpose? What
was the 3-part argument? was the 3-part argument?
Why did the colonists win the Rev. War?Why did the colonists win the Rev. War?
How did the war impact Native Americans?How did the war impact Native Americans?
Describe which religious groups were effected by the Describe which religious groups were effected by the American Revolution?American Revolution?
How did the War effect slavery?How did the War effect slavery?
Who were the Radical Whigs and what was their impact on Who were the Radical Whigs and what was their impact on the Rev.the Rev.
What other group of ideals motivated the colonists to have a What other group of ideals motivated the colonists to have a revolution?revolution?
Explain the concept of “Republican Motherhood”Explain the concept of “Republican Motherhood”
War’s Impact on War’s Impact on GovernmentGovernment
Many fear strong central government and Many fear strong central government and think power should be concentrated think power should be concentrated locally.locally.
Creation of new state governments.Creation of new state governments. A. Most states get rid of property requirements A. Most states get rid of property requirements
for voting. for voting. B. Many have weak (or no) executives.B. Many have weak (or no) executives. C. Some have unicameral legislatures (thought C. Some have unicameral legislatures (thought
to be more democratic)to be more democratic) D. Some regular people get elected to D. Some regular people get elected to
legislatures.legislatures.
Power to the PeoplePower to the People
During the Rev. the idea that During the Rev. the idea that sovereignty resides, ultimately, with sovereignty resides, ultimately, with the people, takes hold.the people, takes hold.
RepublicanismRepublicanism Elite’s Ideology of the revolution Elite’s Ideology of the revolution
Virtue is the keyVirtue is the key
Different opinions as to who possesses Different opinions as to who possesses virtue.virtue.
Most feel that one must be independent to Most feel that one must be independent to have virtuehave virtue
Many feel that land ownership is key to Many feel that land ownership is key to being independent and thus virtuous.being independent and thus virtuous.
Stop HereStop Here
First American GovernmentFirst American Government
The Articles of The Articles of ConfederationConfederation
Too weak, all of the Too weak, all of the power was in the power was in the statesstates
The ConstitutionThe Constitution
17871787
A federal Republic A federal Republic with more balance with more balance between the between the national and state national and state governments.governments.
Government
Legislative BranchMakes Laws
Executive BranchEnforces Laws
Judicial Branch
Why an Enlightenment Why an Enlightenment DocumentDocument
Social Contract—the power comes Social Contract—the power comes from “We The People…”from “We The People…”
Checks and Balances—Separation of Checks and Balances—Separation of PowersPowers
Natural RightsNatural Rights
Surrender of CornwallisSurrender of Cornwallis