the american system advanced history chapter 12. nationalism patriotic americans took pride in...
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The American SystemAdvanced History Chapter 12
Nationalism
Patriotic Americans took pride in factories
Self-imposed embargoes; war
British competitors make it difficult for American factories to succeed
Tariff of 1816
Protection tariff
20-25% on the value of dutiable imports Still not high enough to provide safeguard
Henry Clay’s Plan
Wanted to develop a profitable home market
“American System” 3 main parts 1. strong banking industry
easy and abundant credit
2. protective tariff tariff revenue fund 3rd part
3. network of roads and canals ability to trade all over US This would tie the country
together politically and economically
Need for New Modes of Transportation
Invasion of Canada partly failed due to roads (or no roads at all)
1817, Congress voted for $1.5 million for states for internal improvements
Madison voted ^ unconstitutional (states on their own)
Success: Erie Canal completed by New York in 1825
Direct federal support was strongly opposed because such outlets would drain the population and create competing states beyond the mountains
Erie Canal
Era of Good Feelings
James Monroe
Nominated in 1816, lost miserably (183 electoral votes to 34 electoral votes
Founding Fathers age and nationalism
Possibly the least distinguished of the first 8 presidents
Monroe was experienced and level-headed
Great at interpreting popular interests
Pushed northward into New England and then westward into Detroit to inspect military defenses
Era of Good Feelings
Not necessarily true
Tranquility and Prosperity did occur during Monroe’s presidency
BUT… Issues of tariff, the bank, internal improvements,
and the sale of public lands were all contested during the time
Sectionalism
Prosperity for individual states (industry/transportation revolution)
Issue of slavery beginning to rise
Panic of 1819 Good feelings quickly dissolved in 1819
Economic panic
Deflation, depression, bankruptcies, bank failures, unemployment, soup kitchens, and overcrowded penthouses (debtors’ prison)
1st national financial panic since Washington Contributing factors
Over-speculation in frontier lands Bank of US involved in outdoor gambling
Wildcat banks Foreclosed mortgages on farms
Panic of 1819 created backwashes in political and social world
Poor severely strapped Inhumanity of imprisoning debtors Mothers torn from infants
Growing Pains in the West
Expansion west continued
Addition of 9 states
Alternated between free and slave states (VE, KY, TN, OH, LA, IN, IL MS, AL)
Such an expansion because…
1. partly a continuation of westward expansion
“the Ohio fever” Cheap land
Additional Developments
Cumberland Road
Began in 1811
Ran from western Maryland to Ohio Valley
Other additional innovations
Steamboat, canals, highways
Land Act of 1820
Authorized a buyer to purchase 80 untouched acres at $1.25 an acre in cash
Demand of cheap land, demand of cheap transportation, and demand of cheap money
Wildcat banks
Slavery and Sectional Balance
Issue in the West pertaining to slave states
MO wanted to be a slave state
Tallmadge Amendment No more slaves to be brought into the state
Gradual emancipation of children born to slave parents already there Southerners angered by amendment and
eventually beat it
Growing differences between the North and South
Missouri Compromise
1820, bundle of 3 compromises
Congress allowed MO to become a slave state
ME (originally part of MA) became its own free state Balance was kept equal (12 free, 12 slave 15 years)
Future bondage was prohibited in remainder of LA Territory (boundary was Southern MO)
“dirty bargain”
North and South both win
South won MO
North won concession that Congress could forbid slavery in remaining states
Missouri Compromise
Sharing Oregon and Acquiring Florida
Treaty of 1818
Monroe administration negotiated treaty with Britain
Pact permitted Americans to share Newfoundland fisheries with Canadian cousins
Also fixed vagueness of northern limits of Louisiana 49th parallel Lake of the Woods (MN) to Rocky
Mountains
Treaty provided a 10 year joint occupation of the untamed Oregon Country (no surrender of rights on either side)
US-British Boundary Settlement, 1818
Spanish Florida
Bulk of FL under Spanish rule
Revolutions break out in South America
Argentina (1816)
Venezuela (1817)
Chile (1818) Andrew Jackson extreme force
Spain ceded Florida 1819
Menace of Monarchy
Europeans monarchs looking for allies
Austria, Prussia, and France
Tried to restore autocratic Spanish king to ancestral domains
Endangering democracy of America
Great Britain leading the pact
Crushed newly won liberties in Spanish America
Britain asks America jointly back off Latin America republics
Monroe Doctrine
British feared American seizure of Spanish land
Threaten British possessions in Caribbean
Monroe Doctrine
1823, 2 basic features 1. Non-colonization
2. Non-intervention
Monroe’s Doctrine Appraised
Protection on land
Protection from monarchy
“Self-Defense Doctrine”
Never made law
Personalized statement of the policy of President Monroe
Deepened isolationism