The Animal Kingdom

What is an animal?

Basic Animal Characteristics

1) Multicellular

2) Heterotrophic

3) Eukaryotic/No Cell Walls

Grouping of Animals

Invertebrates: No backboneConsist of 95% of all animal speciesRange in size from dust mites to Giant

Squid (up to 20 m in length)

Vertebrates: Contain a backboneConsist of 5% of all animal speciesFish Mammals

Animal Survival

1. Feeding

2. Respiration

3. Circulation

4. Excretion

5. Response

6. Movement

7. Reproduction

All functions help to maintain homeostasisControlled by internal feedbackFeedback Inhibition: product or result of a process stops the activityEx: Panting stops when body temperature drops to desired result

1. Feeding

All animals are heterotrophic and are different levels of consumers based on “who/what” they eat

Ex: Bird Beaks

Consumer Info…Animals will use sight, hearing, smell, and environmental factors to take in food

All are ADAPTATIONS

Ways to feed: Carnivore, Herbivore, Filter Feeder, Detritovore

Can you think of an adaptation to getting food from the above examples?

2. Respiration

Many ways to take in oxygen

Gills, Lungs, Semi-permeable skin

Oxygen is needed to for cellular respiration in the mitochondria

3. Circulation

Small animals rely totally on diffusion

Large animals with many tissue layers need a system to move materials thru bodyEx:Open Circulatory vs. Closed Circulatory

CLOSED OPEN

4. Excretion

Elimination of toxic/excess substancesEX: Ammonia, Carbon Dioxide, Water,

Sugar

5. Response

Thru the use of nerve cells and receptors, animals are able to detect changes in the environment

Respond to light, heat, sound, smell

Also includes the processing of info

6. Movement

Sessile, Jet-Propulsion, Muscle MovementSwim, Fly, Walk, Swing, Hop, Crawl, Ooze

7. Reproduction

Egg and Sperm come together to form a unicellular zygote!

Mitosis occurs and a blastula is formed

Cells don’t separate completely

Form a groove in order to multiply cell numbers to become MULTICELLULAR

Groove= CLEAVAGE

Tissue Layers/CavitiesEctoderm (outer)

Mesoderm (mid)

Endoderm (inner)

All 3 layers combine to form tissues

These layers create a body cavityCavity provides extra space for organs and

allows for specialization

Body Plans

• The way extremities are arranged, especially arms and legs

• Symmetry: 1) Radial (circular)

2) Bilateral (mirror image)

3) Asymmetry (random body shape)

Match Game: Match the Picture with the correct symmetry!

RADIAL

BILATERAL

ASYMMETRY