the architecture of computer hardware and systems software:
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CHAPTER 1:
Computer Systems
The Architecture of Computer Hardware
and Systems Software:An Information Technology Approach
3rd Edition, Irv Englander
ohn !iley and Sons "##3
!ilson !ong, $entley College
%inda Senne, $entley College
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Typical Computer Ad
Is the computer fast enough to run necessary programs?
Is the computer cost-effectie?
!i"" it #e o#so"ete in $ months?
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!hy Study Computer
Architecture& &ser &n'erstan' system capa#i"ities an' "imitations
(a)e informe' 'ecisions
Improe communications *ith information techno"ogy
professiona"s
Systems Ana"yst Con'uct sureys+ 'etermine feasi#i"ity an' 'efine an'
'ocument user re,uirements
Specify computer systems to meet app"ication re,uirements
Programmer Create efficient app"ication soft*are for specific processing
nee's
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!hy Study Computer
Architecture& System A'ministrator . (anager Insta""+ configure+ maintain+ an' upgra'e computer
systems
(a/imi0e system aai"a#i"ity
ptimi0e system performance
Ensure system security
!e# esigner ptimi0e customer accessi#i"ity to !e# serices
System a'ministration of !e# serers
Se"ect appropriate 'ata formats
esign efficient !e# pages
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Input'(rocess')utput *odel +I()
4 Input: )ey#oar'+ mouse+ scanner+ punch car's
4 Processing: CP& e/ecutes the computer program4 utput: monitor+ printer+ fa/ machine
4 Storage: har' 'rie+ optica" me'ia+ 'is)ettes+ magnetic tape
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Architecture Components
Hardware Processes 'ata #y e/ecuting instructions
Proi'es input an' output
Software Instructions e/ecute' #y the system
ata 5un'amenta" representation of facts an'
o#serations
Communications Sharing 'ata an' processing among 'ifferent
systems
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Hardware Component
Input.utput 'eices
Storage eices
CP&
ALU: arithmetic/logic unit
CU: control unit
Interface unit
Memory Short-term storage for CP& ca"cu"ations
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Typical (ersonal Computer
System
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C(-: Central (rocessing -nit
A9&: arithmetic."ogic unit Performs arithmetic an' oo"ean "ogica"
ca"cu"ations
C&: contro" unit Contro"s processing of instructions
Contro"s moement of 'ata *ithin the CP&
Interface unit
(oes instructions an' 'ata #et*een the CP&an' other har'*are components
Bus: #un'"e of *ires that carry signa"s an' po*er#et*een 'ifferent components
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*emory
A"so )no*n as primary storage+ *or)ing
storage+ an' AM !random access memory"
Consists of #its+ each of *hich ho"' a a"ue of
either ; or 1 Ho"'s #oth instructions an' 'ata of a
computer program
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Software Component
App"ications
#perating System API: app"ication program
interface
5i"e management
I.
erne" (emory management
Resource sche'u"ing Program communication
Security
@et*or) (o'u"e
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Communications Component
Har'*are
Communication channels Physica" connections #et*een computer systems
E/amp"es: *ire ca#"e+ phone "ines+ fi#er optic ca#"e+
infrare' "ight+ ra'io *aes
Interface har'*are Han'"es communication #et*een the computer an' the
communication channe"
Modem or networ$ interface card !%IC"
Soft*are
@et*or) protoco"s: HTTP+ TCP.IP+ ATAPI
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Computer Systems
A"" computer systems+ no matter ho* comp"e/+
consists of the fo""o*ing:
At "east one CP&
(emory to ho"' programs an' 'ata I. 'eices
9ong-term storage
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(rotocols
Common groun' ru"es ofcommunication #et*een computers+ I.'eices+ an' many soft*are programs
E/amp"es HTTP: #et*een !e# serers an' !e#
#ro*sers
TCP.IP: #et*een computers on the Internetan' "oca" area net*or)s
ATAPI: #et*een a CP& an' C-R(s
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Standards
Create' to ensure uniersa" compati#i"ity of
'ata formats an' protoco"s
(ay #e create' #y committee or may #ecome
a 'e facto stan'ar' through popu"ar use E/amp"es:
Computer "anguages: aa+ SB9+ C+ aaScript
isp"ay stan'ar's: Postscript+ (PE-2+ PE+ I5
Character set stan'ar's: ASCII+ &nico'e+ ECIC Di'eo stan'ar's: DA+ A+ R
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Early History
1$2: "aise Pasca" inents a ca"cu"ating
machine
17;1: oseph (arie ac,uar' inents a "oom
that uses punch car's 17;;Fs:
Char"es a##age attempts to #ui"' an ana"ytica"
engine
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*odern Computer .evelopment
18%6: (ar) I is #ui"t
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Early Computers
a##ageFs Ana"ytica" Engine E@IAC
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Te/t0oo1 )verview
!e# site: http:..***G*i"eyGcom.co""ege.eng"an'er
Part 1 Computer system oerie*
Part 2 @um#er systems an' 'ata formats
Part % Computer architecture an' har'*are operation
Part Soft*are operating systems+ app"ications+ 'ee"opment
enironments
Part 3
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Copyright "##3 ohn !iley 2 Sons
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