the art of breeding canadian barley: past, present …€¦ · the art of breeding canadian barley:...
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The art of breeding Canadian barley: past,
present and future
A. Badea, W.G. Legge, B. Harvey, B. Rossnagel, A. Beattie, D. Falk, A. Navabi,
J. Helm, F. Capettini, P. Juskiw, J. Nyachiro, T.M. Choo, and R. Khanal
Winnipeg, June 25-28, 2017
University of Guelph Barley Breeding Program
• Focus has been on 6-row feed barley
– higher yield
– better lodging resistance with high straw yield
– larger grain and higher test weight
– better disease resistance in humid environment • powdery mildew
• leaf rust
• net blotch
• BYDV
• FHB
Diversity of germplasm incorporated into
breeding program and resulting 6-row
and 2-row lines from such crosses.
University of Guelph Barley Breeding Program
• Breeding Methods – 1880-1910: pure line selection from landraces
– 1910-1960’s: hybridization and selfing to develop pure lines (Huntley, Reinbergs)
– 1960’s-1990’s: shuttle breeding to Mexico and California and Bulbosum-based Doubled Haploids (Reinbergs, Kasha)
– 1990’s-2010’s: shuttle breeding to California combined with male sterility for accelerated recurrent selection (RIPE) (Falk)
– 2014-present: traditional crossing and single seed descent (Navabi)
Diversity of F4 yield plots in Ontario
Harvested F3 single plants in
California which will give enough seed
for F4 yield trials back in Ontario
Results of RIPE in University of Guelph Barley Breeding Program
• Significant improvement in all selected parameters
• More than 50 varieties supported for Registration
by the Ontario Cereal Crops Committee
• 70% (25/36) of top 3 lines in Performance Trials
across Ontario 2001-2012
• 83% (15/18) of lines with index of >110% in
Performance Trials across Ontario 2001-2012
• Majority of Ontario barley acres sown to Guelph
varieties
• Incorporation of H. spontaneum into elite parental
lines/crosses
Dr. Duane Falk
• Focus has evolved toward 2-row malting barley
• Most basic goals similar, with addition of malting
attributes
• Increase testing of diverse barley genotypes (Navabi)
• Introduction of new barley germplasm (Navabi)
• Development of large mutant population to target trait
development (Lukens)
• Development of TILLING population for studies of
important traits in barley (Lukens)
Dr. Ali Navabi
Dr. Lewis Lukens
University of Guelph Barley Breeding Program: Present
FCDC Barley Breeding Program: Brief History
Poster courtesy of Erin Collier, FCDC Lacombe
FCDC Barley Breeding Program: Breeding Objectives and Methodology
• Modified bulk breeding method
– Pressure put on bulks to move them in
desired direction
– Selections made in F5-F7
– Headrows to yield trials
• Use of California winter nursery
• Molecular Marker Assisted Selection
• Double Haploid Production
• Mutagenesis and selection
General view of the California winter nursery (A) and head selections in California (B)
Improved barley variety
Improved lodging
resistance
Improved quality
Higher yield
Earliness Disease
resistance
Increased in barley program size to ~200 crosses per year
Organized in pre-breeding and variety development programs
Expedited the breeding cycle, from 12-16 to 8-9 years
Extensive use of winter nurseries
Maximized the use of controlled environments
Single seed descent
Decreased the 6-row and hulless programs
Increased the 2-row malting, feed, forage
Focused the food program
Increased marker assisted selection
Genomic selection
FCDC Barley Breeding Program: Present
FCDC Barley Breeding Program: Varieties Developed
Variety Year Characteristics
Empress 1982 6-row feed
Abee 1982 2-row feed
Condor 1988 2-row hulless
Falcon 1992 6-row hulless semi-dwarf
Bentley 2010 2-row malt
Amisk 2015 6-row feed
Canmore 2016 2-row food/forage
Lowe 2016 2-row malt
FCDC Staff: Present
Manley Champlin (1920-24) & James Harrington (1924-47) Pure line selections (‘Hannchen’ - 1923), introductions (‘Trebi’ - 1929) and hybridization (‘Rex’ – 1937)
6-row feed type focused on yield, earliness and test weight
Len Shebeski (1947-53) & Ed Larter (1954-66) Hybridization (‘Husky’ – 1953; ‘Jubilee’ – 1960) and mutation breeding
6-row feed type focused on yield, earliness and disease resistance (stem rust and smuts)
U of S/CDC Barley Breeding Program: Early Years
Bryan Harvey (1966-2005) Hybridization, off-season nursery
2-row malt type (‘Harrington’ – 1981; ‘Manley’ – 1990; ‘Stein’ – 1992; ‘CDC Kendall’ – 1999; ‘CDC Copeland’ – 1999)
focused on yield, earliness, straw strength, test weight and plumpness, disease resistance (stem rust, smuts, net blotch, spot blotch, FHB, scald) and malt quality (both high and low enzyme types)
6-row malt type (‘CDC Clyde’ – 2004; ‘CDC Mayfair’ – 2008)
John Berdahl (1972-77) 6R feed type focused on yield, earliness and disease resistance
U of S/CDC Barley Breeding Program
U of S/CDC Barley Breeding Program
Brian Rossnagel (1977-2011) Hybridizations, doubled haploidy, SSD, off-season nursery, molecular markers
2-row feed and forage types (‘Deuce’ – 1986; ‘Dolly’ – 1994; ‘CDC Cowboy’ – 2004; ‘CDC Austenson’ – 2012)
focused on yield, straw strength, test weight, disease resistance (stem rust, smuts, net blotch, spot blotch, FHB, scald), forage quality
Hulless feed (‘Scout’ – 1982; ‘CDC McGwire’ – 1999), food (‘CDC Candle’ – 1994; ‘CDC Fibar’ and ‘CDC Rattan’ – 2003) and malting (‘CDC Clear’ – 2012) types
focused on yield, straw strength, hull adherence, disease resistance, food quality (high BG or amylose) or malt quality (high extract)
2-row malt types (‘CDC Meredith’ – 2008; ‘CDC PolarStar’ – 2008; ‘CDC Kindersley’ – 2010)
U of S/CDC Barley Breeding Program: Current and Future
Aaron Beattie (2010-) Hybridizations, doubled haploidy, SSD, off-season nursery, molecular markers, genomic selection
2-row malt types (‘CDC Bow’ – 2015; ‘CDC Fraser’ – 2016; ‘CDC Goldstar’ – 2017)
additional malt quality target associated with craft brewing
2-row feed and forage types same traits as previous
Hulless food (‘CDC Ascent’ – 2016) and malting types
additional black aleurone food type
ORDC Barley Breeding Program
Dr. Alek Choo Dr. Raja Khanal
Island
AAC Azimuth
AAC Starbuck
AC Minoa
BRDC Barley Breeding Programs: Early Years
Walter Johnston
(1936-71)
Dick Metcalfe
(1948-65 in Brandon
1966-88 in Winnipeg)
• Prior to 1924: - only
demonstration work on barley
• S. J Sigfusson (1924-33) –
mandate was to develop
barley varieties suited to
western Canada
• A.J. (Al) Klassen (1966-68)
• R.I. (Bob) Wolfe (1968-81) –
barley genetics and disease
resistance with focus on feed
barley
• K.W. (Ken) Campbell (1974-
81) – malting barley; focused
on crosses between 2-row
and 6-row and DH production
Examples of cultivars released: Plush,
Parkland, Conquest, Bonanza, Bedford
BRDC Barley Breeding Programs: Present
The six-row and hulless barley breeding program
The two-row malting barley breeding program
70%
20%
10%
Two-row malting
Two-row feed
Two-row hulless malting
40%
40%
20%
Six-row malting
Two-row hulless food
Six-row forage
(1982-2011) (2012-)
(1987-2017) (2017-)
BRDC Barley Breeding Programs General Breeding
Objectives: Present
New cultivar/elite germplasm
Grain yield
Consistency across
growing conditions
Straw strength
Plant height
Kernel colour
Shattering tolerance
Disease resistance
Maturity
o Fusarium head blight nursery
o Leaf diseases and stem rust nursery
o Screening for waterlogging (wlt)
Stem rust Spot blotch Fusarium Head blight
BRDC Barley Breeding Programs: Present Research and
Screening for Biotic and Abiotic Stresses
General view of BRDC testing
field: during wlt treatment
BRDC Barley crew collecting leaf
tissue after wlt treatment
UAV data collection in
the wlt experiment
FHB Project: Present
Brandon FHB nursery
8,700-row capacity
initial screening&future evaluation
Morden, MB (new in 2014) – 1000-row capacity
Ottawa, ON – 500-row capacity
Charlottetown, PEI – 500-row capacity
FHB Nurseries:
Collaborators:
James Tucker (2001-)
Summary of Barley in Canada
Today, barley is grown
from coast to coast with
over 90% farmed in
western Canada.
The beer economy
supports 1 in every 100
jobs in Canada and
generates over $5.8
billion in tax revenues
each year.
Canada is one of the
world’s leading malt
barley exporters.
Next Generation Breeding
Genetic Resources
Phenotyping Enabling
technologies
The Path to New Achievements in Canadian Barley
A single approach will not provide all the solutions
Progress will be made by combining the scientific and
breeding expertise
The path forward will require us to combine the best
approaches to maximize the chance of success in this
important and exciting endeavour