the art of woodworking shaker furniture

8/4/2019 The Art of Woodworking Shaker Furniture

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WORKSHOPUIDESHAKERULLSNDPEGS SHAKERINISHES

REPTICATINGSHAKERINISH

TheShakersaintedheir urni turen a var iety f colo

inc lud inged, range,e l low,lue, nd rown. t r tua

of hese ieces ere oated ith hinpaintsn a washhal lowedhewood'sraino showhrough.o epl icate

effect,ou anusemilkpaintoratex aint.Milkpaintsea

flat inishha tcanbestained,iled, rwaxedncehesu

isdry.Although i lkpaint savai lablesa powderha

addedo water, ou anprepareour wnbyblendin

ingredientshownn hechart elow.

Some haker iecesere nished ithvarntsh.o o

down finish hatwas ooglossy-andhowy-Shakeru

turemakersubbed ownhesurfacesit hpumice.heo

varnishecipe resentedelow i l l mpart deep,ich n

withoutoomuch loss, ndoffer ood rotectionor h

wood. or est esults,pplyhesolution itha rag, et ton hesurfaceora fewminutes,hen uboff heexcess

a cleanag .Allow 4 hoursor hecoat o cure, an digh

and epeat,ui ldingp he inrshn ayers.ompleteny

ishwitha coat fgood-qualiiyaste ax.

(lIT.VARNISHINISH

Wood

. 1 par t inseedr ungoi l

o 2 nar ic sat in varn ish

. 3 parts team-disti l ledurpent ine

MILK AINT

Basicormulayields bout quart):

. 1 r / 2 ups k i mm i l k

. 1 oz .s lakedime

o 8 oz.p las te r f Par is r ca lc ium arbonate

Procedure' I. Spr ink lehe ime nto he m i l kandmix or3 minutes .

S t i r n h ep ' as t e ' o f a r i s .

2 . Addco io r ing ,uch sar t is t 's rgmentsrear th igmen

used orcoor ing ement ;es t heso lu i ion na scrap lec

and et t dry ,3 . Le t heoa in t r t o r hour ,henbrush t on,

s t i r r ingrequent ly .

4 . Adda h in ayer f varntshrshe l laco protec the in sh

LATEXAINT

Procedure' |. Apply h in i rs t oa t n hedes i redolor o sea l hewo

and e tdry .

2 . Rub hesur face i thvery nesteei oo l .

3. Apply notherh incoat f pa in t nd ubwi thvery

f inesteel ool .

4 . Adda l ight oat f o rangehe l lac .

COMM()NHAKEREGS

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THEARTOFWOODWORKING

SHAKER

FURNITURE



THE ART OFWOODWORKING

FIJRNITURE

TIME-LIFEOOKSALEXANDRIA.IRGINIA

SffiR

ST.REMYPRESSMONTREAL.EWYORK



PUBLISHERPRES/DENT

Series ditorSeries rt Director

SeniorEditorEditor

Art Directors

Designers

Picture EditorWriters

ContributingWriterCont buting llu str to s

AdministratorProductionManager

CoordinatorSystem oordinator

PhotographerIndexer

KennethWinchesterPierreLdveill6

PierreHome-DouglasFrancine emieuxMarcCassiniAndrew onesNormand Boudreault,

Jean-Pierreourgeois,Michel GigudreHdldneDion, Jean-Guy oiron,FrangoisDaxheletChristopher acksonfohn Dowling,Adam VanSertima

funeSpriggGillesBeauchemin,Michel Blais,RonaldDurepos,MichaelStockdale,James h6rienNatalie WatanabeMichelle TurbideDominique Gagn6Eric BeaulieuRobertChartierChristineM. Iacobs

THE ART OF WOODWORKING wasproducedby

ST.REMYPRESS

THECONSUXIANTS

Ian Ingersoll owns a cabinetmaking hop n WestCornwalConnecticut, hat specializesn Shaker urniture.

GilesMiller-Mead taught advanced abinetmaking t Monttechnical choolsor more han tenyears. nativeof NewZealand, e hasworked asa restorer f antique urniture

ShakerFurniture.p. cm.- (Theart of woodworking)Includes ndex.ISBN0-8094-9s33-31.Furniture making-Amateurs' manuals.2. Furniture,Shaker-Amateurs' manuals.I. Time-LifeBooks.IL Series.

TTl95.S48 995749.213'08'8288-dc20 95-1022

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For nformation about any Time-Lifebook,please all l-800-621-7026, r write:Reader nformationTime-LifeCustomerServiceP.O.Box C-32068Richmond,Virginia2326r-2068

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any electronicor mechanicalmeans,ncluding nformatiostorage nd retrievaldevices r systems, ithout prior wrten permissionrom thepublisher, xcept hat brief passmaybe quoted or reviews.Firstprinting. Printed n U.S.A.Published imultaneouslyn Canada.

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JohnR.Sullivan

Marjann CaldwellMarleneZack

James ing



CONTENTS

L218

6 INTRODUCTION

SHAKERDESIGNA galleryof Shaker urniture

CHAIRSEnfieldsidechairRushseatShaker ockingchairThpeseat

Meetinghouse ench

TABTESTiestle ableDrop-leaf ableCandlestand

PIE SAFEAnatomyof apie safe

Making the caseworkramesRaising he panelsAssemblinghe safeShelvingTin-paneldoors

1T6 SHAKERCTASSICS

118 Wallclock129 Stepstool135 Shakerboxes138 Pegboard

140 GTOSSARY

142 INDEX

144 ACKNOWTEDGMENTS

2426343844

48

56586878

8688

909497

104106



INTRODUCTION

DavidLambon

REDEFININGSHAKERSTYLE

f *ur fortunatenougho iveat heCanterburyhakerVillagen NewHampshireL for 14 ears,rom1972o 1986. yparentsan heVillageMuseumndweweregiven ousingntheChildren's ouse,uilt n 1810.I ad heprivilegef knowingsevenhaker istersnd istenedo heirbeliefsndmemoriesf heolddays.While

living here,l oundmyself xploringnd tudyinghearchitecturallementsf hebuildings,swellas he urnituren thecollections.

While iving n these nique urroundings,had heexceptionalpportunity fapprenticingithanOldWorld abinetmakerromMadrid, lejandroe aCruz.His eachingsmphasizedradition, lassicism,nd ntegrityn work,design,ndliving.Thisapprenticeshiprovidedmewitha direction nd ocusor studyingShakerndother lassicesigns.t thesameime, t allowed e o constructivelyrit-icize ome ldpiecesnd o rebuild rredesignhemby using etter onstructionmethods,hilestill etainingheiroriginal harm ndattractiveness.

Like hearchitecturallementsf antiquiryhebeauty nd ruthof Shakeresignaremostevidentn basicorms. heoverallines, roportions,ndstanceanbeseenn a simple iece f furnitureike hecandletand hownnthephotoat ight.Details,f theyaredonewell,adda urther imensionndwill notobscurer clut-ter hegeneralorm.

I donotbelievehat heShakerset ut o developheirowndesigns;ather,heirbeliefseshapedormswith whichheywere lreadyamiliar. hakeresign anbeseensa stripped-downederaltyle, ithemphasisnHepplewhitendSheratonelements.ederaltylewas oncurrentith hebeginningnd hedevelopmentftheShakereligious ovement.he eycabinetmakersf each hakerillage erealso ree odevelopheuniquelavor f eachommunity'sorkwhile aking irec-tion rom he ead ommunityf MountLebanon,ewYork.

Whileagood eal f Shakeresignharmies n itsnaivet6,venmoredependsonthe cabinetmaker'somplete astery f the orm.Creatingurniture esignsrequires horoughnderstandingfthedesignrocess,ndbeing bleo

"getinto

theheads"f theoldmastersounderstandhycertain esign ecisionseremade.It alsoequiresgood nderstandingf furniture onstructionsing ast ndpre-sentechniques.t is mportant ot ust o acknowledgepiece sa masterpiecendcopy t,but ofindout wltyitisa masterpiece,y askingmany uestionsboutt. Theanswersill provideourbuilding locksorcreatingourowndesignsnany ryle.

DavidLambwas esidentabinetmakert Canterbury hakerVillage,NewHampshire, etween 979and 1986. e nowbuildsShaker-inspiredfurnitureat hisshop n Canterbury.



INTRODUCTION

IohnWilsonperfectshe

ELEGANTSHAKERBOX

T mu sawShakeroxesnapattern ookon ShakeroodenwareyEjnerHandbergL n 1977 hen waseachingurnituremaking tLansing ommunity ollege.venas inedrawings,hese imple, legantval ontainers,raftedromcherryn grad-uated izes, erentriguing. ll boxesolduniversalppeal,ut o havehemnest

inside ach therappealso thechildn allof us.Up o thispoint, hadbeen carpentern residentialonstructionor 10 ears,

andhadspent nother ecadeeachingocial nthropology.ittledid knowwhenI begano followmycuriositFnShakerval oxeshat heywould ecomeheper-fectavenueor expressinghosehree kills-workingn wood,nterpretingther om-munities'life ndwork,and eaching.ut hat s exactly hathas appenedo meoverhe ast15years.

Byspecializingn Shakervalboxes,was ortunateo takeadvantagef threetrends: growing warenessf Shakeresign,hepopularity f woodworkingsahobby, ndan nterestn instructionn leisure ctivities.hiscombinationpenedthedoorsor reelanceox-makingeminars.y1986 was eaching0workshopsayearn many arts f thecountry, swellas n CanadandEngland.hepartici-pantsmake nest f fiveboxes.t is ulfilling o beable o masterhe echniquefmaking box, ndevenmore o operfectt in makingive. nthe 2yearc incehefirstboxclass,haveaughtmore han4,000 eoplehis raditional raft.

Mymemory f firstattemptingo build hem sof bands reaking,ringingheprojecto an abrupt nd. t takesmore han inedrawingso masterechnique.VisitingShakeritesn NewEngland,Iecall rare pportunityo watch oxmak-er erryGrantatHancock hakerVillage.egavemeasample f the inycopperaclsthatare hehallmark f thebox ap.Thesereas carceshen'seeth, s heexpres-siongoes.t *re ime,Cross ailCompany asheone emainingackmanufacturer,andmadehemonlyonspecial rder.t tooka minimumof 50poundso order,andwith over 50 acla o theounce,hatwas n ncredibleupply. th 12 aclsneed-ed omake box,t alsoepresentedifetime fboxmaking.

Today, hakeroxes ave ecome y ifeandsupplyinghebox radewithqual-ity materialsowoccupies oreof my ime haneithermaking oxes r teaching.More hanustbeing ood usiness,aking hakeroxesaseftmewith hecon-viction hatpassingn our skillssa responsibilityach f usmustaccept.

JohnWilsonaught ocial nthropologyt Purduebeforeurning

his attention o teaching haker oxmakingull time n 1983.

Hisseminars ave een eldat theSmithsonian,n Shaker illages

throughout merica, nd n England. e ownsand operates heHomeShop n EastBroadway ighrq,in Charlotte, ichigan.



INTRODUCTION

was,n anearly9th-Century hakeruildingn Canterbury,ewHampshire.My roomwasaclassic hakernterior,withbuilt-incupboardsnddrawers,

peg ailaroundhewalls, nd are liding hutters.verythingverheadndunder-footwasheworkof Shaker rothershohadusedocal ine,maple,ndbirchandacombinationf hand oolsandwater-poweredachineryn anefficientndsophisticatedystemf man-madeonds ndmillsbehindhevillage. ftera cen-turyandahalfof continualse,hepegs ereirm ntheirsockets.hedrawerslidsmoothly ithaslightugon hesingleenterull.Thewhole ffect as neofspa-ciousness,iriness,nd ightness.his oomwasworth hewait.

By he ime arrived tCanterburyn 1972 sa summer uiden themuseum,theshaker 9clety ad ongsincelourishednd aded. hecanterbury hakerswere stablishedn 1792 s heseventhf whatbecame9principalettlementsnAmerica. hen came,hehalf-dozenhakers ho ivedhere- all n their70s,80s, nd90s-wereoneof the astwoShakeramiliesn existence.Theotherwas

sabbathdayLaken Maine.) hesisters ere elightful-energetic,umorous,ndunstintinglyind.Therewere oBrotherst Canterbury.he astonehaddied nthe1930snd hewomenokedhat heyhad

workedthose oormen o death."

whilewoodworkingadpassednto historywith the astof theBrothers,hesisterseld heworkof the

oldshakers"n high egard. lifetime f usingShaker

desks,ables, orkcounters,hairs,ndcupboardsadgivenhemahands-onppre-ciation f the-qualitieshathave arned hakeresignespectorldwide:trength,lightness,nda simpleightnessfproportion. rgonomic?oubet.we heldourbreathwheneverhe ragile ut unstoppableldressentup anddown hestairswith herbadknee ndcane, ut hebreadth f thesteps,hegentleise, nd hesturdy,legantandrail eptherupright ndsafe.

"Handsto workandheartso God," homilyof ShakerounderMotherAnn

Lee,was roadmap or goodife.MyShakerriends regone ow, ut heirworkenduress estimonyo thebeauty ndwisdom fthatsimplemessage.

|uneSprigg eflects n

A SHAKERLIFE

hen was ittle andshared roomwith my sister yearnedo havea roomof my own. was19when hat dream ame rue,andoh,whata room t

lune Sprigg asbeen tudyingheShakersfor mostof herlife,andshewasCuratorof Collectionst Hancock hakerVillage etyveen979 nd1994.Her atest ookwithpho-

tographer aulRocheleau,hakerBurlt, spublishedbyMonacelliPress.he ivesn Pittsfield,Massachusetts.



SHAKERDESIGN



SHAKER ESIGN

h. Shakersre ecognizedoday sI oneof America'sost nteresting

eligiousocieties.hanksvigorousropofbooks, rticles,

exhibitionshathave prouted pheShakers'icentennialelebra-1974, ost eoplehinkof hem

SffiDESIGNfirstand oremost soroducersf sim-pleandwell-madeurniture. ut ntheirhevdavrom1825o 1845,hevwerebeiter<no*n or heiroriginal iend fcelibacyndcommunalism,deepom-mitmento Christianrincipless rac-ticed yChristtdisciples,ndaworship

service nique n civilizedAmerica or its

groupdancing, sortofsacredineor

circledancehatgave ll members qual

opportunity o expresshe Holy Spirit.

This ecstatic ance candalized any

conventionalbservers,ncludingRalph

WaldoEmerson nd CharlesDickens.

With its backward-Ieaningear egs

andcurved la*, heEnfleld ide hair

shownat left wasbuilt or simplicityand comfort. he ushseats n eaily

Shaker hairsike hisone radually

gaveway o canvasapeseating.

By themid-l9th Century,when he ithograph hown bovewasmqde,

the reneticdancing hat oncemarkedShaker orship-andgavehem heir

name had been eplaced ith more eservedinedances. s n all Shaker

activities,hesexes ere trictlydivided.Thewoman n stylishVictoriandress

in theoreground as robablynvitedby theShakerso observeheirworship.



SHAKER ESIGN

Thedininghall at thePleasant ill communityn Harrodsburg,

MotherAnn's ewOrderThe Shakersrace heir history nAmericato 774, hen ounder

Mother

Anrt'' Leeemigratedo NewYork romManchester,ngland, ith eight ol-lowers. he39-year-oldaughter f aMidlandsblacksmith, nn Leewaspromptedo comeo theNorthAmeri-cancolonies,ccordingo her aithfirlbelievers,ya visionof thesecondom-ing of Christ.Shewas ickenedy hecorruption f the Old World,and hechanges roughtby the IndustrialRevolutionhatwere lteringhecon-ditions fhumanifebeyondllpreviousexperience.he oughto establishneworderof ife n theNewWorld.

AspreachedyAnn Lee ndher ol-lowers, hakerife wasoneof hardshipandself-denial.eing Shakermeantliv-inga celibateife with no possibility fbearing hildren, ndworking elflesslyandequallyalongsidene's rothersndSisters.t alsomeantiving n isolationfrom heoutsideworld, enouncingllprivate roperty,nd aking olacen thepurityof community ndprayer.

Although nndieda scant 0yearsafterarrivingn Americandhermove-ment emainedelativelymall uringher ifetime, onvertsegano oin indrovesn theyearsollowing erdeath.By17 7,theirstarge-scaleommunalShaker amily adgatheredearAlbany

at NewLebanon, ewYork.TheNkbanon communitywaso becomspiritual apital f the Shaker throughheneficentury. y1800sionariesadhelped stablishdoShakerommunitieshroughoutNEngland,ncluding nes n EnfConnecticut;arvard,MassachandCanterbury,ewHampshir1825,19 rincipal illages ere loishing romMaine o pointsweKentuckyndOhio. n 1840, nemated ,000 hakersere uttinghandso work andheartso GoAmerica'sargest,est nown, ndoalternativeo mainstreamife hateedon a rulynationalcale.



In spite feffortso attract ew on-heShakers'numbersegano

he endof theCivilWar.as

irstShakerommunityto lose ffi-a century hatwitnessedo

hangesn Amer-life it proveddifficult for the

changed o ittle-tohemomentum f their irst

SHAKER ESIGN

70years. y 1900,heShakersaddwin-dled o 2,000memberssShakeril-

lages losedheir doorsoneby one.Today,ustonecommunityurvives,tSabbathdayake,Maine,whereewerthana dozenmembersarryon theShakerraditions.

HarmonyofProportionTheShakersere ot anesthetic ove-

mentor a self-consciouschoolofdesign.n fact,heir urniture,ike heir

architecturendclothing, asderidedin its day or anexcessivelytilitarianlackof style. oday,ttractedy hesim-plicityof theirdesigns,heworldhasbeguno recognizeheachievementsfShaker oodworkers,uch s heclocksmade y Brothersaac ewton oungsof NewLebanon,nd hesewing esks

Thespiritualcenter f Shakerife, hemeetinghouse,s asmodest nd unpretentioussanyShaker uilding.



SHAKE,R ESIGN

and ock ing hairs f Brother reegiftWells f Watervliet, ewYork.

Simplicitys hequintessentialall-markof Shaker esign. ompared iththeopr.rlentomplexiryf aQueen nnehighboy,orexample,Shakerhairsaparagon faLrsterify:our egs,hree lats,ahandfulofstretchers,nda fewyardsof canvasane or the seat.n a worldthatseemso grow ncreasingly orecomplex ndchaotic ear yyear t isnotdifficLrlto seewhy hesirnple, ar-r.r.ror.rior-rsinesof Shakertirniture on-tinue o hold heirappeal.

Shaker r t isans lso ist inguishedthemselvesy hequality f heirwork.They arely eededo hurryandwerein factencour-agedo akehe imeneed-ed o do he ob properly.hecornmu-nal trmily tructure ave ndividualsfieedomrom thoughts f purchasing,narketing, ales,ndallrelated usinesscoucerns-an xperiencedusinesstafftookcare fall t[at.Shaker oodwork-

ers eceivedree raining rom very inecraftsmen,lderBrothers ho aught

them in an apprenticeshipystem.Shakersenerallyorkedn big,hand-some, tate-of-the-artorkshops ithth ebestools ndmachinesvailable;communal conomy,hrifty iving, ndanabhorrencefbuying n credit su-allymeant lenty f capitalo nvestnth ebest. heShakers'werelso apableof rrverr t i r rghebest lhe able aw,orexample,as hebrainchildf a Shakersister.t comes sno sururisehatmanvwoodworkersoday peak nviouslyttinres f theirShakerounterparts.

A Lackof OrnamentationThe el isiousmotivation ehind hesimplicity f Shaker esignsan obvi-ou sone.Th eShakersoughtn every-

BrotlrcrClutrles reavesutsidehecorpettyhLtp,arrcocklnkerVilLrge,

Pittsfield, 'lassaclusetts,lr the nrly1900s.

thing heydid to free hemselvesromthevainandunnecessary,hicho hem

meant voiding rossmaterialism.hiswas o mean eat n theGildedAse hatgave irth oVictorianandconspicuousconsumption.heShakersschewedhe

sort of artistic reedornhat allobuilders o design nd makewha

theywanted. hey eldom utogratheirpiecesecausehey ookno pin being ecognizeds ndividuasans. eliqiousonvictionslsoor



SHAKERDESIGN

a icenseo decorate ith carving,nlay,painting, xoticmportedwoods, r any

other ypeof applied rnament. heShakersraditionally regardedheseembellishmentssa waste f time andresources.ndeed,he ewornamentaltoucheso befoundon Shakerurni-ture-such asexposed ovetailing ndthe ubiquitous, eatly urned drawerpullsand rail pegs-invariablyhadautilitarian urpose.

Usuallymadewith bentmaple ides

andquartersawnine ops ndbottoms,ovalboxes ereused ostore ll typesof drygoods. heywere onstructedngraduatedizes o hat each necouldbestorednside henext arger ize.

A tall clock erves sa boundary etweenhemen's ndwomen'sleepingreasn theCentreFamilyDwellingat Pleasant ill, Kentucl<y.locks lsodivided heShakers' aily ives ntoprescribedegments herewere pecificimesfor rising eatingworking and sleeping.

Bel ieving hat al l thingsvisiblerevealedhe state f the spirit within,

Shakersook great arewith what heymade o hat ts near-perfectionouldbothhonorandemulateheexcellenceof God'sown creation. boveall else,

Shakerurnitureanddesigns mbuedwith the spiri t of i ts makers, ro-

claiming heir optimism and faith inthe future.By spending bviouscareand ime on humble,useful hings,the Shakers learly nnouncedheirbelief n a futureworth ivingand nthe ability of future generationso

keep heir craft alive.On the ollowing agessan llustrat-

edgallery f some f themostenduringoieces f furniturethat serveas theShakers'egacyomodernwoodworking.

t 7



A GALLERYOF SHAKERFURNITURE

TABTESANDCHAIRS

Dining room benahEuilt to accommo-date aeveral ineraarounda table

Trestle able (pa6e5b)Themost,commonetyle of thakerdtntnq oom able. Euilt with 7luelejoineryand knockdown ardware, ,htable can bedteaaaembled hen t inot needed; he leqo, eet, and treerunninqalon4 he top'e undereidepoeitioned o maxtmizee4room

Candle stand

Qase78)The rtpod deei4n

4ivea hie li4ht-weight. ableqoodetability

Dropleaf table (page 68)ALtached to the top withrule oinLo, he Ieavee fthio table can be exLendedwhenneededor droppeddown o gave gpace



SHAKERDESIGN

Revolving chair

Aleo called ewtvel etoola

or revolverg, thege

chaira were uged tn

c ) h a P e r n f f i r ca ahnna

and achoolroome

Enfield aide chair(pase 26)Madewitha back-ward tilt to provide

comforLwtthoutbendtn4;hechatr'erear leqe.Earlyver'a tona ikeLheoneahown eatured rusheeata; he thakersIater reliedon can'vaeLape,aa tn Lherockinq hatrahownaL rtghL

Meetinghouae bench

Accommodated the faithful durinq

thaker reltgtoue eervrcee; wtth its

eol id ptne aeat., Lhte etmple and

lt7htweiqhtchatr could be movedout

of the way easily when neceaoary

Rocking chair

(paqe O)Ha eeteam-bentrear egeand aoltd'

wood rockere; hetape eeaf,inq eavailablena vari-ety of colors andpatterns. Alsomade na ladder-backveraion

With heirshortbacks,hesplint-seatdining hairs hown bove an lide ndera tablewithoutanysacrifice f comfort.

l 9



SHAKERDESIGN

CASEWORK

Ketractable

work aurface

WorketandFeatureeadrawer with

partitiona andpiqeonholee ntop for etorinqaewinq uppliee:the rim aroundthe workaurfaceprevente temefrom fallin7off

Sewing deakFeaturea a retractable work aur-face; with drawera on adjacentaidee of the deak, wo peoplecould workon t at the aame ime

As canbeseenn this oomat Hancock haker il-Iagen Massachusetts,heShakerspared o efforttoprovidea sense f orderand tidinessn their ivingspaces.loor-to-ceilingabinets nsuredhat herewasa designatedlacefor everything.

Pie safe (page bO)Traditionallyuaed o store bakedqoode: hepierced in door panelakeptthe contentefresh whilepreventingvermin rom enterinAdjuatable ahelveaaddedflexibility



SHAKERDESIGN

WaahatandUaedby thakera forpereonaI y4iene

beforebed:deeiqnedto holdan earthen-warepttcherand bowl

on-cheat; ;heLopaection eatured ehelvin7and eeveral tqeonholeoor organrzedtoraqe

WorkbenchFeatured a epaciouoworkeurface on top andstoraqe drawerabelow: he board ack olidee

eide-to-eide o holda workpiece lonq ront ed4eof the bench n conluncLion ith the face viae

Alaoknown 6 a aecretary'



SHAKERDESIGN

HOUSEHOLDRTICLES

Step atool(pase129)Asaembledwithaturdy throuqhdovetaila, heaemtni-atepladdereenabled hakeref ^ r e a . h + h a + ^ h

ehelvesand doora

of floor-to-ceilin4

cagework: three-

and four-etep ver-

9ton9 werealeo

common

Yarn eel paqeTB)Ueed n textile makinq,

this devtce eaturedacolumnand leqdeei4nborrowed rom Lhe can-dle eLand

Oval baeketsWiLh heir awallowLailoineryand copper acka, theaecontainerewereoold rn heLhoueanda o he outaideworld;aesembledmuch ikethaker boxee page138)

FootetoolAlonq wit.hchaira, ootetoolewereproduced nqreat quanLitieafor commercialaale

Drying rackUeuallymadefrom pine,rackewere uaedLo dry tow-elsand o air ouf,beddinq



SHAKERDESIGN

Clothes hanger

A typical thaker innoval,ion,Lhe

three-armed hanqer was a clever,

apace-eavin4 way to Itore clalthinq

Pegboard(pase138)With heir evenly pacedpe4o, heoe aile ined hewalla f moet thakerroome, holdtn4 veryfihtnqfrom hata and cloakeccandleeconceand clocke,likeLheoneehown

Wall clock(paqe 118)

Clocka ikeLhe one

ahownat left.

helped t he thakera

orqanize Lheir buay

workdayo. The

thakere ueually

bought Lhe mecha'

ntame and butlLLhe

caeeetof tL:aa

clock makero oined

Lhe movement, he

thakere beqan Lo

aeeembleLheir ownmechanigms

Likennny nntl Arnericansiving n tlrc 9tlt

Centrn'y,he Sltakers sedspirrrting heels,

Iikeone rortt Hotrcock haker illagesltotvrt

above, o rnake heir owrt extiles, s self-

reliantpeople,he Shakersepcntled rt srrclt

deviccs nd the skill o operntelwrt to rrtaitt-

tttirt lreir rdepetdenceft'om lteoutsitleworltl.

Candlesconces

Deetqned eo I;he heighL

of Lhe candlea and Lhe

li7hLtn4could be adjueted

ae Lhe candlee burned

and mell,ed down. The ver-

eion on the lefL fear,uree

wooden Lhreada Lo ratae

an d lowerLhe candle eup-

porL; Lhe one on l,he rt4hL

ha e a row of h oleaLhaL

a||owed he candleaconce

to be hunq from a peg-

board aL any hei7ht.

4 S " o .\ - i s . i , , 0

#s

ooooa-\

oo



I! l l

i tII

i lI



nticipatingmodern-day dvertis-

er sby more han 100 ears,he

Shakersroudly romotedheirwaresto a marketplacef non-believershowere everthelessoisedo purchase

qualityurniture. soneof theirearlycatalogs roclaimed, haker hairsoffered

durabilirysimplicity,nd ight-

ness."he evel f craftsmanshiphattheyattainednabledhem o batkuptheirclaims. haker-madehairs oldwell, rovinghat heirbusinesscumenwas swelldevelopeds heirpiety.

TheShakersadastutelyeasonedthatchairs ere he ightproductorthemarket. irst, hairs eededelativelylittlestocko build-comparedo case

furniture-so hey ould emade co-nomically.urthermore,ostmodelscould ebuiltquitequickly, nd heywere ompactndightenoughor easy

CHAIRS

Withpreciselyositionedndsized

mortises,hecrestail of theShaker-

stylemeetinghouseench hown bove

is ined onto hespindles.heShakersbuilt longer ersions f thebench o

serve spews t religiousmeetings.

mortise-and-tenonoints.The chair

back onsistsf slatshatmustbesteam-

bent.A traditionalmethod or forming

the chairseat-wovenrush-is shown

beginning n page 4.Thealternative

seat tyle llustrated n thephoto at farleft, usinga tapeupholsterymaterial

that the Shakers alled isting, is

explainedtarting npage 5.

With its turnedpartsandmortise-

and-tenonoinery, he Mt. Lebanon-

style ockingchair(page 8)sharesmany

features ith theEnfield.However,he

rear egsof the rocker,which arebent

for comfort, and the rockers hem-

selves-fixed o the egswith dowel-

reinforced ridle oints-are elegant

refinements. he chair s namedafterthe community n upstateNew York

whereprototypeswerebuilt.

Despitets traditionaluseasa pew

storagend ransportation.inally, hairs rea commonouse-hold tem;mostbuyersequired everal.ll of theseactorsenabledheirchair-makingnterpriseo contributeignifi-cantlyo Shakerrosperity.

This hapterresentstep-by-stepnstructionsorbuild-ing hree lassic hakerhairs. heEnfield ide hair page

26) eatnressimple esignhatbelieshe inecraftsmanshipand reciseoinery eededo build t. ts egs,ails, nd tretch-ers re urned n he athe, nd hepiecesre onnectedith

for eligiousurposes,hespindle-backedeetinghouseenchhasmany ontemporarypplications.heversionhown npage 8 eaturessolid-woodea twith ample oom ortwoor three sers.

Each f hesehairs-earlyxamplesfwhich re till ntacttoday-embodiesheShakerelief nce et orthby MotherAnn, ounder f hesect

Buildas hough ouwereo ive or

a housandears, ndas ouwoulddo fyou knew ouwere

to die omorrow."

Blueand whitecloth ape,or isting, s beingwoven

betweenhe ear egs f the ocker hown t left,providing

a strong, ttractive, nd ightweight eatback.This ocker

wasinishedwith tungoil, hen ubbedwith blue-tinted

beeswaxo harmonize ith thecolorof the isting.



ENFIELDSIDECHAIR

t]- h. most striking eatureof theI Enfield ide hair s ts backward

slantof 98o, sshown n theside iewon page 7.Thedesign llowshechair

to conform o theanatomy f the ypi-caluserandprovide omfortableeat-ing without needing team-bentackposts. heslant, owever,oes resent

a challengen executinghe oinery.Fewofthe oints n thischairare ut square;most are assembled t comooundangles.t is agood dea o refer ack o

thesideand opviews syoubuild hechair, sing he angleso helpsetupyourdrill whenboring he roundmor-tises. sa resultof theseat'srapezoidal

shape,he ront egs respacedarapart han he earones. lso, helegsaresplayed uhvard rom bottomtop by 2o . Consequently,he b

stretchers,eat ail, andslatsarepgressivelyongerowardshe opoichair.Refero the cutting ist on p27 or precise imensions.

ANATOMYFANENFIETDIDE HAIR

Kear leg

)ide aeat rail

Front aeat rail

Front atretcher

Front. eq



CHAIRS

ITEM

Legs

Seatail*

Stretchers*

Slats

Rear

Front

Front

BackSide

Front

Back

Side

Top

Midd le

Bottom

OTY

2

z

I

12

z

I

4

1

1

I

t

4 r %

19Y^

r8 %

I4Y,I4

I8Y,

r3%

T 4

I43/4

r4 %

W(lRDIAM.

IY4

IY4

I

11

%

3A

3A

2%

23/4

274

Y4

Y'

Y4

ThecherryEnfield ide hairshown

aboveeatures iber rushseatand a

tungoil inish,which ombineo create

a warm andnaturalappearanca

96' \ Rear 96 '

aeat--\

84" rail \ 84"

Kear

leo

Asshownn he opview f he

side hair1eft, op), he ront

legs reparallel,ut he earones re ngledlightlypart y

2".The lats reoinedo he

rear egs ta slight ngle. he

sideview left,bottod illus-

trateshechair's ackwardean.

Althoughhisdesigneature

Sideaeatrail

Front eliminatesheneedo bendhe

te q rear egs,he oints equireare-

ful execution.

SIDEVIEW

1l

\, , \

\17"

\

\

\18 "

t\\

\113/u"

*Note:Measurementsncludeenonengths.



CHAIRS

PTANNINGHE ()B

Usingstory oleTohelp ou ize ndpreparehechairegs,mark ey imen-sions nd he o cationf mort isesna shop-madetory ole.Maderoma str ip f plywood,hestory ole hown boveincludeshe ength f he rontand earegs, nd heplace-

ment f hestretcher,ai l , nd latmort ises.efero he ideviewl lustrat ionf heEnfieldhai r npage27or heheight

PREPARINGHE EGS.AITSND TRETCHERS

1 Routinghe latmortises

I in he earegs0utl ineheslatmort isesnyourearegblankssinghe tory ole hownbove,centeringheoutl inesn he nsideaceofeach lank. hen ecurene f heblanks etweenench ogs.nstal l %-inchmort i s ingi t na routerqu ippedwithanedge uide. enterhebitoverthemortiseutl ine ndadjustheedgeguideo but tagainsthestock; se hesecondegblanko supporthe outer.Make everalasses,ncreasinghecut-

t ingdepth i theach ass nti l hemor-t ise scompletedo a depth f%inch.Repeato routhe emainingort isesnboth lanksright),Ihenquarehecor-ners f hecavit iesi th chisel.

ofeach lement.hemarksn he igcan hen eusedo cthe eg lankso engthnd utl inehemortisesn h eblaNotehat hemortisesor he ront rback t retchersr aareoffset /zinch owerhan hemortisesor heside nesavoid eakeninghe egs. abelhestory ole ndkeept future hair-making.

FronL e1

9tory pole

)lat mortiaemark Kear e4

E N F I E L . DC I A I R I E G S F

s a

' F

5



CHAIRS

Turninghe inials n he earegs

Start ycutt inghe ovehat eparateshe inialrom he

cy l i nd r i ca lec t i on f he eg .U sea rough ingouge t i r s t ,

t hen w i t cho a sp i nd l e ouge . o ld inghe oo l n an unde r -

hand r ipand ubb i nghe beve l n hes t ock , l i ce n t o he

w ood ndm ake scoop i ngu tdow n he m i dd l e f hecove

r) Turninghe ear egs

L Place rear egblank etweenen-

tersonyour athe, os i t ionhe ool est

as c l ose s poss i b l eo the workp iece

w i t h o u to u c h i n gt , a n d u r no n h em ach i ne . uppo r t i ngrough ingouge

on he ool est , arefu l l y ove he bevel

un t i l t ouchesheb l ank nd hecu t t i ng

edge ta r t s emov ing as te . on t i nue

work ing l la l onghe eng t h f he b l ank

unt i lyou orma cy l inder lef t ) ,wi th he

bevel ubbing nd he oolpo int ingn he

di rect ionf hecut .

(above,eff). witchoa skew hiseloshapehe inial . ettheblade n he ool est nd dvancet unti l t cuts nto hestock. hapehe inial sdesired,akingurehebevels ub-

bing hroughouthecut (above,ight). se andpapero shapethe ip .Turnheothereareg nd ts in ia lhe ame ay.

29



CHAIRS

Turninghe ails nd tretchersTurnhe a i l s nd t re tc herss ou

d i d t h c r p a r p o s ( n a o p 2 Q l r r s i n o : n : r i -\ f e b e 1 J ' '

i np oo l o r : r r the enons t heends f

o a c h n i o c p( r i o h f )

F n c , t v p : c , n r r o i t h vt t t b t t ' / . ' ' ' J v '

mak inghed iamete rf he enons qua l

to thatof the bi t youwi l l use o bore hem n r i i s p q ( n a o p ? / ) T h p i p n n n l p n o i h

r r q b v v

sh o u l deo n e -h a l fh e h i ckn e ssf h elegs. inal ly,urn he ront egs.

MAKING HESLATS

1 Steaminshe latst -

I Se tup a s teamrngig . e fe r r ingo he back ndpaperor

cons t ruc t ione ta i l s . l so ave bend ingig ready s tep ) .

Tu rnon hes team ource ndmark hecen te r f each la t .

Once team eg inso escaperom he1 ig ' s ra in o le , lace

s la t ns ide . loseheendcap igh t l y nd e t hewood team

unt i l t issoft .Asa rough uide, team ir-dr iedumberoro

hour er nchof hickness;al f hat ime orgreen ood.

sca ld ingour ands ywear ing o rk loves ndus ing on

to hand lehes tock above) .l acehe nex t l a t n the ig

bend hesteamedlatwithout elay.



CHAIRS

r) Bendinghe lats to makehebendingorm hown bove,enterhemortisesor heoowers

alonghe ength f hesupportoards.he istanceetweenhe wooutsidedowelshould esl ightlyesshan hespan fa slatwhent iscurved.ssoonasyou emoveslat rom hesteamer,uicklyi t t betweenhedowels.enterheslats gainsthemiddle owel nd ushheends ehrndheoutsideowels.

Alternatehedirectionf heslatsoequal izeressuren he ig.

PREPARINGHE EGSORHE AITSND TRETCHERS

Q Preparinghe latsor heirmortisesr- , f Let he lats ry n hebendingorm ora coup lefdays,hen est - f i them n her e a r e s s : n d c r r t h c m t n l p n o i h F n r 2 q n r o

' " " b . " . '

f i t , sand heends f hes la t s n a sp ind le

shaper . a re fu l l yand ow n hepa r t f he

back ace hatwill it into he mort iseabovd;

checkhe i t per iodical lysyougo.A gouge

canalso e used o cut awav aste nt i l ou

have good it.

' lPreparinghe ront egs or

I the ront ai lsandstretchers

Theonly oundmort isesn heEnfeld hair

thatare r i l led t 90 'are hosen he ront

legsor he ront a i l s ndst retchers.se

your tory ole page 8) o outl inehe hole

locat ionsn he ront egs ndbore hem

onyour r i l lpress. uta V-shapededge

outof a wood lock, reat ing ig hatwi l l

c rad lehe egs s ou r i l l heholes.nsta l l

b i t he ame iameters he a i lnd t re tch-e r enons ,nd l amphe ig o hem ach i ne

t ab l e o hebo t tom f heV iscen te red

unde rheb i t .Then lacehe eg n he ig

and e t hedr i l l i ng ep tho s l i gh t l y o re

than he enonength aboutwo-thi rdshe

s t ock iameter .o ld inghe egwi thone

hand, ore he mortrses/ef t , ) . epeator

theotherront eg.

2"x 2 "

oupportboard



CHAIRS

r) Preparinghe ear egs or

L me back ailsan dstretchers

Themort isesn herear egs or he b

rai ls ndstretchersustbeangled o

by2' to compensateor hesl ight p ln r r i n f t h o h : r ' k l p s q S p f n n p n f t h p l p

uprrghtn a bench ise,making ure

vert ical . sea protractoro adjust s

ingbevelo 92".Wrap str ip f mas

tape roundheb i t o mark hedr i l l

depth-aboutwo{hirdshe egdiam

To help ouhold he dr i l lat he corr

angle syoubore hehole, ape he h

dleof hesl id ing evelo he eg ndk

the b i t pa ra l l e lo the b lade f the o

Stop r i l l ing nce hedepth lagcon

thestock.Reoeathe orocesso dr i l lremainingolesn both egs /el t ) ,e

t i on inghe eg n hev ise nd hes l ih c v p l n n t h p l p o 2 q n p . p (---ssary.

C Gluinghe ront ndback ails, tretchers,nd lats o he egs

r -J Be fo re r i l l i nsheho lesn he ess o r hes ide a i l s nd

s t re tchers ,r r . rb l . t he ron t egs nO hen he rear egs .

Start ing i th he ront egs, pread lue n he ai landstretcher

tenons nd n the egmor t i sesnd i t t he p iecesoge t

Tap he oints nto inalposi t ion i tha wooden al let .Re

for he ear egs, lu ingheslats n place swel l above)

W



CHAIRS

Preparinghe egsorthe ide ails nd tretchers

Themor t i sesn he ecs o r hes ide a i l s

ands t re t chers us tbe d r i l l ed t com-

pound ng les- they reang l edn bo t hthe hor izonta lndver t ica l lanes. tar t

by secu r i ng neof t he rear egs n a

h a n d s c r e wn dc l a m p i n gh ea s s e m b l y

upr ighto a work ur face. henuse he

cha i r ea t nds ide i ews n page 7 , a

protractor,nda sl iding evelo determine

t h ed r i l l i n g n g l e sy o ud i d n s t e p .

B u t ns t eadf ap ingwos l i d ing eve l s

to thestock, ut wosquare ieces f p ly-

wood, lamping ne o the eg o indicate

thever t i ca l ng l e nd hesecondo he

rai lor s t re tcheror he hor izonta lng le.Fo reach o l e , l i gn he b i t w i t h he op

edge f hever t i ca lu ide l abe l edIDE

in he l lustrat ion)nd heside dge f he

hor izonta lu ide labeled 0P) (r ight) .

Again, top r i l l ing hen hedr i l l ing epth

f l a g o n t a c t sh es t o c k .U s i n g i m i l a r

methods,r i l l he ront egassembly.

ASSEMBTINGHECHAIR

Gluingp hechai r

0ncea l l hemor t i sesredr i l l ed , p r eadg lue n he enons f hes i de a i l s nd

stretchersnd n he mor t ises,nd i t the

niecesopetherJse wooden al le t nd

a wood locko tapal l he ointsnto ina l

posi t ionlef t ) . Ihen et hechai r pr ight .

The our egs hould l lbe la ton he loor .

l f no t , oumayhave o app l y r m bu t

gent lewist ingo oneor more f he con-

nect ionso coax he egs ntoposi t ion.



RUSHSEAT

f, arlyShaker hairs,ike he En

I-.i chair featured n the precepages, ere inishedwith rushseTraditionally,he ushwasnatural,

sisting f marsh rasswistednto a cwhich waswoven n a centerdiam

Dattern ver he rame.Rush eat

bothcomfortablenddurable, nd

bedonen anhourandahalforsooyou get heknack.

This section hows ow to rus

chairseatwith a morecontemDmaterial-tough-grade,iber

^pa

twistednto ongstrands,nownas

or manila ush.Craftsupply ealeusually oodsources fidvice for

appropriateize ndamountof rneededor aparticular roject.Be

starting, prayhe ndividuallengrushwith water o keep hempliab

A iberrushseat s woven ntoa Shaker-inspirednfield hair.

Usinghk traditionalmaterial nd hesimpleechniqueor install-

ing t can mpart a charming ppearanceo anystick-stylehair.

RUSHINGCHAIREAT

1 Bridginghe rontailI Sincehe ai lshat ormhe eat fan Enfe ld ha i r onot orm souare.youmustuse usho create squareeatframe.Measurehedifferencen ength

betweenhe ront ndback eat ails nd

divideourmeasurementn half.Measureyour esult longhe ront ai l rom ach

of he ront egs ndmake mark n herai l .Tack length f sl ightlyampened

rushinghat saboutwicehe engthf hefront ai l o he nside fa side ai l bout

2 inchesrom he ront eg. oophe usharoundhe ront ail rom nderneath,hen

aroundhe ide ail rom nderneath.ring

the ush crosshe ront ai land ooot

aroundheother ide ai land he ront

rail n hesamemannerright). oldingthe ushaut, ack t o heside ai l ppo-

site he irst ack.



CHAIRS

r) Squaringhe eatrameL Fasten length f rush longsidehef i rs t ne, s inghe echn iqueescr ibeinsteo . Looot aroundhe ront nd

side ai ls,ike he irst trands,nd asteni t o heopposi tea i l .Cont inuedd inglengths f rush left)untilyou eachheoffsetmarks oumade n he ont ai l .R o c r r r p t n l r p p n l h e r r r c L ^ ^ + ; - L + ^ - r

L w r \ u L p L r r L I u J l l d J L l B l l t d l l U

s , t r : i oh i : s nnsc ih lc

usinghesame atternabove,ight).When ouget o theendofa engh f ush, lampt emporarilyo heseatrameokeepttaut nd ttacht o a new iece sing figure ight not. ocatetheknots n heundersidef heseat o heywillno tbevisible.

WeavingcompleteircuitOnceou ave quaredheseatrame,ou anbeginushing

theseat llaroundhe rame. orkingith napproximately0-foot engh f ush,ackt o he ide ail earhe earegs nd oopit aroundll he ails bove,eft). eep orkingroundhechair



CHAIRS

,{Checkingheweaveorsquare

- fOnce veryhirdor ourth ircui t ,

checkwhetherhesides f heseat r

pe rpend icu la ro each the r .Ho ld in

the eng th f rush n a co i lw i thonehand , u t ta t r ysquaren one o rne

of heseat lefD.Ihe andle ndblad

of thesquare hould est lushagain

the ushing.f not,use f lat- t ip crew

drivero straightenheside hat s ou

o f -square ,ush inghe ast i r cu i t o

ins ta l l edga ins thead jacen t nes

Repea t t the rema in ingorners f

the seat.

f,Stuffinghe seat

, . ,1Once he ushinssaboutwolhirds

done, t is ime o provrOextra adding

by stuffing he seat.To preventhe rush

from lackening,sea spr ing lamp o

securehe ooseeng th ouare ns ta l l -

ing o a seat ai l .Use ardboardor he

paddrng,utt ing ne r iangularieceor

each ide f heseat o hat he r iangle 's

long ide ssl ight lyhorterhan heseat

ra i l . l i p hepadd ingnderhe ush ing(righ),Ihen rim he ips f theyoverlapn

thecenter. ont inuehe normal i rcui t s

before nt i l he woside ai ls re overed.



CHAIRS

4iCompletinghebridge

\ ,1 S ince heseat n an Enfe ld ha i r s

deepe rhan t i sw i de ,he ush i nge i ng

ins ta l l edn hes i de a i l s i l lm ee t n he

middle f heseat e forehe ush n hef r on tandback a i l s .Once h i soccu r s ,

use t echn i quenow n sbr i dg ingo l l

t hegap .Loop he ush i ng n he ron t

andback a i l swi tha f gure-e ightat tern

weave, ass inghe rushover he back

rai l ,down hroughhe center , nderhe

sea t ndup a r oundhe r on t a il . hen

br ingherush ver heseat rom he ront

ra i landback ow n h r oughhecen t e r( r ioh f ) Pac ,e ,he r r rsh r rndc r the cp : t\ t t b t t e ' '

com eupa r oundheback a i l ga i n nd

r o n p : i t h p n r n n o d r r r p

7 Finishinshe obT -

/ O nce ouhave r i dgedhe gap

betweenhe rontandback a i l s , e t he

cha i r ps i de ow n na work ab l e nd

tack he ast t rand f rush o theunder -

sideof the backseat ai l (left).Cu toff

the excess.



SHAKERROCKING HAIR

he Shaker ocker shownbelow thenboredwith an electricdrill (page

32); hemortisesmustbe angled " tocompensateor the outward play f thelegs romthebottom o the op.

Drilling he mortisesn the egs ortheotherstretchersnd ails s simolerbecausehere reno holes tcomooundangles. he mortisesor the ront railsandstretchersre90o oles hatcanbeboredon the drill presspage 1).The

mortisesor heside ailsandstretccanbeboredwith a drill andshop-mdrilling uidespage 3);adjusthe

TO

guide o the appropriatengle, nd

up the SIDE"guide t 90".The ollowing ages resente

niques hat areunique o buildinShaker ocker,ncludingbendingrear egs page 0),andmakinghearand ockerspage 1).

shares any eaturesndbuildingtechniques ith the Enfield idechair.Forexample,he crest ail mortisesn

the earlegsre outed page2|)beforethe eg s re urnedandbent. ln thischair, he rear egs rebent rom thearms o the op, nstead f being antedback,ason the Enfield.) he mortisesfor thebackstretchers,ail,andslats re

ANATOMYFA SHAKEROGKINGHAIR

Kear ea

Arm

Arm butLon

Railandstretcherto legjoint

Leg oroakerjoint

\

tr

Front le4

)tetcher

Creat rail



THTEM

Legs

Seatails*

Stretchers*

Arms

Rockers

Slats*

Crestail

front*

rear

front

back

side

frontback

side

top

bottom

CHAIRS

W ORDIAM.

LY,

I %

1

1

1

%%

%

3Y,

6

%

%

OTY

L

a

1

I

a

z

1

4aL

Z

1

1

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t

zz'/?

4rv,22

17Y,

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3 1

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17/,

t 8 %

%

%

Built in HancockShakerVillage,

the rockershown abovefeaturesa woven-splint eat.TheShakers

made this seatingfrom wood,

which they soaked n waterforseveralweeks, hen split into

long strips nd wovearound he

seat ails.

'IDEVIEWKear eq

TOPVIEW

Asshownn heoverheadiew f herocking hak |eft, op),therontof

the eatswiderhan heback nd hetopsof he ear egs re arther partat he op han hebottom. sa result,

the ails nd lats reprogressively

longerrom hebottomo he opof

thechair. ike he earegs,heslatsare team-bentorcomfort. he rontlegs reparallelo he ront ails ndstretchersllsharehesameengh.

Asshownn hesideuiew |eft,

bottom),heside ails ndstretchersare erpendicularo he egsn he

vertical xis. comfortablenglesachievedybendinghe earegs,

ratherhan ncl ininghem. or al-

ance,he ockersontactheground

2 to 3 inchesn ront f he earegs.The llustrationsnd uttingis tpro-

vide ppropriateimensionsndangleshaiyou an ransferoyour

storypole page &.

Front aeat rail

\',1"

' % '

\\

t

*Notes:Dimens ionsnc ludeenon eneths.



CHAIRS

PREPARINGHEREAREGS

r) Preparinghe egs or he ockers

L Oncehe egsare ry,markholesor he screwshatwi l l

fastenhe egs o the rockers;ocate hole n each egabout

inch rom he bottom nd.Cuta V-shapededge utof a wood

b lock , rea t ing ig ha tw i l l ho ld he egs syoubore he

ho les . l amphe ig o your r i l lp ressab le o hebo t tom f

theV i scen te rednder heb i t .Then lacehe eg n he ig

anda l ign hemarked o in tw i th heb i t .Ho ld inghe egwr th

onehand, ore countersunkole hree-quartersf the way

1 Bendinshe esst -

I Rout hecrest a i lmort isesn the ear egs page 8), u

themonyour athe page 9), hensteamhe egs page 0)for bending.o bend hem o theproper rc,usea shop-mj ig, ike heoneshown t ef t .For he ig base, ut a piece

plywoodongerhan he egs,henmake he bendingorm r

a piece f sol id tock l ight lyhickerhan he egdiameter

yourband aw, ut the desired urve-about10"-on bot

edges f he orm, tart inghecutabout al fway p he boa

Then crew he orm o the base nd asten stopblockon

each ideof thestraight ort ion f he orm; hegapbetwe

the blocks nd he ormshould qual he egdiameter. sso

asyou ake he egs rom he s teamer ,e t hemon he ig

betweenhe ormand he blocks, l igningthe oint n he e

thatwi l l be oinedo theseat ai lswith hestart f hecurvcut on he orm.Then, rotect inghe stockwithwoodpad

instal l bar lamp ustbelowheslatmort iseso bend he e

snugly gainsthe orm.Securehe opof he egs gainsth

formusing handscrew/eff).

throughhe stock above,eft) . fhenout l ine notch n he

bo t tom ndo f each egperpend icu la ro he ho le ,mak ing

widthequalo the hicknessf he rockersnd ts height b

one-hal fhe ocker eight. ut hesides f he notchesnyo

band aw, hen emovehewaste etweenhe kerfs, havin

awayhewood n hin ayers i tha chisel . lamp stopbloc

in place i than arccutoutof one ace o steadyheworkp

bbove, right).

- -a,l F d



CHAIRS

HEARMSANDTHEROCKERS

Cutt inghearms nd ockers

o theana t om yl l us t ra t i on

npage

8, make templateor he arms.heshape none r mb l ank ,hen

ip he emplate ver ndout l inehesec-

ndarm; hiswi l lensurehat he woare

mages f each ther .Oneach rm,

mark hemor t isehatwi l laccepthe

endof he ront eg.Cut

o shape nyourbandsaw right).

he orocesso saw he rockers.

r) Preparinghearms orassembly

Z A t t t r oushhe enons t t he ends fr ound ar t s f hecha i r - l i ke he egs ,

rai ls. t retchers.ndslats-canbedone

on he lathe page 0), he tenons t the

back ndo f hea r m s anno t e u r ned .

Ins tead ,ns ta l l dowe l u t t e r nyou r

dr i l lp r ess ,i l t hem ach i neab l e 0 " and

c l am o hea rm n o l ace r th he e non-

endcen t e r ednde rhecu t te r . e t he

dr i l l r ngep t h tone-ha l fhe eg i am e t e r

thencut the enon /eff).



CHAIRS

ASSEMBLINGHEROCKINGHAIR

'l Gluinghe ront nd earegassembliesogetherl -

I Gluing p he ockinghair o l lows uch hesame roce-

dure sed o r he En f ie ld ha i r .S ta r t ya t tach inghecres tra i l .s la ts . a i l s . nds t re tcherso the wo ear eps napc

33 , ) . hen lue he a rms , a i l s , nds t re tcherso the ron t

legs.nce headhesiveas ured,preadlue n he enothe ide ai ls nd tretchersnd n heirmort isesn he egfi t he woassembliesogetherabovd. se dead-blowamto ap he. lo in tsn to na l os i t ion .

/t\=

r) Makinghear mbuttons

L Preparewoblanks nddr i l la mort ise

hal fwayhrough ach ne izedo accept

the enon t the opendof he ront egs.

Glue length f doweln each ole,hen

use hedowelo mount neof heblanks

onyour athe. urn he button o shape,

then mootht wi thsandoaoerhi le t is

still spinning n he lathe righil.Remoue

thebuttonrom he machine nddr i l lout

thedowel.



CHAIRS

Attachinghe egs o he ockers

Set he ockersna flatsurfacendositronhechair n hem o he eareg s

itabout inchesehindhepoint hereontacthesurface. se

o shaoehebottom f henotches

in he e gs o hey ieperfectlyla ton heockers,henmarkhescrew oles n he

f he ockers,singheholesn

he egs sa gurde. emovehe hair ndho le teachmark, e t hecha i r

psideown, nd epositionhe ockers

chair.Now crewhe ess nd

ogetherright).

t) Installinshearm uttons<

r-,1Once oth rmbuttons re eady,

spreadluen heirmort isesnd n he

tenons t he opendof he ront egs.

Then ositionhebuttonsn hearms/eft).



TAPESEAT

Q haker ape, al led ist ingby therJ Shakers,egan o supplant thertlpes of woven eatmaterials fter1830.Its rangeof colors, eatappearance,

durabilitv. ndease f installationmadeit ideal or furniturebuilders ent onproducing ualitygoodsasefficiently

aspossible.nd unlikecane r othernaturally ccurringmaterials,apedoes

not dry out or split;nor doest pinch

or snag lothing.Shownbelowand on the ollowing

pages, eavings airlysimple.One engthof tape, alled hewarp, s anchoredo

the side ailsandwrapped roundfrontandbackseat ails n adjoirows.A secondength, alledhewe

wovenalternatelynderand ove

strandshat orm hewarp.Looseare oinedby weavinghem bacthemselves,nsuring hat the r

alwavsemain arallel.Shakerapeisavailablen %-an

inchwidths rom folk-artsuppliers

canweavehe basic abbystyle hin this section r create wideva

of designshat nclude asic ndcplexgeometrichapes.

TheShakerockinghair hownat left eatures anvasape eat-

ing aswellasa tapeback.

WEAVINGTAPE EAT

1Anchoringhewarpow s

I Tack lengthf ape o he nside f a side eatailabout2 inchesrom he eareg o hat he apesparal lelo he ai l .Loophe ape roundheback ai l rom nderneath,nsur ing

th eedge f hematerialutts gainsthe earegbbove).Wthe ape roundhe ront ai landpul l t owardshebackfrom nderneath.



CHAIRS

r) Stuffingheseat

I Conlinuerappinghewarp roundthe ront nd ackai lsrom nderneathmakingure djoiningows f ape re n

contact.heweavehould e ight, utnot o aut hat heresnoplayor heweft owso bewoven etweenhewarp

rows. nce ou re bout alfwayo heoppositeide ai l , t is ime ostuff heseat. ooreventhe aoe rom lacken-

ing, ie he ooseength f ape o one f

thes la ts . uy p iece f 1- inch- th ick

foam addingom cra f t upp lyrhardwaretore nd ut t witha craftkni feo i t withinhe eatai ls. l ip hepadding etweenhe ape ayersleft),

centerinet betweenhe ai ls.

Completinghewarp

Continueeavinghewarp ows

unti l ou eachheoppositeide ai l ndtheback eatai l sentirelyrappedn

tape. henemporari lyack he oose

length f ape o heside ai l below)

and utoff he oosend.



CHAIRS

StartingheweftSet hechair pside own n a w

surfacehatwi l lenableouoworkfortably.tart inglongheback ea

oppositeheplace hereoubeganhwarp,l ip heend f heweftape nthe irst trand f hewarp, verhen

and ont inuei th h isunder-andweaventil ou eachhe astwarp tPu l l heexcessapehrough,eaviinchesrsoat he tart ingoint.Wethispart ack n tsel foanchorhein place left). l ip hechair prigand ontinueeavingn he opsidtheseat.

f,Fillinghe apsn hewarp

r-,/ Weavebouthree ows fweft,he nb e g i ni l l i n gn h e r i a n g u l a ra p se f ta longheside a i l s hereou nsta l ledthewarp. ut engthfwarpapeongenoughoweavewo ows f seating,lus

about inches,nd l ip he ape nderthe as t trand fweft eneathheseatandaroundhe ront eat ai l , utt ingtagainsthe ast ow fwarp ouwovenstep . Then eturno hebackai l , ass-

ing he ape nderhe astweft ow ndoverhesecondne right).Weavenotherwarp ow dlacento he ast nehesameway. eaveheexcessangingornow;youwi l lbeab leoweavet n to he ub-sequent eft ows.Weavehreemore eftrows nd epeathegap-f i l l ingrocess.



CHAIRS

SplicingapeI lf you unou tof ape eforeinishinghewarp r heweft,ouwil lneedo oin woends. ou an t i tchhem ogether

hread, uta simpler ethods o startweavingnewt a point bout inches eforeheendof he irst

tape bovd, verlappinghe apes ndbindinghemogetherby r ic t ion . seh is echn iquen heunders idef heseatwi th hecha i r ps ideown o hatnoseamsrbu lges i l lbe i s ib le .

tr l Completingheweft ows\,f Continueeavingheweft,wrappingeach ow roundheside ai ls ndweav-ingover ndunderhewarp owsleft).

Avoidwist inghematerial .s ou inisheach ow, ul l t ightagainstheprevious

onewith our ngers. syouwork our

way owardheside a i l , hewarp i l l

becomencreasinglyight. omake pacefo r heweft, lide blunt nife etweenthewarp ows snecessary.hen ou

haveaiddownhe nalweft ow,weaveit back n tsel fo hold t in place. lsoweaven any oose nds f ape n heundersidef heseat.



N,{EETINGHOUSEENCH

-[ t h. meetinghouseench erved saI pew or heShakers.ur ing er-

vices,he aithfulwould itand istenoa sermondelivered y an elder.At the

close f hemeeting,hebenchesouldbemoved ut of thewayandhung rom

a pegboardpage138).Wth the loor

cleared,he Shakers'itualdancing-

Madeof cherrywith a pineseat,

themeetinghouseench hown t

Ieft s modeled fter hose sedby

Shaker orshippers.ecauseeo-

pleare arger han heywere n the

Shakers'ime. heseat s wider

than hat of an originalbench.

from which heyderive heir nam

wouldbegin.Although anyShakerommu

hadbenches f the style hown n

section,he design s believedo originatedn Enfield,NewHamp

Typically,he crest ail, egs, nds

dleswerebuilt from mapleor ch

and the seat rom pine.Many e

examplesemain ntact,asa res

sound onstruction nd carefu

dlingby their makers.As shownbelow, he bench'

are aked o the ront andback,bunotsplayedideways.hespindle

crest ai l are apered nd the ra

angled t heends.

ANATOMYFA MEETINGHOUSEENCH

Crearail

D

I



CHAIRS

OTY

I1

1 1

4

2

t

4444

I 4

I 7

I 4

CUTTINGIST

ITEM

SeatCrestail

Q n i n d l p c *

I poq*

Stretchers*

W ORDIA.

I 44

%

LY,

%

TH

L %%

*Note:Dimens ionsnc ludeenon eneths

PREPARINGHE EAT

1Drillinghe egholes

I Clamp our eat lank ottom-facepona work urfacendmark referenceineacrosshesurface inchesrom

nd, henpinpointheholesor he egs;heback olesrom heback dge f heseat nd he

hould e 1% nchesrom he ront dge. i tarace i tha spoon i t hesame iameters he egs.

ohe lp ou r i l l heho les t he orrect ;s f tspo lem:kc

twoguidesroma short ood crap,miteringheguideorthe ront egs t 5" and heone or heback egs t 15" .Set heappropriateuide nedge n he ef erenceine fewinchesrom heholemark ndhold heb i tpara l le lo hemitered dge f heguide. he n ore he hole abovd, top-pingwhen ouareaboutwo-thirdsf heway hroughhestock-about nch eep.



CHAIRS

r) Dri l l inghe pindleolesf- Boreheholesor heseat pindlessing our ri l lpress

and shop-madeig .Mark re fe renceine n he op aceof heseat aral lelo heback dge nd1 inch wayrom t .Thenmarkhesp ind leo les ,tar t ingbout % nchesromtheends nd pacinghe emain ingo les qua l ly .oensurethat hespindlesre i l ted ack t hecorrectngle, djustprotractoro 10"anduse heshop-madei l ted ableigshown

aboveo i l t heseatn re la t iono heb i t .For he ig , e tp iece f p lywoodn hemachineab le , laceheseat lank

on op, nd l ip 2-by-2 nderhep lywoodara l le li thback dge. oldingheprotractorase n heseat nd hblade exto hebit, eposit ionhe2-by-2 nti l hebladparallelo hebi t (above,efil. henscrewheZ-by-2Iohewood nd lamphe ig o hemachineable. odri l l hehset hedr i l l i ng epth t wo- th i rdsheseath icknessthe irstmark nderhebit,and lamp boardo he iga

fence longhe eatront 'sdge. hen, oldinghe eat gthe ence, ore ach olebbove, ight).

QPreparingoshapehe eat'sop

r.,l Cut he ecess n heseat'sopsur-face nyourable aw. tart ymarking

theprofi le f heseat n heworkpiece.Referringo heanatomyl lustrat ionnpage 8,outl inehe hapef heends n

thebottomace nd nd rain f heblank.Tooutlinehe ecess,et heseatop ace-down nyour ab le aw nd rankhebladeo hedesiredepth fcut .Posit iontheseat o he ecess i l lbecenteredbetweenhemidd le nd heback dge,then ut l ineheb lade n heend f he

s tock ndmark re ferenceine n hesaw able longheseat'srontedgerighil.

Now lamp board sa guide o hat ts

edgesal igned i th he eferenceine.

Trotractor

/ )

a''7i_

\ Keference line



CHAIRS

f ,Shapinghe opof heseat

s, / C lamp he seat ace-up n a worksur face nd marka

guidel inelong he ength f the recessoucut asa reminder

of wherehecurved ort ion f theseat opwi l lend.Referr ing

to theout l ine n heendof hestock, se hand laneo f in-

is hshapinghe seat op (above),emoving aste romend o

e n da n da l w a y su t t i n g i t h h eg r a i n . o n t i n u en t i l y o u

reach our ut l ine.

,{Cutt inghe ecessn heseat op

-TAdjusthe blade o a cutt ing eight f

' / ,uinch.Slowlyeed he seatacrosshe

t a b l e i t ho n eh a n d , h i l e r e s s i n gt

aga i ns thegu i de oard i t h he o ther .Make s manypassess necessarynt i l

theblade ut l ine n heendof hestock

disappearsleft), aisinghe blade%unch

at a t ime.Fora smooth n ish, a isehe

blade ery l ight ly ndmake f na lpass.

Cuttingheends f he eatFol lowinghecut t ingines n he op ace f heseat , u t

endsonyourbandsaw above). eep heworkpiecelat on

machineable syou eed t, hen andhecutends mooth.

the

the



CHAIRS

I Shapingheundersidef he eat

I Theends nd ront dge f heseare eveledn tsunderside.evelhfront dge f heseat nyourable a

t i l t inghebladeo a 45' angle.he narebest hapedyhandwitha carve

drawknife.lamoheseatace-dowa work urface.hen, oldinghe ooboth ands i th heblade evel-doa 45 'ang leo he n d f he eat , u

towardou o shave ff waste ood le

Onceou re atisfiedith hebevel,theends mooth.

JOININGHELEGS OTHESEAT

1Preparinghe egsor he tretchers

I Turn he egs nyouralhe page 8),taperinghem o a diameterf % nch

at he opdtld %oinch t hebottom. lso

turn hestretchersnto ylinders,orminga tenon page 9)at each nd.Toensure

that hes t re tchero lesn he egs i l lbeat hecor rec tng le ,r i l l hemwi th

th eseatace-downnawork urfacendthe egs ry - ft ted n he i r o lesn he

seat .nsta l l spade i t n ane lect r i cdr i l landwrap st r ip f maskingapearoundhebit omarkhedri l l ingepth-

about ne-ha l fhed iameterf he eg.A lsomark po in t a l fwaypeacheg(seeheanatomynpage 8).Then old-ing he eg n tshole nd hebitparal lel

to heseat urface,ri l l hehole t hemark, topp inghenhemaskingapecontactshe stock right).



CHAIRS

Preparinghe egs nd

stretchersorwedges

Reinforcehe oints onnectinghe egso

theseat nd hestretcherso he egs ith

wedges.ut he kerfsor hewedgesnyour and aw.When ou re erfng helegs, o ldhe eg n hemachineab le

with hestretcherole acing tr aightp.

Thiswi l lensurehat hewedgesn he

legs re erpendicularo hegrain f he

seat, reventingheseatrom pli t t ing.Feedheworkpiecento heblade,l icing

a kerf o a depthof about z nch righil.

Cut hekerfsn hestretchershesame

way,makingurehat hewedgesi l lbeperpendicularo hegrain f he egs.

Q Gluingp he eg s nd tretchers

r.,l To makewedgesor he kerfs, ut

some ardwoodiecesn heband awsl ightlyesshan% nch ong nd% nch

th ick t hebase,aper ingo a pornt .

Start ygluinghestretcherso he egs.

Spreadome dhesiven hewedgesnd

in hekerfs swel lason hestretchertenonsnd hemortisesn he egs, nd

inserthewedgesnto heir erfs. i t hestretchernd egsogether,sing wood-

enmalleto ap hepiecesnto inal osi-

tion.You an eavehewedgesrotrudin

from hekerfs insef);heywil lsi t ushwith heends f he egs nd tretcherswhen ou ap he ointsogether.ext,gluehewedgesnto he egs, preaddhe-sive n hecontactingurfacesetween

the egs nd heseat, nd ap he egsintoposition/eff,).

r--)V.,



CHAIRS

Sawinghe egso engthThe echniquehown bove i l lens

tha ta l l ou r egs reprec ise lyhesam

length. ut ourwood locksroma sin

board ,henno tch neo f the b locksf t around leg insei l .Placehe blo

aroundhe rst eg o becut.Holding

leg rm lyw i thonehand , u t t to s i z

w i tha f ush -cu t t i ngaw.Once he rs

leg s r immed,emovehenotched lo

and ep lacet w i thone f he ema in

blocks. osi t ionhenotched iece rou

thenext egandmakehecut.Cont inu

this wayuntilall our egsar ecu t (righ

l f youwant he bencho have backw

s lan t , acksh ims o the bo t toms f th

front egs eforer imminghe egs.

GTUINGHECREST AILANDSPINDLES()THESEAT'l

Preparinghecrest ail or hespindles

I Cu t hec res t a i l o s i ze ,henmarkthespindle oles n tsbottom dge, sing

theholes oudr i l led n heseat sa guide.

C lamp p iece f p lywoodsanaux i l i a ry

table oyour r i l lpress,nstal l brad-point

bi t ,andadlusthedr i l l ing eptho about

1 inch .A l ign he rs tho lemarkunder

t h e b i t a n dc l a m p b o a r do h ea u x i l -

iary able lush gainsthe ace f he ai l .

Th isw i l lse rve sa fence o oos i t i onhe

rai l .Butt inghe ai lagainsthe ence, r i l l

the holes righil.



CHAIRS

) Gluingp he pindlesnd restai lseatace-uona work ur-

hen preadlue n h eends f he

nd n heholesn heseat nd

hecrest a i l .F i t hesn ind lesnto heappingach ne nto inal osi t ion

a dead-blowammerabove).nce

he pindlesre nplace,i t he ai l n

opand ap t nto osit ion.or ddit ionalou anpeg he oin ts

hesoindlend he eat nd ai l

each nd f hebench. r i l lhepeg

nto he pindleshroughheback

f heseat nd heoutsideace f

ol lowingheprocedurexplained

npage 10.

illrlltjil ilJliIllJlltli ]l]tillrJlll lll lt IJllllil lil

1HO?TI?laperinglhe areElrailon a planerlf you wiehNo a?er the crest, ailof the bench oXhe op edqe onirrowe, han ti e bot t om,usea Nhickneeelaner nda bhop-maejig.Fo rNheiq , ack two woodetriVe o a boardNhat s longer ndwider han the rail.Oneof he eLrioe hould e wiceas thick as heoIher, nd he 4apbeNweenhem hould eabout,1nch eeshanNh ewidlhof the rail,ClampNhei4 LoNhe lan'er ableso Lheboard ndNhe Nrioe xtendlromeachsideof the machine y eeveral J;i,inches. ow urn on he planer nd makea Dao6hrouah he machine ith he

bottom edqebf he rail fluehayainol heNhickertripandlhetop edqe roVpedVonlhethinner tr iV.l l takee many?aeoeoao necelearyNoachieve hedesiredtaper .ThenNurn lhea i lover ndrepeat, he proceee,Nhie ime

with Lhe rail'e boLIom

edgebuLbedqainotNhehinner lr ip,aeshown bove,



"'w*{



he early ears f Shakercommunitieswerefar

from bountiful.As one esi-dentof theHancock illagesaidn 1791,

Ourfoodwas

veryscanty. utwhatwehad,we atewith thankfulhearts.Forbreakfastndsupper, elivedmostlyuponbeanpor-ridgeandwater orridgeJ' ythesecond ecadefthe19thCenturyhowever,heShakers'capacity or ceaselessardworkbeganopayoffinmate-rialprosperiry

Shaker ining tablesaremute estamento the com-

munities' successn fields,bams, ndgardens.s ncreas-ingnumbers f convertsoined

the movement,mealtimessaw he Shakers rowdedelbow o elbowaround hedinnerable, atingn solemnsilence nd,as n most of

TABLES

Wth helpfrom a shop-builtig that rests n thebedof

a lathe,a routerfittedwith a dovetail itplowssockets

in thecolumnofa candle tand.Thesocketsill mate

with slidingdovetails t the op endsof the egs.

For nstructions nmaking his tg, refer opage81.

three quaresf 12people.he6-footlongablellustrated npage 8seatsight omfortably

DropJeafablespage 8),with their expandableops,

were evelopedater han res-tle ypes, ecomingommonby1820. heyweresednthedininghall asside ables roccasionally,sdining ables.But hedropJeaf esigns sopractical hat the Shakersfounda multitude f applica-tions or it everywhereromthedairy o the nfirmary.

Thepedestalablepage8),or candletand, as erypop-

ularwith theShakers.trongandsturdy,twas ightenoughto move asily.ts ripod egskept t from wobbling.TheShakersxperimentednd-lessly ith hisbasicorm.Thestandwasbuiltwith convex,concave,r turnedegs. ops

their otheractivities, ith themenandwomen eparated.Trestleablespage8)wereommonixturesn mostShaker

dininghalls.Wth theirnarrowegs ndunobstructedegroomallowing eopleo sitquitecloseogether,he ables erewell

suitedotheShakerthic. o acilitatehepassingffoodacrossthe argeops, ettings ere ividednto

"squares"offourdin-

ers.Typically 0 eetong,Shakerrestleables ere uilt o seat

weremadeound, quarer rectangular.ometimes,he opswere imply ounded ver r ipped, ndsomeeatured nder-slung rawerso holdsewing upplies.omeopshadagroovein the ip to help n thepackagingf seeds.Ovalor octagona

shapes ereexcluded,owever,sbeing rivolous nd ooworldly.) hecandle tand hownn thischapters but oneversion f apopular nd unctional esign.

A wooden upport spivotedunder he eafof thedropJeafable

shownat left. Over ime, hesupportmay end o sag lightly, ut

thethin wedge lued o the underside f the eaf will compensate

for thechange, llowing the eaf o sit at thesame evelas he op.



TRESTLEABLE

f- \ espiteheir arge ize,restleablesLJ areeasy o move.This sbecausethe oints connectinghe feet o thelegs,he egso the ails, nd he ails o

the top are ixednot by glue,but byscrewsndbolts.The able hown elowrelies eavilyon knockdownhardware,a modernversionof theShaker rac-ticeof assemblingables ithbolts hatdrewagainst trappednut,allowingeasydisassembly.hakersrequently sed

cherry or their tables;his remainsgoodchoiceoday.

Topreventhe op from warpingandalso o hideendgrain,a tongue s cut

alongeach nd o position he matinggroove fa breadboard nd.Theendsarescrewedo the op,with only a ittleglueappliedat the middle.Thisallowsthe op to expand nd contract crossits width ashumidity changes ithout

beinghindered ythebreadboard nds.

Asshown npage 9, he irststemakinghis ablesgluing p he Becausef tswidth, he opcannopassedhroughmosthicknesslan

after lueup. nstead,tart y assbling he op nthe argestossibltions hatyourmachinean andleplanehem o a uniform hicknThen luehesectionsogether,every arefulo ensurehat heyarefectlylush.

ANATOMYFATRESTLEABTE

ToP1"x41' /a"x7O%"

+7"

, . t . . . -

18"

Trestle1 "x4%"x49"

Spare nd sturdy, he restleableshownbelowisaperfect xpressionf theShakerhilosoplry.

With the restle uckedup under he op,dinerscouldsitcloseogether ithout having o splayout theirkneesr egs. henarroweetat theends

made t easy o sweephefloor under he able.

/----=-%

Croaadowel /

Rail1 "x5 "x3 6 "

y-----"'-Drawbolt



TABLES

T(]P

' lApplyingheglue

I Once l l your oardsre o in ted nd i ppedo a com -

b i ned id th ha t s ough l y i nchw iderhan he i n i shed

top,ar rangehe boardsor he best oss ib le atch f co l -

o r , i gu re , ndgra in . o m in im ize a rp ing ,ayou t he

p l anks o ha t heendgra in f ad jacen t oardsuns n

opposi tei rect ions,henmark referencer iangle n op

of he boards. h iswi l l help oucor rect lyeal ignhem or

g lueup .To ho l d our ar l amps p r i gh t , u t no tchedw ood l ocks ndse t hec l am psn heb l ocks . pacehe

clamps uery 4 to 36 inches. oprotecthestock, l so

cu t w ow ood ads s ong ndas h i ckas he p l anks .

Apply nar row ead f g lue o oneedge f each ointand

usea sma l l , t i f f - b r i s t l edr ush o sp r eadheadhes i ve

evenly n he board dges above).

r ) T ighteninglamps

L t uy he boardsaceup on he ba r l am ps nda l rgn

the i r nds ,m ak i ng u r e hes ides f he e fe rencer iang le

a r e i n e d p .T i g h t e nh ec l a m p s n d e r h e b o a r d su s t

enougho bu t t hem oge t he r .oba l ancehe c lamp ing

p r essu r endkeep hepane ll a t ,p l ace ar l amps c ross

the opof hepanel etweenheones nderneath.syou

t ightenheclamps, ake ure hat he boards reper fect ly

f lush.Place scrap f wood n anyhigh potswherewo

boa r ds ee t ndh i t t w i t ha ham m er n t i l t he wo ie l a t .

F inrshighteningl l hec lampsn urn lefD nt i l here re

nogaps e tweenhe boa r ds nda th in ,even ead f g lue

so r eezesr t o f he o in t s . nce l l he onsec t i onsre

g l ued p ,p l anehem ndg l ue hem oge t he r .



TABLES

QPreparinghe op or

!,, thebreadboardnd sThebreadboardnds re ttachedo topwitha ongue-and-grooveoint.St

by outing onguet each nd f heInstal l pi lotedhree-winglott inguin a router nd et hecutt ing ept%- inch;h iswi l l nab leou oclearwasterom ach ide f he onguenpasses.ecurehe oo o a work urfand urn he outernwith hebitcleof hestock.Makehe irstpass nbsides feach ndmakingurehebpi lo t ear ingsbut ted ga instheeof he op.Then esethedepth f c

sl ightly eepero rout he est f h

wasteromhal fo f he ongue;hetonguehould eone- th i rdhe h iness f he op.F in ishhe ongueboth nds /eft).

Makingnd nstallinghebreadboardnd sPlanehebreadboardndso hesamehicknesss

the op, hen awhem s ong s he op'swidth. ut hegrooveslonghe nside dgesf hebreadboardnds nyourable aw page 2).fhegrooveshould easwide sthe onguesou outednstep and l ightlyeeperhantheir ength. i t heendsnposit ionnd ounterborehreeholeshroughach ne nd ntohe op, ocatingne oleat hemiddle nd nother ew nchesrom ach nd.Usea i le o elongateheholesn hebreadboardnds l ightly;th iswi l l ac i l i ta teoodmovement .preadlue n hetonguesbout inch o each ide f he enter,hen epo-si t ionhebreadboardnds r ight) ,sing mal let ndawood lock ,f necessary ,o ap hem nto na l os i t ion .

Drivehescrewso secureheends, luewood lugs vertheheads,nd rim hem lush i th chisel. andhe ur-face mooth.



TABLES

FEET

l Preparinghe eetor he egs

he eet nb lanksnd ut hemort i sesn hemwi th routernd he

or t i s ingigshown bove.he ig eatureswo uide inshatbut t

ppositeaces f a workpiece,nsuringhat hemortisescenteredn he

nstal l ' / t- inch ort isingit n a router nd et hecutt ing epthocut he

ort isen hree r our asses.ecurene oot dge ponyour ench

ndmarkhebeginningnd nd f hemortise.lungehebit nto he tock tone

mortise,hen eedhe uttero heother nd,makingureheguide inside longheworkpiecehroughouthecut.Repeator heotheroot,hen

hecornersf hemortisesith chisel.

r) Sawinghe ee toshape

L cut he egonyour ano aw, aw-

ing he opedge rst, ol lowedy hebottom dge above).andhe cut

edgesmooth.

Q Chamferinghe opedgesf he eetr- ,1 nstal l pi loted5-degreeit narouter, ounthe ool na able nd et

the utt ingepthora %-inch-wideham-fer.Topreventickback,lamp notchedguide oardo he able o tsedges n

l inewith hebit 's rlot earing.einforce

theguide ith supportoard.o ndi-

cate herehechamfernds, ark ineacrosshe opedge f he oot% nch rom

each ndof hemortise. eedhe oot

into hecutter,idinghestock longheguide oardo starthepass,hen ivot

theworkpiecewayrom heguide, ak-ingsurehestock utts gainsthebear-i n p S t o nh e l t a t h e h a m f e ri n e .Repeatn heother ide f hemortise,

then urn he oot ver nd hamferheoppositeace left).

,/ ,-// --r'/ /

/ , ,



TABLES

MAKING HELEGS NDRAITS

r) Preparinghe egsor he restleL me trestleits nto stoppedroove

at he opof he eg. dust hewid th

of hedado ead nd hecutting eighto% nch.Centerhe ace f he eg verhedado ead ndbut t he ence gainsttheedge.Markheendof hegrooven

the egs nd hepointsn he ablensertwhereheb ladestop u t t ing ;h iswi l lhe lp ou etermineheposi t ionf hedado ead hent ishiddeny hework-piece uringhecut.Tosawhegroove,

feedhe eg ace own, oldingheedgeagainsthe enceright). ncehecuttingl ine n he eg l igns i th hemark nthe ablensert,i f t heworkpiecef f hedado ead. quarehestoppedndofthedado i th chisel. ou annow utatwo-shoulderedenon teach nd f hestretcherpage 1) o it into hegroove.

'lSawinghe enonst he

I bottomf he egs

Cut he egso s ize ,hen u t l inehtenonsn he i r o t tom nds, s inmort isesn he eetasa guide. utenonsnyourab le aw t tedwi t

dado ead; d justhewid th f heto s l igh t ly or ehan ne-ha l fhe elength-aboutinch. ouwi l l awtenon ides ndedgesn wopasse

el iminatingheneedo attach naufence. oposit ionhe ip ence, l igshou lderine n he egwi th hedhead nd utt he ence gainsthee

of heboard;he encehouldewelof heblades.tart ycuttinghesidthe enonpage 1).For heedges,

theendof heboard i th hedadoandmake pass,hen urn he egand epeat.ocompletehe enon,the houlderinewith hehead ndtheboard ith hemiter auge,idin

endof heworkpiecegainsthe eTurnhe board ver nd epeallefil



TABLES

Sawinghemortisesn he eg sReplacehedado ead nyour able awwitha combina-

t ionblade, rank t ashigh s t wi l lgo,andcut hemort isest

the opends f he egswith hehelp f a commercia lenoningj ig; themodel hown bove l idesn hemiter lot .Clamphe

legupr ightn he ig,posi t ionhe ig o centerheblade n he

edge f heworkpiece,nd eed hestock nto he cut .Then

movehe igvery l i gh t l y wayrom he b l adeo en la rgehe

mor t ise. ake nother ass,urn he egaroundn he rg,and

feed t rnto he bladeagain above). ext, est-f i toneof the

ra i l s n henror t i se .f t he i t i s oo i gh t ,ad jus t he ig o

shave l i t t lemorewood rom he mor t ise ndmake womore

passes,ont inu ingnt i l he ai l f i ts n uglyn hemort ise.

Preparinghe ailsor he egsThe a i ls reat tachedo he opends f he egswithbr idle

jo in ts . tar t ycut t inghe ecessesn he ai lshatenablehem

to meshwith he mort isesouwi l lsaw n he egs.Out l inehe

rai lprof i le nyour lanks ndmark heshouldersf he recesses2 i ncheso each i de f hemidd le f he boards . d jus t he

dado ead nyour able aw swrde s t wi l lgoandset hecut-

t ingheight t % nch,Screw n extensiono the mitergauge,

a l i gn ne f heshou lder a r ks n he a i lw i t h hedado ead ,

andbut t he ence gainstheendof thestock. eedhe rai l

w i th he mi ter auge, ress inghestock gainsthe ence. l ip

the a i l o cuta shouldern heother ace, hen otatehepiece

andcut he shoulderst the otherendof the recesses/ef f ) .

Movehe ence utof hewayand emovehe emainingaste.

f,Cutt inghe ai ls o shape

r. f To br ing he opedge f the ra i l s lushwith he op end

o f he egs , ouw i l l have o no t ch he bo t t om dge f t he

r ecessedec t i on f t he ra i l s see he ana t om y n page 8 ) .

Fi t he ai lups ide own n he egmor t ise nddraw penci l

a l onghe opo f he eg o m a r k cu t t i ngineacrosshe a i l .

Cut he notchon yourband aw, tar t ing i thst ra ight uts

a l ongheshou l de r sf he ecesso t hemarkedine .R em ove

the remain ing aste y making curved ut rom heedge o

oneshoulderabove) ,hen rotate he board180" and saw

alonghecut t ingine.Once he notchesn both ai ls re eady,

saw he ai ls o shape syoudid he eet page 1)andsand

thesur facesmooth.



TABLES

ASSEMBLINGHETABLE' l Preparinghe ailsor he op

I

I Toal low he abletopo move,he

rai ls re astenedo i t wi thscrewsaththanglue.Mark ixscrew oles long

tonedses f he ai ls- three neach

of the recesses ndbore hemonyo

dr i l l r ess . o ld rnghe a i l p r igh tn

mach ineab le , r r l l coun te rbo redo

throughheworkpiecet eachmark;

curved ackup oardso help ouste

t h e a i l . h e n u r n h e a i l v e r n d

enlargehe bottom f eachhole lef

r r s i n p , / - i n c h i a m e t e ri t .T h r s r

faci l i tate oodmovement.onotdr i l

toodeep, owever;orproper nchora screw equirest least inchof wo

witha hole o argerhan tsshank.

r) Preparinghe eet or he egs

L Ustrgtwo i f ferent i tsonyour r i l l

nresshore hole hrorrshach oot or

thebo l t ha tw i l la t tacht o he eg . he

boltwi l l be hreadedntoa cross owel

to provideong-grainupport step ).

S ta r t yd r r l l rngho le o concea l bo l t

head i tha 1 l - i nch pade i t .Mark

l i ne n he ace f he oo t1 l i nches

f rom hebo l lom dseo nd ica tehe

d r i l l i n ge p t h . o l d i n gh e o o tu p s i d e

down n he mach ineab le , se he inea c . : o r r i d p n r c . p t i i n o h p d r i l l i n od p n t h

thenbore he bol t- recessrngole rrghf) .

Then witch i tsandbore %-inch-diam-

eter learanceole or he bol t hrough

th e oot.



TABLES

Q Drillinglearanceolesn he egsr-,1Use nelectricri l l o preparehe egsorthe ol tsrom

th e eet.Start y itting footand eg ogetherndsecurehe

assemblypsideownnyour enchrse.nsert penci lnto

theholen he oot ndmarktscentern he enon t heend

of he egbbove,efil.fhen emovehe oo tanduse hedrill

f i t tedwith %-inchpade i t o borento he enon nd eg oa depth fabout inches. eephe oolperpendicularo heendof he enonhroughoutheoperationabove,ighil.

Boringlearanceolesnthe egsorcross owels

lnstal l lu-inchbrad-pointi t nyour ri l lpressnd et he eg nside{acepon hemachineab le . d justhe r i l l i ngepthto s l igh t lyesshan he tockh icknessTo ocateheholeor hecross owel ,mark vert icaline longhe eg l ignedwi th hep i lo t o le nd hor izonta lineacrosshe eg% nch rom heshoulder

of he enon. oldinghe eg teady,ri l lthe hole /efil.

Clearancehole



TABLES

F Boltinghe eet o he eg s

.. ,1 Now ouare eadvo assemblehe

table, tar t ing i th he eetand egs.Fi t

the piecesogetherndset heassembly

on a work urface. l ip he cross owel

into ts hole n the egand nserthe bol t

up he oot.Toal ign he astenerso he

bo l tengages i th he dowe l , o ld he

dowe l n pos i t i on i tha sc rewdr i ve rs

youdr i ve he bo l tw i tha hexdr i ve r r

wrench right).Once he bolt catchesn

thedowel,ighten t f rmly.

4iAssemblinghe egs, ailsand restle

\ , f No tch he res t le o r he c lea t , hensc rew hec lea t n

p lace . lamphec lea t o a work u r face ,i t t he egs nd a i l s

toge the r ,ndpos i t i onhe egs ga ins the res t le . he egs

and ar ls re oined o the rest le i th bol ts ndcross owels.

To make he connect ions,r i l l wopi lotholesor bol ts hrough

each egand ail nto heendof he reslleabove).ocat

holeso hey asshroughhe ai l , atherhan elowt, n

notchedort ionf hestock. ext, orewoholes ear a

end f he restleorcross owelssyou id n he eg@agthen ol t he ess nd ai lso he restleinset) .



TABLES

IPreparinghe op

/ Beforeasteninghe op o the ai ls ,

round ver ts op and bot tom dges nd

ends. ay he op aceup on a work ur -

f aceands ta r t y ound ingheco r ne r s

sl ight ly i tha sanding lock. hen nsta l l

a p i lo ted%-inchound-overi t n a router

andse t he dep t h f cu t o shapehe

top'sedgesn tw o passes. resshe bit 's

p i l o tbea r i ng ga i ns thes t ock syou

feed he rou te r oun te rc lo ckw isel ong

the edges ndendsof the op (r ight) .

Turn he top overand epeathe process

witha %-inchound-overi t o shapehe

bottom dges ndends.

Attachinghe op o he ailsLeavehe oo acedownon he work

su r f ace ndpos i t i onhe ra i l - and- leg

assemblyn t . U se naw l o mark he

screw o leshroughhe a i ls n heunder -

s ide f he op, hendr i l la p i lo tho le or

a screw t eachpoint .Make ure he b i t

doesnotpenet ratehe op'supper ur -

f ace .Repos i t i onhe a i l s n he opand

screwhem n place left).



DROP-LEAF ABLE

-l- h. Shakersppreciatedheversa-I tilityof drop-leafables.he eavescould e aised hen wider oDwasneeded.nd olded ownafterwird o

the tablewouldoccupyessspace.ShakerropJeaftablesangedrom10-foot-long ining ables, ometimes

referred o asharvest

tables,"o smallwork ablesust2 feetong.At 41 nch-

es ong, he ableshown n the llustration

below s a comfortable ompromise.

The op canexpand o a width of morethan 3 feet,seatingour people om-fortably.With the eavesoldeddown,

the able s esshan20 nches idewith mostdrop-leafables,hever

shownhereuses ule oints o attactop to the eaves. o ensure deq

support or the eaves,se he ardrop-leafhingesavailable, hich

typicallyl by 2'/, nches.

ANATOMYlFA DROP.LEAFABLEDrop4eaf hinge

ToPt / o " x 19 ' A " x 41 "

Leaft /0 "x10"x41"

Groove forwood button

End rail

Wood button3l"x 3l"x'/r" Drop4eaf auppott

' l " x 5 t / o " x 15 " Dowel7/u"x 2"

Shaker ropJeaf ables,iketheone hown elow,ypi-

callyeatureda drawerat

oneendand slender,urnedlegswith agradual aper.

This ablewas nspired yonemadearound1820 t

theHancockShaker illagein Pittsfield,Massachusetts.

Drawer alide

' /z t tx t /o" x ' lB"

Drawer kicker1" ' 1 " ' 15 "

t '6"

l+1 3 / t l

2 Q r 7 .

4 1 3 / t t| /16

Drawer rail'1"

x '1" '15"

l t/u"

1"x53/s"x36' /o"

Note: Dimenaronainclude enon anddovetail en7tho



TABLES

HELEGS

hemortisesnd urninghe egs

eferringo heanatomyl lustrat ion,ut he our egsosize,

hopmortisesyhand, sshown npage 1,oruseressqu ippedi th mort i s ingi t .Themort i seshou ld

be% nchwrde nd% nch eep,eavingpaceoraVinch

n he enon t each nd.Next,urn he egso he

hape.ohelp ouproduceour denticalegs,make

emplatef he aper. he emplatehouldndi-

inished iameterf he egs t severalifferentoints

heir engths.tart yseparatinghepommel,rsquare

rom hecyl indricalection. arkhepommeline n

he egblanks,henmount ne f hem nyourathe. ef ine

hepommel i tha roughingouge.uta notch t hemarked

l ine ,hen oundhe ornersf heb lank e lowhepommel .

Wi thhe ipof hegougei l ted p , radua l lya isehehandleunt i l hebeve ls ubb ingga insthestock nd hecut t ing

edges sl icingnto hewood above,ef t ) ,Work rombelow

thepommelowardhebot tom f he eg, ont inu ingnt i l

theb lankscyl indr ica lnd mooth .ormhe aper i th

spindleouge,djustingseparateetofcal ipersoreach f

thed imensionssmarkednyourempla te .hen heckhe

diameterf heblank t heappropriateoints bove,ight).

Deepenhecuts f necessarynti l hemeasurementsn he

templa tend hed iameterf hecuts re qua l . epeator

the emain inglanks.

DETAIT)FDRAWER

Drawerback' / o " x2 " 1 " x13 '1 "

Drawer aiden / a " x 3 l " x 1 5 % "

Drawer ront" ' / t " x3%"x13%"

Drawer alide groove

l" wide 'ls" deep

False front' / r " x 3 % " x 1 3 % "

tEG.AND-RAItSSEMBLY

Leg2 " x 2 " x 2 9 % "

m



TABLES

PREPARINGHE AILS

1 Makinghedrop- leafupports

I Thedrop eaves resuppor tedy

p ivo t inguppor ts . oused longhe op

edge f heside ai ls,hesupports ivot

on dowe lso ho ld he d rop eaves hen

theyar eex tended ,hena l ignw i th he

rai lswhen he eavesrenotneeded. ip

a Z- inch-widetr ip rom heedge f each

side ai l , henadjust our able aw'smiter

gaugeo a 70" angle. uta 10%-inch- long

piece romeachendof the str ip r6lht) .

Thep iece e tweenhecu tsw i l lbe he

drop- leafupport ;he woendpieces i l l

beglued ack nto heside at l step ).

Make heother upporthesameway.

r) Reassemblinghe ide ai lsL tav ourbar lamps na work urfacend etone f heside a i l s n op.Spreadlue n he ontact ingdgesf heouts idet r i psou ut nstep and he ai ls , nd resshes t r i p sn p l a ce . h e a i l h o u l dx t e n de yo n dh ee n d fthes t r i ps yabout% nch- thewid th f hesaw utsmadei ns t e p . T h ea i l s i l lb e r i m m e da t e r . ) r o t e c t i n gh e

s tockw i thwood ads , igh tenhec lamps n t i la th ing lu

bead queezesuto f t he o in ts above) .mmed ia te l yos

t ion hedrop- lea fuppor t e tweenhes t r ips o ensureh

i t b u t t s g a i n s th es t r i p s ; l i d e h es t r i p s l o n g t h ea i l ,necessary .epea t i t h heo the r ide a i l , hen r im heen

of both ai ls lush.



TABLES

Preparinghe ide ailsor hedrop-leafupports

Mark he dowel oles n he opedges f the drop-leafup -

por ts,ocat inghemabout incheso oneside f he middle.

Offset t inghedowelsn hiswaywi l la l lowhe onger ndof

thesuppor tso rotate nderhe eaves.nstal l %- inch i t n

you rdr i l l p r ess ndad jus t he d r i l l i ng ep th o t hedow e l

length-about inches. henposi t ionhesuppor t n tsside

ra i l , lamp he assemblyo the machineablewi th hemarked

po i n t nde r he b it and , t eady i nghe ra i lonedgewi thone

hand, r i l l hehole abovd. epeator heother ide ai l .

Installinghe upportsn he ails

Dab ome lue nto he holesn he ra i l s nd apa dowel

intoeachhole.Once headhesiveas ured, l ip hedrop- leaf

supportsnto he dowelsabove). sea chisel o tr im he dow-

els ushwith he opsof hesuppor ts ,f necessar r .

f,Sawinghe enons n he ai ls

r.,/ Instal l dado ead l ightly ider han he enghof he enons-% inch-onyour able aw. Theenon hould e % nch hor t -

er han hedepth f he mor t iseouchoppedn he egon page

69. ) Screw board san extensiono yourmitergauge,hen

at tach n auxi l iaryence nd aisehedado ead o notch t . To

cut he enon heeks, u t toneof herai ls gainsthe ence nd

the mi tergauge nd eed t facedown. urn he rai lover nd

repeathecut on heother ide, est- f i t t inghe enon n he eg

mort isend ais ingheblades nt i l he i t issnug.A ooseenon

is di f f icul t o corre ct , o error he s ideof t ightness hen i rs tad jus t i nghehe igh t f heb lades . ) ex t , u t enon heeks t

the otherend lef t ) nd epeator each ai l .Then ineup he

legw i t h he a i landmark he ina lw id th f he enon , s i ng

the mor t ise sa guide. l ip herai lon edge ndadjusthesaw

bladeo heproper e ighto r im hewidth f he enon. gain,

test- f i t nt i l the enon i tssnuglyn he mor t ise nd he opsof

therai land egare lush.Nowpreparehedrawera i land he

k i ckerhesamew ay .Befo re ssembl rnghe egs nd a i l s ,

remembero preparehe rai ls or hewoodbuttons page 3)

tha tw i l lho l d he oo n o lace .



TABLES

4iPreparingheside ails or hecross ai

\ , f Joinedo theside ai lswithsl id ing o

tai ls, hecross ai ladds trengtho he ab

structurendalso nchorshecorner tr ip

thathold hedraweruooorts. i th heenof heside ai ls l igned, ark cutt ingin

acrosshemiddle f he nsideaces f bo

rai ls. ut hedovetai lockets i tha route

twosteps. tart y nstalling %-inch trai

b i t n he oolandsett inghecutt ing ept

to reach our inaldepth-% nch- in twoo

more asses.etoneof heside ai ls nsi

faceup ona work urface,l ign he bi twi t

you r u t t i ngine , nd lamp T squareig

an edge uidewitha fence ixed o i t at 90

againsthe outer 'sase late o he ig

fence utts gainstheedge f he ai l .Rotheslot , hen ncreasehecutt ing epth n

make nother ass. witcho a %-inch ov

tai lb i t ,set hedepth It / , nch, ndmake

last ut ( /ef f ) . epeatn heother ide ai

mak ing u re o presshe ou te r ase la

againstheedge ulde oreach ass.

ASSEMBLINGHELEGS NDRAITS

1 Gluinghe egs o hedrawerai l ,I k icker. ndend ai l

Sand he nsideaces f he egs nd ai ls,

thenspread lueon he contact ingur-

faces etweenhe kicker, rawerai land

onepair f egs. i t he ointsogethernd

securehemwith wobar lamps, l igning

the ba rsw i th he a i landk icke r . s ing

woodpads o protect he stockand dis-

tr ibuteheclamping ressure,ightenhe

c l a m p s r a d u a l l yn t i l l i t t l e d h e s i v e

squeezes ut of the lotnIs right).Repeat

theprocedureo assemblehe emainingtwo ess nd heend ai l



TABLES

r) Gluingheside ai ls o he egs

L Oncehegluehas ured,emovehe

clamps ndapply dhesiveo he egmor-

t i ses nds ide a i l enons . i t he o in t s

t oge t he rnd ns ta l lwobarc lamps osecureheassembly,l ign inghebars i th

th eside ails.Usewood ads s ong s he

t enon id th o d i s t r i bu telamp ing res-

sure.As soon syouhave ightened oth

c lamps, sea tapemeasureo check he

assemblyor square left),measuringhe

distance etween ppositeomers;he wo

measurementshou l d eequa l . f no t ,

insta l l nother ar lamp crosshe onger

o f he w od i agona l s ,e t t i nghec lamp

jawson hose l readyn place. ighten

thec lamp l i t t l e t a t ime,m easu r i ngsyougount i l he wodiagonalsreequal .

Makingnd nstallinghe rossai l

Withhesame ovetailit nyourouter sedocut hesock-

ts n the side ails page 2) ,mount he ool n a table.Set he

ep th o m ake hedove ta i l sl i gh t l yhor te rhan hef the socketsPosi t ionhe ence o hatone-hal ff he

projects eyondts ace.Feed he cross ailon endacross

ress ingt againsthe ence. urn he ai laroundo

he dovetai l abovdand epeathe cutsat the other

ndof he a i l . estJ i the oints ndadjusthe ence ndmake

uts, f necessary.nce he i t i s snug, pread lue

n hedoveta i lsnd n thesocketsndsl ide he a i l n top lace,

t wi tha mal let ; sea wood locko protecthestock(r ishf) he edses f hecross a i lshouldie lushwi th hose f

thes ide ai ls .

) ,---1' r



TABLES

MAKINGNDNSTALLINGHEDRAWER

1Preparinghedraweror hebottom

I Cut he ront. ack. nd ides f hedrawero i t nto

heopeningn he able.Thebacksnarrowerhan heother iecesto allowhebottomo slidentoplace fterthedrawersglued p.Cut he hroughdovetai lsoininghepiecespage 30,

then ut hegroovesor hebottom anel

in he ront nd ide iecesnyourablesaw. osi t ionhe ence o hegroovei l lpasshroughhemiddle f hebottom-mostai ls n hedrawerides nd et heblade eightoone-halfhe tockhick-ness. se push ticko eedhepieces

face own crosshesaw able, hi lepressinghestock gainsthe ence.Repeatn he emain ingieces,henmovehe ence way om heblade ythe hicknessf hekerf n d epeatnal lthreeboardsright).esl-fityourbottompanel-typical ly- inchlywood-inhegroovesndwidenhem,f necessary.

J AssemblinghedrawerZ- Spreadlue n hecontactingurfacesf hepins ndtai ls,hen ap he our oardsogethersing wooden al let(above).lamphedrawer,osrt ioningheclampso push

the ai ls nto hepins. heckhedrawerorsquarepage 3).Onceheadhesiveas ured,emoveheclampsnd l idethebottom anelnto lace. hen rive few inishingai lsthroughhepanel nd nto hebottom dge f hedrawerackto x t n oosit ion.

Preparinghedraweror he lidesInstal l dado ead nyour able aw ndadjust tswid

to accommodatehedrawerl idesouwil luse-typicalinchhick. et he utt ing eightt% nch nd osit ionhefenceo cut hegrooven hemidd le f hedraweridFeedhedraweride-down,o ld ingheedgeslush gathe enc e. urnhedrawervero cut hegrooven heotsidehbovd.

a)4' ,Vt:'



TABLES

. '1 i r : l i l l i lg i l * coiner t r ips

:i:: id: ' i , ; lnli if les

i i l s r i : , . r ; q ;p l : os i t i onn he ab l e:r2:iii lr, p,t:;tion f thegroovesn i ts

, i i r e i egs nd a i l s . u ta co r ne rr, i ;r;h ccrrter f Ihe drawer page

10,i) , ",4x:ngrh,.:dadoes s wideas he

r . : . . " . .wo o rner t r i ps l ush

i re ice a i land egat hedrawer

;r r i l r : i i c lamps o hold he two

, ; r . ' i o s l r r sh pa ins thes ide a i l

. . . ; r i l t h ed r a w e r a c k ;h e

n r l l f ou rs t r i ps hou ld i neup

ircovemarks.Cut wo drawer, : 'an hesanhetweenhedadoes

l ' . ide ai ls .essZ" nch orclear-

Ni .ch the rontend o f t around'hen

s l i n hes l i desn to he

-,ght).

ti Installinghedrawer,.,f Slidehedrawerntoposition/eff).

I t should ovemoothlynd i tcenteredand eve ln tsopen ing.f not , oosen

the lampsold ingheback-endornerstrips nd djustheheightf hestr ips,asnecessary.henhe t is ne, crewtheback nd tr ipso hecrossai l .



TABLES

fiAttachinghe alse ront

\ , , Set hedrawerace-up n a work

faceanddrive wo brads nto he ro

leavinghe heads rotruding.hen n

off heheads i thpl iers.nstal lhedrain he able, ut he alse ront o s izeplacet betweenhedrawerai landk

er ,us ing l i ps f paper ssh imso ho

i t preciselyenterednd evel . tead

the a lse on tw i thonehand , l i de h

drawer oward he board left)and ir

p resshe brads ga ins tt ; he po in

ends f he na i l s i l l punch mpres

in thewood , l l ow ingou o reposr

the a lse ron ta t g lueup .Spread d

s ive n he back f the a lse ron tan

clamp t to thedrawer i th he wobr

rest ingn heir mpressions.

ATTACHINGHE ()P

1Shapinghe opand eaves

I The eaves re astenedo the able-

topw i th u le o in ts ,n wh ich he op ' srounded-overdgemateswith a cove ut

along he edge f the eaf lnsef). tartby

roundingver heedges f he op,using

a pi loted ound-overi t in a router. o

shape he Ieaves,nstal l p i loted ove

bitwhose iameter ndproflematch he

round-overl t , henmount he routern

a table. The wobitsareoften old sa

set.) osupporthe eaves ur inghecut,

c lamp featherboardo the ence bove

thecutter. l ign he encewith he bi t 's

p i l o tbear ing o he cu t t i ngw id thw i l lequal ne-hal fhecutter iameter.et he

depth f cut o reachhe inaldepth n

several asses. ee d ne eaf nto he bit,

bracingts edge gainsthe fence ight).

After ach ass,est- f i the pieces;on-

t inue utt ing nt i l he opand eafmesh

wrtha sl ight apbetweenhe wo.Repeat

the process n he other eaf.



TABLES

r) Attachinghe eaveso he opI loin he eaveso he opby nstallingrule-jointingesn h eundersidef heoieces. et he ooand eavesace own

ona work ur face,henmarkines longtheedgesf he op n inewith he tartofeach ound-overut, nown s he i l -let. nstal lhree ingesoreacheaf: nein hemiddlef he oint nd ne inches

from ach nd.With paperhimnsert-

edbetweenhe eaf nd op,posit ion

hingeeaf gainsthe opand heotheragainsthe eaf teach ingeocationothep in sa l ignedi th he i l l e t ine ,henout l ineheh inge. h ise lu t hemort i s-es ,us ing wider-b ladeoo l ocut he

mortisesor hehingeeaues@age 13)and narrowerhiselo cut heslotsorthepins right).crewhehingesnplace.

QAttachinghe op o he ableails

r- ,1The op s astenedo he ai lswithwood uttons;crewedo he op, hebuttonseatureips hat i t into rooves

cut nt o he ai ls, rovidingsecureon-nection hile llowingorwoodmovementMake urehedrop-leafupportsre nplace n h eside ai ls,hen lacehe opface o wn na work urfacend lampthe eg-and-ra i lssemblyn posi t ionntop.Make buttonorevery inches frai l ength page 01).Spacinghemabout inchespart nd eavingl|-inchgapbetweenhe bottom f hegrooves

and he ipped nds f hebuttons,crewthe buttonsn place lefil.



CANDLESTAND

f nanera efore lectriciryheShakersI dependedn candleso see hemthoughhehours f darkness.heseili-gentworkers ouldnot allow atesun-

rises r early usla o nterfere ith heirlabor.Candle tands ereight,stable,andeasyo transport. lthough andlestands ere ota Shakernvention.hefurnituremakersn theircommunitieselevatedhiscommonplacetem o itsmost efined xpression.

Theelegancebfhecandletandt ri-poddesign acrificesome trength.Becausef heangle twhichhey playout, he egs re ubjectedo agreat eal

Despitehesimple ppearancef thecandle tand hownabove,he ablerelies npreciseoinery.Positioned

exactly 20"apart, he hree egs re

anachedo thecolumnwith slidingdovetaik, ut with angled houlders

to sit snugly gainst hecolumn.

of rackingtresshich ullshemawayfrom hecolumn. heShakersom-pensatedor thisweaknessn severalways. hemostmportant as ttach-

ing he egso hecolumn ithslidingdovetails-very tronganddurablejoints.Some hakerandletandsavesurvived50years ndareassturdy sthe day heyweremade. o give he

legsadded trength, metalpknown asa

"spider,"is naiied c

base f thecolumn nd egs. hedeof the egs lso ortifies hestand.

are3/ ainch hickerat the op,wmakeshe dovetailshatmuchstroAlso, he Shakers ut the egssograin unsalong heir ength,helthem resist tress.

ANATOMYF CANDTETAND

Top-

7/u x 19"diameter

Wed6e

4" x 15";5/a"hickat bottom and1" hick at top

Column19 nchee ong

DETAITFD()VETAITS



TABLES

EUILDTYOUREELF

CIRCLE-CUTTINGIG

Tocut hec i r cu la ropo f a cand l e

stand nyourband aw, se heshop-

bui l t i rc le-cut t ingigshown t r ight .

Refero the l lustrat ionorsussest -

edd i m ens i ons .

Rout %- inch-deepoveta i lhan-

nel n hemiddle f he1ig ase,hen

usea able aw o r ipa hinboard ith

a bevel long othedgeso produce

a bar hats l ides mooth lyn hechan-

nel . Set hesawblade ngle ymea-suringheangle f hechannel dges.)

Cutout he notch n he band aw,

thenscrewhesuppor t rms o the

unde r s i def t he1 ig ase , pac i ng

t hem o hug hes i des f he band

saw ablewhen he ig s n posi t ion.

Dr i l l wo ho les hroughhe bo t tom

o f h ed o v e t a i lh a n n e ln h e i g

base , i n ch nd3 i nchesrom he

unnotchednd;a lso ore woholes

throughhe barasshown.

To prepareheworkpiece,ark heci rcumferencendcenter f hecrr -

c leon tsunders ide.henuse he

band aw o cut o f f he ourcorners

of the panel o keep t f omhi t t ing

the lampshat ecurehe ig.Next,make releaseut om heedgeof hepanelo hemarkedi rcum-fp rcncp ihpn vce r n f f i n iho odop

Screwhepivot ar o hecenter fth eworkpiecehroughne f hebar'sholes,eavinghescrewoosenough

topivothepanel.Turnheworkpiecever ndmark

thepointwhereheblade ontact-ed heci rcumferenceur inghere leaseut .C lamphe igbaseo

theband aw able,making ure he

suppor t rms rebut ted gainsthe

table 's dges. l ide hepivot ar n to

thechanneln hebase ndpivothe

panel nt i l he marked ontact o in t

toucheshe blade. crewhrough

oneof theho l esn he ig baseo

lock he pivotbar n p lace below.bfil. f urnon hesawandpivot he

workpiecento hebladen a c lock-

wisedirectionbelow,ighil, eedingi h p n i p ep r r n i i l t h p n r r t i c n n m n l o t c d

Jig baoe' / , "x20"x24"

Notah

/ ' " x 7 "

9crew

holes ?upport arm

1 " x 3 " x B "

9lidingpivot bar'/,"

x 24"



TABLES

PREPARINGHET()PANDRAIL'l

Preparinghe op

I 0nce he opof hecandle tand

been ut (page 9), hapetscircumfeona routerablen wo teps. tart y n

inga pi loted /zinch adius i t n a rou

andmount inghe ool na able. l ign

fence i th hebi t 's i lot ear ingnd l

a featherboardo he enceo supporth

topdur inghecut.Holdinghe op ac

and la ton he able, ressheedge g

the ence nd otatehestocknto he

(/el f ) . ont inueivot inghe opunt i l h

ent i re i rcumferencesshaped,hen w

to a piloted /a-inchadius it, urn hew

piece ver, nd epeato shapets ops

r) Makinghe ai l

L Referringtohe anatomyllustration

on page 8, cut herai l hatwi l lconnect

thecolumno the abletop,henbore

mort isen hecenter f he rai l o accept

the enon ouwi l l urnat the opof he

co lumn; 1 - inch -d iamete ro le s yp ica l .

Bevelheends ndedges f he rai lon

your able aw.Attach nauxi l iaryence

and posi t ionhe ence o the ef tof the

blade or a ' /u inch ut t ingwidth.Raise

the blade o i tsmaximum ett ing, d just

theangleo about 5",andclampguide

block o the rai l o r idealonghe opof

the ence.Mark l ineacrosshe ace f

the rai ls l ight ly boveheheight f he

blade sa remindero keep our ands

wel labovehe blade. eedhe rai l nto

theblade n end, eepingt f lush gainst

the ence ndpushingt forward i th he

guide lock. epeathecutat heother

endof the rai l ( r ight) . henbevel he

longedges y adlust inghe blade ngle

to 45".Sandhe ai l mooth.



TABLES

MAKINGHE OLUMN'l

Turninghe olumnI Mount3r/z-inch-squarelank nyourlathe nd urn twith roughingouge

ol -lowedyaspindleouge,eaving ipandenoughtock earhebottomor he egsockets.ohelp ou roduceheproper

shape,efero heanatomyllustrationpage

78 )and ashionourself emplate,s ou

wouldo urna drop-leafableeg page9).Use part ingool o urn he ai l enon tthe opof he olumn,eriodical lyheck-ing tsdiameterithoutsidealipersight).Smoothhe olumn ith rogressivelyineror i tc n f candnanorb i ' ! v v ' J u ' ' v P u v u , ,

r) Routinghe ovetai locketsI Unplugtheathe nd ut hesockets,sing routerndshop-madeigconsist ingfa'/uinch lywoodox lampedothe a the ed.Makehe ns ide id th f hebox swide s h erouter ase late, ttachinghe unnerso he outer i twi l lcut hesocketsi th tsbase late i t t ing n hem.Next, arkthe hree ocketocat ionsn he o lumn,pacinghem 20"apart. lsomarkhe opends f hesockets,70 nchesromthebottomf hecolumn.ransferhesocket arkso helatheaceplate,hen otatehecolumn yhand nti l ne fthemarks n he aceplatesvert icalnd mmobi l izehedrive

shaf twi tha handscrewabove,ef t ) .Cuteach ocket n two

steps, tar t ing i tha ' /u inchst ra ight i t . Adjust he cut t ing

dep t h o about t / znchand ,a l i gn ingheb i t w i t h hesocke t

endmark , u t ta s t opb l ock ga i ns the r ou t e r ase la te .

S c r ewheb lock o the ig .H o l d i nghe ou t e rn bo thhands ,

feed he b i t n to hecolumn t he bot tom ndguide he ool

a longhe runners nt i l he base late ontactshe stopblock.

Repeat r tha %- inch oveta i l i t (above,ight) .To ut the

two emain ingocke t s ,o ta teheco lumn nt i l hesocke tmark oreach u t sver t i ca l .



TABLES

MAKINGHELEGS

1 Cuttinshedovetailheeksl "

I Re fe r r ingo the l lus t ra t ione low,ash ion temp la te

the egs . hegra in

hou ldo l lowhes lope f heeg . he o

andbottom ndsmustbeperpendicular,nd hespread f t

l essmrs t be ess han he d iamete rf hp nn Oncehe eI L | | v L v Y . \

plate scomplete,awalonghe opendof he egon he ba

saw.Next, ut hedovetai lsn he egs n wosteps, ut t ing

cheeks nyour able awand heshouldersy hand. djust

table aw's lade ngleo match hatof hesocketsoucut

theco lumn ndse t hecu t t i ng e igh to s l i gh t l yesshan h

depth f thesockets. ut l inehedovetai lsn he edge f on

legb lank nd , o ld ingheb lank nendon hesaw ab le ,

a cu t t i ngmarkw i th he b lade . u t t he ip ence ga ins th

s tock nd ock t i n p lace . lamp sh immedea therboa

the ab le nda gu ide lock o theb lank .Make passo cuonecheek lef i l , hen otate he blankand eed he oppos

face longhe ence o saw heother. heckheresul t ingo

ta i laga ins t socke tn theco lumn. f necessary ,d jus t h

cu t t i ng id th r b lade ng le r he igh t ndmake no the re

passes. epeator he emainingovetai ls.

r) Cuttingheangled houlders

L me shou lde rsf he egdove ta i l s

mustbecutat an angle o hey iesnugly

againsthecolumn seehe l lustrat ionn

page 8).0nce hedovetai lheeks real l

cut .c lamo blanko a work urface i th

thecheeks xtendingff he able. hen

usea backsawo cut heshoulderst a

sl ght ly harper nglehan hecurvature

of the column ilghD. esllit thedovetail

in tssocket nd r im hesocket,f neces-

sary, nt i l ougeta sui tablei t . Repeat

for he emaininsovetai ls.

' " } .



TABLES

Shapinghe egs

Cutout he egs f hecandletandonyour and aw,hen moothheir ur-faces sing sandinglock ra spindle

sanderright).

/ T inminghedovetas-TTrim

off he op% nch f each ove-ta i lon he egs. h is i l lh idehe opsof hedovetailsrom iewwhenhey repushedl l heway n to he i r ockets.

Clamphe eguprightnyour enchiseandmark l ineon hedovetai l nchfrom he opend. hen old ' /o-inchchisel ert ical lyo scorehedovetai lnyourmarkedine, utt ingo heshoulderNext, oldinghe hrselevel pand ar-

al lelo hedovetai lhoulders,ushheblade longhesurfaceo pare wayhewood n thin shavingsleft).Periodicallytest-f i the egagainsthecolumn nti ltheshouldersest lush gainsthesurface



TABLES

ASSEMBLINGHETABLE

' l Attachinghe ail o he olumn

I Start ydri l l ingix ountersunkcrew oleshroughhe

rai l ; t wi l lbe ess umbersomeo preparehe ai l or he op

beforeoininghe ai l nd olumn.ocatene oleneach or-

ner f he lat ace f he ai l 's ndersidend ne neach ide

of hemortise.hen et he op ace own na work urface

and enterhe a i l n op,makingurehegra in f he wopiecessperpendicular.arkhe ornersf he ai l n he op

witha penci l nd hescrew oles i than awl above,ef t ) .

Toprepareheco lumnor he a i l , se backsawo s l i ce

a kerf orawedgen hecenter f he enono a depth f about

f,Taperinghe eg s

r- , f Togive he egs n elegant ppe

ancew i thou t ac r i f i c ingt reng th ,ap

themwitha bench laneroma thick

of 1 inchat the oo o % nchat the bt o m .M a r k a p e r i n e s l o n gh e n s

edges f each egasa planing uide. h

securehe eg aceup on yourbench,

a notched ood lock o fix he bottom

in p lace . oavo id amag ingour l a

blade,make ure he bench ogs nd

woodblock rebelow he evel f the o

taper ine.Start ingear he opof he

feed heplane longhesurface,ncr

in g he downwardressuresyo uappr

the bottom /eff) . ont inue nt i lyouc

to he aper i ne , hen u rn he egovon hebench nd epeatheprocess

three-quartershe ength f the enon.Cut he kerfat a r ig

angle o oneof the dovetai l ockets o he rai lwi l l be par

to oneof he egs. ut hewedgeromhardwoodbout in

long nd% nch hickat he base,aper ingt to a point . o

ten he ai l o thecolumn, pread lue n heir ontact ing

faces nd i t thepiecesogether i th he kerf n thecolum

tenon erpend icu la ro thegra in f he a i l . hen , o ld in

co lumn p r igh t n a work u r face ,pp ly l ue n heker f

on hewedge ndhammert i n p lace i tha wooden a l l

hbove, ighi l . f r im hewedgelushwith heendof the en

K a i l Q e



TABLES

r) Fasteninghe egs o hecolumn

L Spread lueevenly n he doveta i ls

and n hesocke t s .hen , e t t i nghe a i l

f a ton a work ur face,l ide he egs nto

place nd ap hem nto nalposi t ion i tha woodenmallet (rrght).To strengthen

the assembly ,dda th ree-a rmedp i de r

cut fromsheetmetal@age 8).

J Screwinghe ai l o he op<'

r . , l To comple tehe ab l e , e t he op

ups i de ow n nyou rwork u r f ace nd

dr i l lp i l o tho l es n t o t a t t he po i n t s ou

markedn steo1. Posi t ionhe rai lassem-

b l yon he op ,a l i gn ingtscorners i t h

the marks n he sur face nd ts screw

holes i th hose n he op.Screwhe ai l

in place left) .



tesares ere nce ommonm

American itchens. heoneshown at left reflects he Shakerdevotion o utility . The cabinetswereessentiallyarge read oxes,

designedo store aked oodsmadeand consumed y Shakeramilies.That the cabinets reelegant ndattractives, n a sense,oincidental,

for it is a reflection fthe Shakers'soare ndutilitarianethic ather

thanan exoressionfesthetics.All propirtyandgoodsn Shaker

communitieswereownedcollec-tively, o be usedasneeded. incebelongings erenot consideredri-

vate, atches nd ockson the doors

of apiesafewouldhave een uper-fluous.Doorssported implewood-

en knobsandmating abbets ut

along he nside aces f theirstiles

PIE,SAFE,

A nailsetandhammer uncha hole hrougha tin panelfor apiesafe. oensurehat all the

panelswill be dentical, ach lank splaced na backup aneland apaper emplate ith the

desiredanern s taped nplaceon top.

side hatdiscouragedhe ntrusion

of vermin.For maximumventila-

tion, Shaker ie safesraditionallyfeaturedin oanels n the sides swellas n thedoors.

Oneof the charmingelementsof these iecess the holepattern.

The designs were somet imes

abstract ndsometimesineapple-

shaped r floral,as n the exampleshown npage 6.Butagain,hesedetailswerenot primarily ntend-

ed obeornamental r flamboyant.Thepanels ad o beperforated,othe Shakers hose o ounch theholes ymmetricallyo avoidanunnecessarilyrnateor otherwise

distracting ppearance.Piesafes ere raditionallymade

from cherry, lthough ommuni-tieswherehardwoodswerescarce

so heywould closelushand ightly ogether. hemostcleverfeature f the safeies n thedesign f the in doorpanels. he

cabinets ad o keep odents nd nsectsrom gettingnside

whileallowing nough ir o circulateo preventhe ood rom

becoming tale.Wth the useof tin doorpanels, hakerur-niture makers olved oth problems tonce.Thesmallholes

in thepanels ermittedhepassagef air.And,bypunchingheholes rom the nsideout, heycreated harp dges n the out-

frequently esortedo pine.This chapter rovides etailedstep-by-stepnstructionsor buildinga Shaker-inspiredafe,beginning ithcutting he ails, tiles ndpanelsor thecab-inet(page 0)and ontinuinghroughgluingup the casepage

97),makingandnstallingheshelvespage 04), ndassem-bling he doors page 06).Although ooted n theShakerra-dition,apiesafeike hisonewouldbeaperfect ddition o anymodern,country-style itchen.

With tssturdyrame-and-panelonstruction,djustablehelving,ndperforatedin doorpanels,hepiesafe hownat left s dealor storing

baked oods.n a modernncarnation,hesafe ouldbeused sanentertainmententer, ithplentyof spaceor audioor videoequipment.



ANATOMYOFAPIE AFE

CONSTRUCTIONETAITFCASEWORK

ToP Oroove for

woodbuttons

CrownmoldingGlued ocaaeworkframe

Wood buttonc ) e r t t r e a f n n

Lo caae;aits

in groovenearthe top edqeofcaaework aila

EackpaneA veneered

pWood panLhaL its flwith the ouface of the

Coakbeading

Glued tn rab-

Support boalnaerted ntodadoea n coner eLripo ohold up ehel

beta routed

around nsideof frame front Corner atri

Dadoedatapaced ntLo holdeh1upportbovariablehei

4lued o incornergofworkstiles

Ledger atrip9ecureebot'tom Lo caae:

thelf

Cornerenotched afit aroundcorner oLrip

fasLened obotLom case-

work raile

?t'ile

Rail



PIESAFE

RAME

tl - h. piesafeeaturedn thischapter

I comprisesour ramesoinedat he

corners. ach rame s madewith rails

andstiles onnected ith mortise-and-

tenons. heside rames regroovedohouse loatingwoodpanels. he back

framesdividedn halfby a mullionand

is rabbeted round he nsideedgeso

accommodateixedbackpanels. he

front rame s made he samewayas he

sides, ith twohinges oldingeach oor

CUTTINGIST

PIECEFrametiles

Frameails*

Mul l ion*

Wood anels

To p

Bottom

Door tiles

Doorails*

to its stiles. oassemblehesafe,heside

framesarebuilt first and then glued

together ith the rontandback ails.

The op andbottomaresolidpanels

ofedge-gluedoards.he op sheld nolace vwoodbuttons nd hebottomis fastenedo ledger trips.The solid-

woodshelvesiton support oardshat

areheldby corner trips.The nside

edges f the rontframeare abbetedo

accommodateockbeadine.

OTY t w

Z

IY"'

I/"'

Medianrail

TH

(top nd ottom)(median)

Crown olding

Gornertrips

Shelves

Back anels

Shelf upportoards

Gockbeading

*Note:Measurementsncludeenonengths.

(sides)(front nd ack)

(front ndback)(side,op,and ottom)(side, edian)

2% '/ou

?i l 3/^'

2%' 3/4u

2%' 3/ou

I3/4' 3/4u

2%ut/ou

I2Vo Y,'

20' %u

l6r/q'3/ou

^ i l i / n

z / a

rr/o'

I6Ye'

I4%e"

yi'

V;'

44

446

1

8

1

1

4

4

6

I

2

Z

Z

4

I

60'60'

3ry, '1A%',I4Y,'

6nu

r3'/,'40 '

34',

48Y,"

1 6 u

I 2 '

7s%',

54Yo'

33%',

49Ya'

r6/,'1 6 1 '

7/au

7/a'

7/au

1 ",/",

Y o u

r/ou

9ideframeatile



MAKING THE CASEWORK RAMES

tI- h. firststep n building piesaJ. to cut andpreparehe rame

asshownbelow,and oin them n pto form the corners f thecabine

of themortisesre ut n thestilesthe enons recut at heends fthe rAs shownon page 2,thebestmetfor cutting heblind enonssby hanwith a backsaw nda miter box. Nthe frames are dry-assembledgrooves re outedalong heir inedgesor the loatingwood panels

93).Finally,he op railsaregroovethe able aw o accommodatehewbuttons hatwill securehe op.

A hollow hiselmortiser rillsa motise n apiesaferamestile.Themtisewil l accommodaterail tenoAlthough heShakers ouldhavepainstakinglyhiseledut theirmotises y hand,asshownonpage91using power ool squickandaccu

PREPARINGHE TILES

1 Taperinghe tilesI Referringo hecutt ingistonpage

89,cut he rame ti lesosize,hen aperthe i r o t tom nds. he apers i l lg ive

thebottom f hesti les nelegant,eg-l ike ppearance.lamp ne f hesti lesfaceupona work urfacendmake necutt ing ark n tsbottom nd1% nch-es rom he nside dge nd nother arkon heedge inches p rom hebottom.Joinhe womarks i th ine,hen seripsawo cut he aper longheline right).

Usehe aperedtile sa emplateo markcutt ingines n he emainingti les,hentaperhemhesame ay. and l l hecutedgesmooth.



PIESAFE

n Cutt inshemortisesn thestiles

r-,1 Each t i leneeds mort ise t the op andbottom o accom-

modate ra i l tenon; oualsohave o cut hreemoremort ises

in each f hes ide t i l esor hem ed i ana i l enons . ou an

usea poweroolsuchasa hol low hise lmort iserpage 0)to

m ake hecu t ,o r ch i se l hemout by hand , sshow n bove .

Refe r r rngo theana t om yl l us t ra t i onn page 8, ou t l i nehe

mor t i sesn heedses f t hes t r l es .henc l am n neo f he

g lued-upt i l eso a work u r face . t a r t i ng t oneendof he

ou t l i ne , o ld mor t j seh i se l quareo theedge f hes t i l e

andst r ike twi tha wooden a l le t . sea ch ise lhesamewrdth

as he mor t ise ndbesure he beveledideof he b lade s ac-

ing hewaste.Make nother ut % nch rom he ust hbove,

/ef i l .Cont inuent i l ou eachheother ndof heout l ine,hen

lever ut hewaste o a depthof about /^inch(above,ight).

Repeato cut he emain ing ort ises,hensmoothhe bot tom

of he mor t isesi tha lock-mor t isehise l .

r ) Glu ingp hest i les

L C l ue hes t i l es oge t he rn pa i r so

form hecorner f he pi esafe.Remember

that he ourwider t i les i l l be used n

the rontandback f hesafe,whi le henar rowert i les i l l t on hesides;h is

w ay , hecornero in tw i l lon l ybev i s ib le

f rom hesides. pread ome lueon he

contact ingur facesf each ai rof s t i les:

theouts ide dges f hes ide t i les nd he

ins ideaces f the ront ndback t i les.

With heside t i le acedown n a work ur-

face, ecurehe oint , pac ingheclamps

about 2 inches part ; ro tecthestock

andd is t r i bu tehec lamp ingressurei t h

w oodpads . o secu r ehe o in twhere

the st i lehasbeen apered, sea cut-of ff rom he aper uts oumade n step1 to

squarehe clampon he stock /eft).



PIESAFE

PREPARINGHE AILS

1 Cuttinshe enon heeksl -

I Out l inehe enons t both nds f he

r a i l s , a r k i n g s h o u l d e ri n e l la r o u n dtheends o he eng th f he enons i l l

be s l i gh t l yess han he dep th f the

mort isesoucut n hest i les. ecure ne

of he rai ls pr ightn a v iseandcut along

the ines n heendof he board i tha

backsawnti l ou eachheshoulderine(right).Repeat or the tenonat the other

endo f he a i landa t bo th nds f he

rema in inga i l s .

Sawinghe enon houldelsTo emovehewasterom he enon heeks.ecuremiter

box n thevise, henset he rai lon he base f he box, l ign-

ing heshou lde rinew i th he90" s lo t . i gh tenhec lampsn

the box o hold he rai l n posi t ion. l ip hebacksawladento

thes lo tandcu t a long he shou lde rineon he aceo f he

board , topp ing hen ou each he ke r fyoucu t i n s tep

(above,eft); urn over he stockand repeat he operation

the o the r i de . o cu t away he was te n he edges f th

tenon , ecu rehe he ra i lup r igh tn thev ise ndsaw o t

shou lde rineon bo th dges f he a i l .F ina l l y ,l amp he

edge p andcu t h roughheshou lde rineon [p ih odoac

t h p r : i l / a h n v p r i o h t )



RAISINGTHE PANELS

T) aised anels, ith their distinctive

l\ beveled dges, volved sapractical

solution o two commonproblems aced

by Shakerabinetmakers:ow o fit thick

panelsnto framesmadeof thinner stock

andhow o compensateor woodmove-

ment.Bevelinghepanels llowedhem

to fit in thegroovesn the nsideedges f

the rames. o adhesiveasused, opanelscould swell and shrink w

lhangesn humidity.

Cut the panelsAinch longer a

wider han the openingsn the framThereareseveral ays fraisingpan

Shaker uilders ikely did the ob

hand,usingpanel-raisinglane

shown n the photo at left. A m

commonapproach,hownbelow

on the followingpages,nvolves e

ing heedges fpanels na router a

or tablesaw.Most furnituremakers ther han

Shakersave nstalledhepanelswith

raised, entralportion facingoutw

adding isual nterest o theirpieceAlthough Shakersn the Wes

communities, hereGermannflue

admittedsomedecoration,might h

done he same,he Shaker reedrow

on extraneous rnamentation.A

result,Shaker ie safes ereoftenb

with the lat sideof thepanelsacing

while heattractive,aisedaces re

den rom view on the nside.

A panel-raisinglanebevels neendof a wood anel.These and ools

mustbeusedn pairs o raise panel Usingleft- nd right-handmodels

allowshepanel o bebeveledn thedirection f thegrainat all times.

RAISINGANETSN ROUTERABLE

Making raised anel itha router

Instal l panel-raisingit nyour outer

andmounthe ool n a table. osi t ion

the encen inewith hebit 's i lot ear-

ingand et hecutting epth t % nch o

thatyou an each our inaldepthn wo

or more asses.owerheguard verhe

bitand urnon he outer.ominimize

tearout,ut heendgrain f hepanel

firsi,bevelinghe opandbottom efore

thesides. eephepanella ton he ableinsideace own nd lush gainsthe

fence syou eed t across he iI (righl.

Repeathecutat heother ndandalong

both ides. urn ff he outer nd est-fit

one nd n a f rame roove.f thepanel

l ies ess han% nch eepn hegroove,

increasehecutt ing epth l ightly nd

make notherass l laround.ontinuen

this ashionnti l hepaneli tsproperly.



PIE, AFE

AISED ANELSNA TABLEAW' l

Bevel ingheends

I Todetermineheblade ngle or a is-

ng he panels , raw %- inch quare t

hebot tom orner f onepiece,henmark

l i ne rom he ns i deace f hepane l

he ns ide orner f hesquareopointon he bot tom dge' / "nch rom

ace insei l .nstal l 6- inch-

auxi l iary ood ence, old hepanel

he ence ndad j us the b l ade

a l i gns l t h hem ar kedine .

d j us theb l ade e i gh t n t i l he

ip of one oothextends eyond

ace f he pane l ,henc lamp

gu i del ock o the

pane lo r i de l ongo f he ence . eedhepane ln to

ade , eep i ngt f l ushaga i ns the

wh i l epush i ngt f o rward i t h he

block r ight)Test - ft the cut end

roove .f l e ss han% nch

panel ntershegroove, ovehe

l i t t le losero theblade ndmake

ass. epeathecutat theother

ndo f hepane l .

Bevelinghe idesB eve l i nghe s i des f t e r ouhave

beve ledheend ra in e lps in imizetearout. et hepanel nedge nd eedit intoheblade,eepinghebacklushagainsthe ence. urnhepanel verocut he emainingdgelefil.



PIESAFE

A PANEL.RAISINGIGF()R HE ABTEAWTo aise panel n he able aw ith-out djustingheangle f heblade,use heshop ui l t igshownt ight.

Refero he llustrationorsuccest-

eddimensions.

Screwhe ipalonghebottomedge f heangledence;make ureyoupositionhescrews hereheywillnot nterfereith heblade. rop

theangledence gainstheauxi l -iary ence t hesame ngle s hecuttinginemarked n a panelpage

95),using sliding evelo ransferth eangle. ut riangularupportso

f t preciselyetweenhe wo ences,then ix h em n olace ithscrews.

Counters inkhe astenerso hepanel i l l l ide moothlylongheangledence.

Touse he ig,posit iont on hesaw ablewith he ointbetween

the ipand heangledence bout% nch rom heblade. utt he able

saw'sip ence gainsthe ig's uxil-iary ence nd crewhe wo ogether.Turn n hesaw nd rank o he

blade lowlyo cuta kerf hroughhelip.Next, eathepaneln he igand

adjustheheight f heblade nti la singleooth rotrudeseyondhefront f hepanel.Make test ut na scrap oardhesamehicknesssthepanel nd hen heckts t in

thegroove;djusthepositionf hefence rblade,f necessary.he n utth epanel, evelingheends rghf,

bottom)beforeawinghesides.

[f,til, li

l

\\

\

Auxiliary ence9" x 30"



ASSEMBLING HE SAFE

f\ nce ll he loating anels re eady,V it is ime o glue he ramesogeth-er.Startby fitting the panelsnto theirframes, sshownbelow, henglueup

the railsan dstiles,orming he sidesof the cabinet page 8).The extstepinvolvesnstallinghebackpanelon theframe page 9).

Thepiesafe eaturedn thischapterincludes voof the ewdecorativeouch-es ound n Shakerurniture:crownmoldingand cockbeadinground heinside dges f thedooropeningsn thefront frame.The moldingprovidessmooth isualransitionrom he rontandsideso the opofthe safe. lthough

moldingmight appear o be an extra-neous mbellishment,he restrained,unadorned esign hown sentirelynkeeping ith theShakerdeals f sim-plicityand harmony.

A ledger trip sfastenedo thebackbottom ail of apiesafe.Once trips ave een ttachedoal l our bottom'ails,hibottom anelwill bescrewedo the opedge f thestrips.

ASSEMBLINGHESIDEPANETS

1 Fittinghepanelsnto heir ramesI Test-assemblehesiderames.f ajoint s oo ight, isassemblehepieces

anduse chiselo pare wa y ome ood.0nce ou re atisfedwith he t,sandany urfaceshatwi l lbediff icul to reachwhenhe rame as een lued p,andspreaddhesivenal l he ontactingur-faces f he ai ls nd ti les. onot pplyany luen hepanelrooves;hepanels

must e reeomove ithinhe rame. etone f hesti le airs na work urface,f t he ai l enonsnto heirmort ises,henslip he ramesnt o heirgroovesleft),

tappinghem nto osit ionith mal let,

if necessary.it heoppositetile ai r nthe ai ls nd lamphe rame tep ).



PIESAFE

Clampinghe iderames

Set he rame nside-faceownon a

work urface ndsecurehe mort ise-and-

tenono in ts i thbar l amps . l tgn tnghe

bars i th he ai ls,ightenheclamps nt i l

a g luebead queezesu to f the o in ts

(rrght). rotecthe stileswithwoodpads.

Use trysquareo ensurehat he rame

remainsquare syou ightenheclamps.

Once headhesiveas ured, emovehe

clamps nd hen and l l hewood mooth,

GLUING PTHESAFI

1 Gluinehe ront nd acko he idt -

I Preparehe ai ls f he ront ndb

of hepre afe syouwould or hesid

(nape 2 l nda lso r r t mu l l i ono r hF s b v J 4 '

back rame. ut enons t heends f

mu l l i on nd ou t rch ise l u tmatch

mnrt isesn heedpes f the back rar a i l c T h p n o l r r p t h p n i p e p c i n o p f h o r r r c

a long ar lamp o securehe oints.

thes ide amesns ide - facep on yo

shop loor ndspread ome lue nal l

contact ing urfaces etweenhe sid

f rames nd he ron tandback .F i t h

back rame enonsnto heirmort ises

oneo f he s ides /e f f ) ,hen ns ta l lh

front rame hesameway.Final ly,etremainingide rame n op.



PIESAFE

r) Clampinghe afeI Careful lyet hecabinetpright, orkingith helper,fnecessary.se ourmore ar lampsosecurehesidesothe ront ndback, l ign ingwo lamps i th he op a i l s fthe ront ndback nd he emainingwowith hebottomarls.Besure o protecthestock i thwood ads. ssoon syouhaveightenedl l hec lamps,se tapemeasureocheck

thesafeorsquare bove), easuringhedistanceetweenoppositeorners;he womeasurementshould eequal.fnot, nstal l notherar lamp crosshe onger f he wodiagonals,e t t inghe lampaws n hose l readyn p lace.Tightenheclamp i t t le ta ime,measurings ou ounti lthe wodiagonalsre qual.

Installingheback anels

Set hesafe own i th tsbackacing p, hen nsta l lprloted -inchabbetingit na routernd djusthecutt ingdeptho %enchmorehan he hicknessf heback anelsyou reusing. outhe abbetsroundhe nsidedgesf heback anel penings,eepinghebit 's i lot earingressedagainsthestockhroughouthecut (above,eff),hen quare

thecorners i tha chisel. ut wopieces f plywoodo itsnug lynto heopeningsnd pply h inbead f adhesrvealonghe abbetsabove,ight) nd n hecontactingurfacesof heplywood.preadheglue venly,et hepanelsnposi-t ion ,hen se mal lin ish inga i l sosecurehem t6- oB-inch ntervals.



PiESAFE

INSTALLING()CKBEADIG

1 Preparinghe afeorcockbeading

I Cut rabbetroundhe nsidedge f

th e ront rame f hesafe, singhesameprocedureou ol lowedor heback an-

els page 9).This ime, nstal l ' l - rnchp i lo tedabbet ingi t nyour outernd

adjusthecutt ing eptho about% nch.

Keephebit 's i lot earingutted gainst

thestock syoumakehecut (right),hen

squarehecornersi th chisel.

r) Millinghe ockbeading

L tuaxe noughockbeadingrom

thick-stocko it he abbetsut nst

shapingt withmoldinguttersna

saw.Do otuse arrowtock;nste

cutpieceshat re t east inches

and hen ip he ockbeadingrom h

Insta l lnauxi l ia ryence nd a ise

moldingea dnt ohewoodenceon

it . Use featherboardo securehewpiece; crewt to a shim o hepres

wi l lbeapp l iedga insthemidd lef

stock. oadlusthecut,center ned

theboard ver cutter,hen utt he e

againsthe ace f hestock. old

workpiecelush gainsthe ence n

table syou eed t into hecutters/

Shapeheoppositedge f heboar

same ay. nce l lyour tock as e

mi l led .nsta l l r iob lade n he aw

cut hecockbeadingrom heboards

ing t wide noughoprotrudey% n

from he abbetsn hesafe.

Auxiliary ence Featherboard



PIESAFE

J Gluingownhe ockbeading<'

C u t hecockbead i ngo f i t i ns idehe r on t r am e ,m i te r -

i n g h ee n d s . u ta n d i t o n ep i e c e t a t i m e , l i g n i n gh e

mi te red ndsw i th hecorners f t he rabbe ts . p read l i t t l e

g l ueon he con t ac t i ngur faces . seanysu i t ab l e l am p o

FASTENINGHE ()P ANEL

secu r ehe cockbead i nglong he op and bo t tom f t he

open i ng , ro tec t i nghes t ockw i thw ood ads ; o r he s i des ,

wedgehin wood t r ips l ight lyongerhan hegapbetween

the cockbeadingabove).

1Makinghewood uttons

I l f youareusing ood ut tonso nsta l l

the opon hepiesafe, ouwi l l need o

make nough uttonso space hemevery

6 inches longheends ndedges f he

panel . ou anmass-producehe but tons

froma s ing le oard f a th icknessqual

to thegapbetweenhe opedge f the op

frame ai ls nd hegroovesoucut n the

rails page 3), essZo nch.Cu ta %-inch

rabbet t each ndof he board,hen ipi t into - inch-widet r ips ndcut o f f he

but tons bout % nchesrom heends(inset).fomake crew olesn he buttons,

i ns ta l l o - i nch i t n you r r i l lp r ess nd

fashion cornerig rom%-inch lywood

andL-shapedupport rackets. lamp hej i g o t hem ach i neab le nds t eadyhe

but tons i t ha push t i c k .Dr i l l h rough

the center f the unrabbetedort ion f

eachbutton /efu.



PIESAFE

r) Instal l ingtheidemoldingI FasIenne idemoldingrst ,henthe ront iece,nd nal lyhe emain-ing ide iece. ut hemoldingieces

to ength, i teringheir nds. preadsome lue n h e ontactingurfacesbetweenhe irst ide iece nd he oprai l f he ide nd et heoiecenposit ion.oal loworwoodmovement,

donot pply ny lue etweenhemoldingnd he opof hesafe. lampthe ront ieceo he ront ai l -withoutglue-tohelp ou l ignheside ieceproperly.nstal lwobar lampslongthe op o secureheside iecenplace,ighteninghe lampsradual ly

unti l hinbead fglue queezesutfrom he oint; sewood adso protect

bothhemoldingnd he op above).

Q Installinghe rontmoldingr.J 0nce hesrdemoldingas eensecured,emovehe lampsoldinghefront iecenplace nd pply lueo tand o he ront ai l f hepie afe. lsospreadome dhesiven hemiteredends f hemolding.se andscrewsoclamphe rontmoldingo he abinet,spacinghe lampsbout inchespart(left). inally,nstallhe emainingidepiece s ou id he rst ne.



SHELVING

A diustablehelvinsould odoubtA ttuu. ppealedishaker urnituremakers.he eature ivescabinetlex-ibiliry adaptingo changingeedsnd

enablingheusero organizepace ostefficiently.heshelvesanbeheld nplace ithshelf upportshat it inholesdrilledn thestiles,sshown t right.Another ptionsshop-madeoodencorner tripsbelow),hich re adoedandattachedo the nteriorcorners fthepiesafeo holdup heshelving.

USING ORNERTRIPS

1 Makinghe ornertrips

I You anmakeour tr ips, ne oreach ornerf hepie

safe,rom single -inch-wideoardhat s ong nougho

extendrom op o bottom f hecabinet.nstall dado ead

onyourable aw nd et hewidth qualo he hicknessf

theshelf upportsouwil luse.Determinehedesiredpacing

of henotches-typicallybout inches-and ut wodadoes

thatdistancepartna miter auge xtensionoard. lign he

left-handadowith heblades ndscrewheextensiono he

A metqlshelf upport in is being crewednto a threaded leeven

apiesafe tile. nsertednto drilledholes t evenf spacedntervals

from thebottom o the opof thecabinet,hesleevesllow hepins-

and shelves-tobe nstalled t virtuallyany height nside hesafe.

gauge ith heother ado ffseto he ight.Cuta 2-inchpiece f shelf upporttock nd t i t into hatdado, here

willserve san ndexingkeyinseil. ut ou r rstdado bo8 inchesro moneend-orat whatevereight ouwant ou

lowesthelf.Cut hesecondndsubsequentadoesymo

ing hepieceo he ight nd itt inghepreviousado verth ekey above).he nhedadoesreall cut, ip heboard

into our1-inch-wideornertr ios.



PIESAFE

r) Installinghe ornertrips

L and helf upportsSpreadome lue n hecontact ing

surfacesetweenhecornertr ips nd

the t i les f hep ie afe , nd osi t ion

each tr ip,makingurehat hedadoes

facehe nteriorf he abinet.oclamp

the tr ipsnplace. se hinwoodcraps

sl ightlyongerhan hegap etweenhe

stripsabove).or heshelf upports(representedydottedinesn he l lus-

trat ion), easurehedistanceetween

the ront nd ack t i les f hesafe nd

crr t hen ieceso i t Ensurehat hesuppor tsrewide nougho ho ldhe

shelvesecurely.

Q Preparinghe helves\, Al l our ornersfeach helfmust e

notchedo i t aroundhe ornert r ips.

Measurendmark ach he l fc lampt

face ownoa work urface,nd utout

thecornersitha backsawlefD.



TIN-PANELDOORS

-f h. doorsof thepiesafe re oined

I with the openversion f the mor-tise-and-tenonloint used o assemblethe cabinet. hereinforcing egswill

prevent he oints from racking,evenunder heheaviestse.Asshownbelow,you canmakehe ointonyour able awwitha shop-madeig.Once hedoors reassembled,heyare abbetedo acceptthe tin panelspage0B).Asshownonpage I 1,a varietyof special unchesare availableor piercing he panelsthemselves.nce hepanels re nstalled,the doorscanbe mounted o the safewith simplebutt hinges page114).

Thedoors f thepiesafe reassembledwith mortise-and-tenons,einforcedywoodpegs.The in panels it n rabbetsalong he nsideedges f thedoors ndareheld nplacebystripsof molding.

MAKINGHED(IORS

1Cuttinghe enonheeksn he ails

I Cut penmortise-and-tenonsnyourable aw singheshop-madeigshothe nset. efero hedimensionsuggested,akingurehe hicknessf hespandwidth f hebrace nablehe ig o sl ide longhe ip ence i thout obbCut hebody ndbracerom /uinchplywoodnd heguide nd pacerromwood. aw noval oleora handlen he ig body nd ttachheguideo hebodfront f hehandle.crew wood locko hebody elowhehandlend t tactogglelampo heblock. inally,astenhe pacerndbracenplace.o ut he echeeksn hedoor a i ls, ut t heworkpiecegainstheguide nd lampt n plSet hecutting eighto h e enonength, ositionhe enceo align ne f hectingmarksn he ai lwi th heblade nd l idehe igalonghe enceo makehebbove).urnhe ailaroundo cut heother heek,hen epeathecuts t heotend f he ai l nd tboth nds f he emainingai ls,



PIESAFE

Cutt inghe enon houlders

Screw board o the mitergauge s

nextension.hen, o ld ingne f hedoor

heextension,d lustheblade

o thedepth f the enon houlder .heshou l de ri t h heb lade , u t ta

b lock gainsthestock, nd

blocko heextension;henotch

blockwill preventawdustrom

etweent and heworkpiece.

o ld inghe a i l ush gainstheextension

he stooblock.eed he stockwith hear rpen c r r i he rs t hou lder .o

oppos i t ehou lder ,u rn he a i lright). epeato cut he enon houl-

other ndof he a i land n he

ai ls . Caut ion: lade uard

or clarity.)

-) Cuttinshemortisesn he tiles<'

r. , l Usehe enoningig o saw hemor-t isesn hedoor t i les . ut l inehemor-

t i ses n heends f he t i les,s ing

completedenon saguide.hen lampnnp n f the s t i l es n thp i i o rese t he h ladp

heighto the enon ength, ndposi t ion

the ence o al ign neof hecutt ingmarks

w i t h h eb l a d e . l i d eh e i ga l o n gh e

fence o cutone rde f hemort ise,hen

turn hest i le roundo cut heother ide( /ef f ) . eposi t ionhe ence ndmake s

manypasses snecessaryo clearout he

waste etweenhe kerfs.Repeathe cutsat the other ndof the st i leandat both

ends f he em a i n i nst i l es .



PIESAFE

4iPreparinghedoor ramesor he alsemull ion

\, 1 Toenable he pie safedoors o closeproperly,ut a rabbet

a longhe nsideaceof bothdoors t he i r ontact ingdges;

wood t r ip , nown sa fa lsemul l ion, i l lbegluedntothe abbet

of the ef t -hand oor o he doorswi l l rest lushwhen losed(page10.fhe t/e-inchapbetweenhe r ight-handoor nd he

edge f he mull ion i l lpreventhedoorsro mbinding hen hey

are losed, sshownn heend-on iew n he nset. or herab-

bets,nstall dado ead nyourable aw ndadjusttswidth

to1/znch nd tsheightto/ronch. t tachnauxi l iaryfencetyourable aw ip ence,ositionhe enceor hecutting idth,

andnotchhewoodenence ith heblades.osupporthedoor

frames.lamo eatherboardo he ence bovehedado ead.Feed ach rame nside-faceownwithbothhandsabove),

keepingt laton he able ndpressedlush gainsthe ence.



PIESAFE

JPeggingtheortise-and-tenons

/ Mark eg oles t all our ornersf each oorrame,en -teringhem n he ront ace f he ailsr/z nchesrom hesideedge f hedoor.nstal l 5/ro- inchrad-pointi t nyour ri l lpress,lace backupanel n h emachineableo minimizetearout,nd etone f hedoorramesn op, enteringdrillingmark nderhebit.Adjusthedri l l ingepthoaboutwo-th i rdsthe hicknessf he rame. utt board gainsthe rame nd

MAKINGHE INPANETS

1 Securinghepatterno hepanel

I Tinpanelsnd he ools sedopunch

holesn hem re vai lablerom olk-artsupply ouses.he est ayo punchheholesn hepanelso hey re l l he ameis o use patternsa template.everalcommonatternsre llustratednpage

111;use photocopieri th nenlarge-ment eatureo oroduceversionf he

desi redatternhat s hesame ize syour anels.hen etone f hepanels

inside-facepona backupoard,enter

th epatternn hepanel,nd ix hepaper

to he inwithmaskingape. osecurehepanelo hebackupoard,se ush ins,

tappinghem nto heboard veryewinchesroundheperimeterf hepanel.

clampt nplacesanedgeuide.hen, oldinghe rame gtheguide, rill hehole above,eft).Borehe emainingoin both rameshesame ay.Cuta pegoreach olerom p

ofsol id tock, akingt sl ight lyhorterhan hedepth f holes,hepegs hould ecutsquare,aperedt hebottomandwitha slight ha mfert he op.Ta p ach egnto tshwitha hammerabove,ight),lellingt protrudebout /r on



PIESAFE

TRADITIONATINPANEL ATTERNS COMMONINPUNCHOOLSANDTHECUTS HEYMAKE

Basbpunchldeal or makin4qeomet-ric patterna becauaeLproducea olea f uniformerze; hts punch eaveea amoothedqeon botheideeof the panel

Lamp maker'achiselFroducea emooth,elon-

4aLedhole; raditionallyuaed n lanLernmaktnq

CurvedchiaelMakeacreacentmoon ehapedcute; tradittonally ueedwhenti4htinqwaopootttoned ehtnd

the panele

Star punchTraditionally ne of the moatcommonly oedohapeo

Diamond punchldeal for Lhe edqee of patterne;a traditional choice when Iiqh'L-tn4 wao uaed behind Lhe panele

PineapplepunchFroducee he burraonpineapple aLterno

Courteey f CountryAccents.MonLourevi l le.A



PIESAFE

r' ) Punchingheholes

L tJsea hammer nd heappropr ia te

punch r chisel or he ypeof hole ou

wish o produce. oldinghepunch ert i -

cal ly n oneof the pattern oles, t r ikethe toolwith he hammer righil.A mini-

mumamount f force s neededo punc-

ture he panel;he harder oustr ike he

punch ,he argerheho lew i l lbe .Punch

al l he holeshesameway, hangingo a

di f ferent unch rchisel s necessary.f

youareusing metal ther han in for

thepane ls ,uch smi ld tee l , ouw i l l

need o f i le he sharp dges f theholes

on heou ts ideace f hepane ls . i th

t in, i l ing s notnecessary.

Insta l l inghe inpanelsndmoldingMakeour t r ips fmo ld ingo reach ane l syouwou ld

for the glassdoorsof a wall clock page125). hen set he

door rames uts ide-faceownon a work urface nd place

panel ndmoldingn posi t ion.hesharp dges f hepunched

ho les hou ld e ac ing own.Bore i l o tho les o r i n i sh ing

na i l shroughhemold ingnd nto he rame very inthen r ivehena i l s s ing b rad r i ve r . ouse hedr iinse r t na i l n to p i lo t o le ,hen os i t ionhe aws nt igh tenhe ock ingut .Ho ld inghe ame teady,quth e aw so set he nail above).

, o b ; 0 0 0 - 0 6 " 0 0 "? ' - r . .

" " '""""'""^""-.3: *

- ' " " :



PIESAFE

INSTATTINGHEDO()RS

ili, llj ltl ili lll lli lll lil jlt lj ljJlit ll rilltll ili jjj lll1 Instal l inghehinges n hedoors

I Secure neof thedoors inge-edge

up n a bench i se .Out l i neneh i nge

leaf bout inchesrom he opof the

door ndanother inchesrom he bot -

tom.Then . o ld rngch r se le r t i ca l l y .

scoreheout l ine ndcut t s l ight ly eep-

er han he h icknessf hehinge eaf .

H o l d hech i se l eve l p o pare he

waste rom he mort ise above). nceyouhave leared u t he remain ing

mort isesn bothdoors, e t he hinges

in he i rmor t i ses ,r i l lp i l o t o l es , nd

screwhem n place.

1HO?Tt?Making butterfly hingeeWiLh heirwing-shapedle ves, utLerf lyhinqee

were ommonly eed n3haker urniture. od y,theyareexVeneivenAditri ult Lo find. l, ow v r,t ranof rming eNandardbutlhinqe nho buLterflyhinqeoa oimplemalter,Grind he opoandbollomsof butt hinqeeaveoonyourbenchrinder nLi lyouuI away noughmelal lo Vroducehe characterieNichape.

6



PIESAFE

O Installinghehinges n hesafe

Z- Pos i t i on neo f the doors n the

cabinet, l ippingwoor hree heets fpaper nder hedoor sspacers, sea

bar lamp o hold hedoor n place,hen

mark he ops ndbottoms f hehinge

leavesn he ns ide dge f he ron t

frame t i les above). emovehe door,

s l ip hepins utof he hinges,ndout-l i n c th p f r p p h i n s p l p : v p c n n t h p s : f p

usinghemarks oumade o determine

theheight f heout l ines. ake ure he

hinge inswi l l protrudearenoughrom

thesafe o as not o bindagainsthe

cockbead inghen hedoor sopened

and losed. hisel ut hehingemort ises

on hecab ine t t i l es syoud idon he

doors page 13) andscrew he hinge

leavesn place. epeatheprocessi th

theother oor.

Hanginghedool

Once l l thehingeeavesre nstal led,t is ime o hang hedoor. i f toneof h

doorsnt oposition o h e hinge eaves n he door nd he safe ngageabove). li p

each inge in n placeo oin he eaves. angheother oor hesame ay.



,.!l

wiat

I" - * s F . 3



i S i l

ff i hesame rinciplesha t$ guided heShakersn

their daily l ives-pur i ty,wholesomeness,nduseful-ness-are eflectedn every-

thing heybuilt.Each f thesrnallShaker rojects ea-tured n thischapter-awallclock,a stepstool,an ovalbox, and a pegboard-is aclassicxamplef h is ingle-mindedphilosophy.

To heShakers,o house-hold it em, no ma tterhowsmall, ouldbe consideredfrivolousor simpleadorn-menl The erm

"knickknack"

hadnoplacen heirexicon.Whateverheymade ad obestrong, urable, ndwith-ou [ ault.talso ad obeper-fectly uited o thepurposefor which t wasdesigned.

Wallclocks,ike he oneshown n page I B,and all, reestandingrandfatherlockswere ssentialo theShakers'disciplinedives, ut heShakersdesignedther ypes or special eeds. hehomely

wag-on-

the-wall" lockhadno case, ut onlya small rame o pro-

tect hemechanism,ndsimply ung roma peg. heyalsomade asic locksor theirbarns hathadonlyanhourhand.Eveness rnatewas he

"towerclock"at Sabbathdayake,

Maine. his imeuieceadno face r hands t all. ts main

featurewasan 80-poundbrass ngine ell hatsound-ed oudlyon hehour.

Oval boxes, ike thoseshownat eft,wereused o

store variety fdry goods.With theirdistinctivewal-lowtail ingers,traight ides,andsmooth inish, hebox-eswereelevated y Shakercraftsmanshiprom merevesselsnt o things f beau-ty.That he Shakers adethese oxes y he housandswhileholding o a highstan-dardof excellences emark-able-and typicalof their

creed ndcraftsrnanship.The al lcabinetsuilt by

theShakersreatedheneedto accessighshelves.hestepstoolshownon pageI29 nsweredh is equ i le -nent, becoming mobile

but sturdy taircase.lthoughts reads ere ftendovetailedinto hesides,trength,atherhanappearance,ustif iedheattractiveoinerv.

Thepegboardpage 35)san example fhow theShakersstretchedheusefulnessf a hurnblete muntilit becamenindispensableartof their ives.Pegsined hewallsof mostShaker omes, anging ve rythingrom bookshelvesndkitchenmolementso clocks ndchairs.

SreRCLASSICS

Madefi"ontquartersawn herryverteer,he bandfor the

boxshownabove s bett oroLffid dryingfonrr after firstltehry onkedn hot waternnd softerrcd. he band s

seuu'edn itsbentshnpe y copper acks.

The rttils,stiles, nd divider of thef'urrc for a Shnkerwnll

clocknrebeingglued tp,seared by bnr chmtps The rails

and st i les howttat left orc oitret lwith rabbets,while

the divider sirrryly rts tto dndoes ff acrosslrc stiles.



WALLCLOCK

T h. Shakersed verydisciplined,I structuredives. hey ose t4:00a.m.n thesummer,llowinghemselvesto sleepn anhour atern winter. hey

stopped orkingat7:30 .m.on sum-mereveningsndat 8:00 .m. n thewinter, ne-half ourbefore veningworship.hey lso te heirmealstpre-cise imes. ShakerlderromOhioonce aid,

Theclocksan emblem f

theShakerommunity ecausevery-thinggoesn ime.Promptness,bsolutepunctuality,s a sine uanonof a suc-cessfulommunity."

In theearly,leanearsf heirmove-ment,Shakerommunitiesonsidered

themselvesortunateo ownonework-ing"alarum"

clock.As hesect ros-pered, ndasclockmakersoinedhemovement,heavailabilityfthe ime-

piecespread.heShakerseverarriedpocketwatches,owever. hese ereconsiderednnecessaryndulgences.

Themechanismsf originalShakercloclsweremaderombrass r wood.Alesmstlyandmoreeliable odem lter-natives o buyaquartz lockmovement.Thesean eorderedompleteithmet-aldialandwithorwithoutapendulumfrommany obby upply tores.he ol-lowingpageshow ow o assemblecaseora Shaker-styleallclock.

IsaacNewtonYoungs asoneof the ew Shaker lockmakersto design ndconstruct asesohouse istimepieces.heclock

shownbelowwas nspiredbyone hathebuib n thespringof 1840 t theNewLebanoncommunityn New YorkState.

ANATOMYFA WALL TOCKTop rim4" x 1O3A"Caee top

panel5" x 9%"

Top-dooretile'lt/o"

x 10"Top-doorrail (2) -

1%" 10"Baakboard9%"x 32t"la"

Divider1'/o" 10"

Eottom-door

Caae aidepanel3" x 3O"ail (2)

2" x 10"

Eottom-door atile2"x'19%"

Bottom,iTtr;?;f

Thewall locksassembledith hesame reci-sionha tShakersroughto heir aily outines.

The ourpanels f hecase re luedogetherwith abbets,nd he ails nd tiles f hedoorsare oined ithopenmortise-and-tenonoints.

Thebackboardits ntoa rabbetutalongheback f hecase anels,nd s nai ledn place.

The ri mpiecesre imply luedo he opandbottom anelsf hecase. hedividersgluedinto toppedadoesn hesidepanelsf hecase.Use%e-inch-thicktockorall but hedoors nddivider, hich remaderom%-inch-thickood.



SHAKERCLASSICS

BUILDINGHE ASE

1Rabbetinghesidepanels

I Preparehecase iecesorassembly

by abbet ingheends f hes idepanelsonyour able aw. nsta l l dadohead n

thesaw ndad j us tt sw id th o %unch .

Se t hecr r t t i np e iph t t I i n ch .Sc r ew

a wooden ux i l i a r yenceo the i p ence

andnotch t w i th hedadohead. ohelp

you eed he long tockacrosshe saw

t ab l e nd o min im izeearou t , c rew

board san extensiono the miter auge.

Then, ut t ing nesidepanel gainsthe

f ence nd heex t ens i on ,eed t a long

with he miter augeo cut he rst ab-

beI (right).Repeat t the otherendof theboard nda t bo thendso f t he second

sidepanel . opreparehesidepanelsor

t he backboa r d ,u t a r abbe t l ong he

back dse f each oard

r) Preparinghesidepanels

L tor hedivider

0ut l ine hedado n he ront dge f each

s i d e a n e lh a tw i l l a c c e p th ed i v i d e r .

The eng th f t hedado hou l d e abou t

one-hal fhewidth f hediv ider .nstal l

st raight i t hesame iameters hedado

wrdth n a router , ut tonesidepanel n a

work urface gainst backup oard, nd

al ign he b i tover heout l ine. ut ta board

asanedge uide gainsthe outer ase

plate ndclamp hesetup n place.With

the base late lushagainstheedge uide,

p lungehe br t n to he backup oard nd

gu i det i n to hes ide ane l , t opp i nghe

cutat your nd ine /ef t ) . out hedado

in hesecond i depane l ,hensqua r e

both adoes i tha ch ise l .



SHAKERCLASSICS

QPreparinghedivideror nstallation

r - ,1Leav inghe aux i l i a ryence nd

miter auge xtensionnyour able aw,

no tch heends f hed iv ide ro f i t i n to

thedadoesoucu t n hes ide ane ls .Pos i t i onhe ence o cu ta %u- inch -w ide

no tch ndse t hecu t t i ng e igh t f he

dado ead o % nch .Ho ld inghed iv ide r

on edge nd lush ga ins the ence nd

extension,eed he miter augento he

blades. urn he board round ndnotch

the other end(right).

RoundingverhedividerRound verhe ront dee f he

divider na routerable. nstal l p i lot

%-inchound-overi t n a router, oun

the oo l n a tab le , nda l ign he enc

with hebi t 'spi lotbear ing.osupport

div ider, se hree eatherboards,lamping wo o the ence, neoneach ide

the b i t ,andone o the ab le .B raceh

secondeatherboardit ha support oa

securedo the able. Note: he eathe

board n he outfeed ideof the fenc

hasbeen emovedorclar i ty.) owusepush t ick o feed hediv ider crossh

table (left).Make wo passeso roun

over ach aceof the stock, tar t ing

a sha l lowu tand a is inghebi ts l i ghf n r i h p c p e n n d n : c c



SHAKER LASSICS

f ,Cutt inghebackboard

r- , / Usea piece f sol rdwood or he

backboard-a haker u i lder ou ld yp i -

ca l l v ave r sed i ne Tomark u t he

arch t t he opo f t he backboa r d ,i r s tmark cen te r l i neearhe opendof he

stock nduse compasso out l ine ci r -

c l ew i tha rad iu s f 2 l i nchesn hemid-

dleof hestock, entered1, nchesrom

t he opend .Nex t ,mark s t ra igh ti ne

acrosshestock ' inchesrom he op

end .Draw w ope r pend i cu l a ri nes s

show no accom m oda t ehe no t chesnt hp nn nanp l qp n r r band aw o cu t

ou t hea r ch .Se t hes t ock n hesaw

tab le nd eed hep i ece i thbo t h ands ,

makinghestraight uts rstand hensawinghesemici rcle/ef t ) .

,

Dr i l l inghepegholen hebackboard

, l Toensureheclockwi l lhang evel ,henesholemrrst ecenteredetween

h ee d p e s f h e b a c k b o a r d .a r k

o in t nyou r en te r l i neZ nches

he opo f hearch , henbo r e he

y o u r r i l l r e s s .n s t a l i / - i n c h

r t n hem ach i nend l am p

ane lo l ' e ab le o he lp i n i -

os i t ionourmark i rect ly

h eb i t , l a m p h eb a c k b o a r dn

nddrr l l he hole rrght).



SHAKERCLASSICS

JPreparingtheoppaneland op

I tt impieceor hebackboard

Youwi l lneed o cu ta no tch n heb

edge f the op panel nd op r im p

of the c lock ase o accommodatehbackboard.ut l inehenotchn hemi

of the edge f eachpiece. eavehe d

head ndmiter auge xtensionny

table aw, ut move he ence utof

way . o cu t he no tches ,l i gn he d

h e a d i t ho n e n do f h eo u t l i n e ,a

the b ladeso the h i cknessf the b

board , nduse he m i te r augeo fe

the panelnt o hecut.Then, lidehew

piece longheextensiony hewidt

the kerfand makeanother ass /effl,c

t inuing nt i l ou eachheother ndof

out l ine. se hesame etupo prepa

top r impieceor hebackboard.

Assemblinghe aseSm nn t h hc c as p n i e r ^ e5 p l l l g

backboard,sing rogressivelyiner and-paper,in ishing i th220-gr i t . ssemble

thecase n wosteps, tar t ing i th he

fourpanelsnd hediv ider. preadlue n

al l hecontact ingurfacesf thepieces

andclamp he oints ecurely,sshown

in thecolor hoto n page 16.Check

thecornersorsquare y measur inghe

distance etweeniagonal lypposi teor-

ners f thecase. he womeasurements

shou ld e hesame; f no t ,ad jus t he

clamping ressurent i l hey re. nce hegluehas ured, emoveheclamps, et

the assemblyac edown na work urface,

and i t t he backboardn pos i t i on .t i s

secured i th na i l s ; o no tuseanyg lue ,

since he boardmustbe ree o move s

thewood wel ls ndcontractsi thhumid-

i tychanges. ore i lotholesor nishing

nai lshroughhebackboardnd nto he

rabbets long he backedges f thecasenane lsSnacehehn les bou t i nches

apart ,hendr ive he nai ls n place r ight) .



SHAKER LASSICS

HE OORS

Cut t inghe enonsn he ai ls

I Use our ab l e aw o cu t he open

ha t o in he ra i l sndst i les f hedoors. aw he pieceso

hen ns ta l l commerc ia lenon i ng

rgon he saw ab le ; he mode l hown

n hemi te r l o t .C l am o neo f he

end-upo the ig,us ing wood ad

n r n t pn t t ho c t n r k l \ / l : k p t hc r r r t t i no

qual o thestockwidthandposi -

s o h eo u t s i d ea c e s f h e

w o r k p i e c er ea l i g n e d .

he ig orwardo feed he rai l ntor i ph t ) hen urn he s tockr r b , r ! / t ! ' i v i i

eoea the cu t on he o therMovehe ig owardhe blade l ightly

o he h icknessf he enonwi l lbeeoual

about ne- th i r dhe s t ock h i ckness

ndm ake w omore asses . epea the

o cut enon heeks n heother

ndo f t he ra i landa t bo thends f t he

a i l s .

r) Sawinghemortises

I Clamp neof thedoor t i les nd-upo

the ig,posi t ronhe rg o centerheedge

of theworkpiece i th he blade, nd eed

the stock nto he cut (left).Thenmove he

1ig ery l ight ly way om he b lade o

en la rgehem or t i se . ake no t he r ass ,

turn hest i le roundn he ig,and eed t

into heblade gain. ext ,est- f i t neof

the ai l enonsn hemort ise.f the i t is

too ight,movehe ig away rom he blade

sl ightly ndmake wo morepasses,ontin-

u ing n t i l t heenoni t s nug l yn hemor -

t i se.Use he sameprocedureo cut the

mor t isest heother ndof hest i le nd

at both nds f he emain ingt i les. ou^ ^ - ^ r ^ ^ , , ^ ^ ̂ ^ L ^ ^ * ^ r p i i o f n n r r i h i cd I d t 5 u u 5 t r d 5 i l u p - i l t d u - r , o . -

jo int , sshown npage 06.



SHAKERCLASSICS

QGluingp he ai ls nd t i les

r- ,1 Drv-assemblehe two door rameso check he i t of thejoints. f theyar e oo ight,us ea chisel o pare way xcess

wood; f anyof the enons xtends eyondhe outside dges f

thest i les, and t f lush. hen pread lue n hecontact ingur-faces f he a i l t enons nds t i l emor t i ses ,ndassemb lehe

frames. se hree lampso secure ach ssembly,l ignin

witheach ai landcenter ingthirdbetweenhest i les; rote

thestock i thwood ads. ightenheclamps l i t t le t a t im

untila thingluebead queezesut of theloinIs

above),he

ing he rame orsquare syougo.

/Preparingtheoor ramesorglass anels

-tEach oorwi l l have glass anel hat

si ts n rabbets ut along he nside dges f

the rame;heglasss held n place ystr ips

of molding. nce hegluehas ured, emove

the clamps ndcut he rabbets n a router

table. nstal l ' / . inch op-pi lotedtraight i t

rna rou te r ndmount he ool n a tab le .

Ad jus theb i t he igh to thecomb inedh ick -

ness f theg lass ndmo ld ing ouw i l l be

using.Removehe ence ndse ta door rame

on he able. urn n he oolandpresshe

inside dge f he rame gainsthebi t near

on ecorner,hen otatehe stock lockwiseo

cu t he rabbe ts long he ra i l s nds t t l es(r ishf l Keen he ramp aton he ableas" b " ' / ' '

yo u ee d t into he bit.Squarehe corners f

the abbets i tha mal let nda wood hisel .

Repeatheprocedureor heother oor.



SHAKER LASSICS

ri Makinghe lass-stopolding, f Cut hemold inghatwi l lsecureheglassn hedoorsrom

a single%-inch- thickoard. tar t y oundingver oth dges

of he piece syoudid or hedrv iderpage 20) , hen rp he

mold ingrom he board nyour able aw, eedinghestock

witha push t ick above) .aw he mold ingo f t in to he rab-

be t s n hedoors , ak ing 5 'm i te rcu ts t heends f eachp i ece . u tand i t onep i ece t a t ime,mak ingureo a l i gnhe

miter utswrth hecornersf he rabbets.

f, Mountinginges n hedoors

r- ,1Thedoors rehung n heclock asewithbut th inges:he

hinge eavesre oncealedn recessesut nto he ns ideaces

of hedoors nd he ront dges f hecase. os i t ionach oor

in urnon hecase ndout l inehehingeeavesn hedoors ndthecase. ocut he ecessesn hedoors, lamp he rameo a

work ur facenside- facep.Cuteach ecess i tha chise ln wo

steps. tar t yhold inghechise l er t i ca l l ynyour ut l ine i th

thebeve lac i nghew as t e nd ap hehand le i t ha mal l e t ,

mov inghech i se l l ongo scoreheent i r e u t l i ne . hen are

aw ayhewasten h i n aye r s ,o l d i nghech i se l o r i zon ta l l y ,

bevel-sidep (left). estJit hinge eaf n he recess eriodical ly,

s topping hen he ecesssabout%onchdeeperhan he h ick-

ness f he eaf .Wi th he h ingeeaf n posi t ion, ark hescrew

holesn he ecess,ore pi lo thole t eachmark, ndscrewhe

hingeeaf o hedoor .Use hesame rocedureo cut he ecess-

es n th e rontedges f the case.

I

Securingheglass

I Have lass anels reparedor he door, utt ing hem %

inch hor terndnar rowerhan hei r penings.h iswi l l eave

a %o- inchaparoundheglasso a l low orwoodmovement .

Apply our n ish o thedoor rames,et t dry, henset he

door rames ndglass na work ur face ndplacehemold-

ing n posi t ion.ore i lotholesor in ish ing a il s hroughhe

mold ing nd nto he rame very inches,hendr ive henai ls

using brad r iv er . ouse hedr iver ,nser t nai l ntoa pi lo t

ho l e ,henpos i t i onhe aws nd i gh tenhe ock i ng u t .

Ho ld inghe r am e t eady ,queezehe aws o se t he na i l(above). sea piece f cardboardo protectheglass.

Tuahetick



SHAKERCLASSICS

FINATSSEMBLY' l Gluingn he rim ieces

I Cut he opandbottomrimpieceso

size,hen ound ver ne ace f heir ideand ront dgesna routerable sing9%-inchound-overit @age 20. To n-stall hepieces,et heclock ase n tsback nawork urfacend preadlue nthecontactingurfacesf he rimpieces

and he opandbottom anels.osi t ionthe r impieceso heir ack dgesreflushwith heback f hecase nd ecurethemwithbar lampspacedvery to 6inches. ightenheclampsright) nlilalitt le lue queezesutof he oints.

r) Preparinghe aseor hedial nd lockmechanismL me dialand lockmechanismre t tachedo a hinply-

wood ackingoard, hichn urn sscrewedo cleats luedoth e nside f hecase. ut wo leatso t alonghe nsideaceof hecase ide anelsetweenhe oppanel nd hedivider.Cut h i rd ne o run lonethens ideace f he oooane l

betweenheside anels.ohelp oumarkhepositionsf cleats,est-fitheclockn hecase,ememberingo allowothedoors. ncehecleat ositionscertain,preadlue ncontactingurfacesetweenhecleats nd hecase, nd lthecleatsn placeabove).



SHAKERCLASSICS

Assemblinghe lockmechanismAssembleheclockmechanismollowinghemanufactur-d irect ions.or hemodel hown, osi t ionhedialon

hebackingoard rovidedndoutl ineheshaft ole n hehedialandboreheshaft olehroughhe

oard nyour r i l lp ress. i x hed ia l o heback-ngboard ithepoxy, akingure hedial scenteredetween

the board'sdges. oattachheclockmovementlnsef),nserttheshafthroughheshaft ole nd hedial, hen ightenhenuton he shaftby handhbovd. f the shaftprotrudesoo arfrom hedial, oosenhenut, emovehemovementnd l ip

oneor more ashersetweenhemovementnd hebackingboard. numberfwashersre upplied ithmostmodels.

Securinghe lockassemblyo hecase

Positionhebackingoardn heclockcase nd ri l lo i lo t olesor%-inch o.6 wood crewshroughheboard ndinto hecleats. ore hole t each or-ner, hendrive n hescrews/eff).



SHAKER LASSICS

f l Hansinshe oorsr\

r- , / Set heclock n rtsback ndposi-

t i on he ondoor n hecase .Wr th heh , n o o n i n n o n i o r p d h c i r n r e p n h p p d o o c

of hedoor ndcase,mark he hinge

leaf crew olesn thecase.Bore he

holes nddr ive hescrews,hen epeat

the nrncessor he hottnmaoor above).

l r e i the r oo r i nds ga rns thed iv ide r ,

t r ysand ingheb ind inga i l Now pp ly

a f in i sho hec lock ase .

Insta l l inghe endulum

Mostpendulum eights ave brassf i n i . h r h ^ r ; ^ ^ ^ " , 1 , , ^ ^ , ^ + ^ h o d . i h p u r o i o h il l l l l ) l l L l l d L ) U d ) l l y ) L l d t L i l L u , L r r L v y u r b r r

i c r r c ' r : l l v n r n t o n t o d h v 2 n l : c t r a a n \ / A r -

i n o D n n n i r p m n r i p i h p e n v p r i n s r r n l i l l h p

pendu lumasbeenmounted . l i dehe

pendu lumodunderhec lock ace o t s

t onend -a tchesn he hook nder he

movement .hec lock annowbehung

on a wa l l roma hook r a Shaker eg-

boardike heone hown n page 38 .



STEPSTOOL

f n theirquestororderandefficienry,I theShakersuilt chests f drawers ndcabinetshatmadegooduseof availablespace,ftenstretchingromfloor o ceil-

ing.Step toolsike heoneshown elowevolvedo enable ousehold embersto gainaccesso the uppermost helves.Depending n individualneeds,hestoolsweremade n two-, hree-,andfour-stepersions.he allerstools ften

ANATOMYF STEPTO(IT

featured teadyingodsscrewedo theside o provideahandhold.

Althbugh hese tools ppealo themoderneye,usefulness as heShaker

builder's ole oncern. hroughdove-tailswerechoseno attach he reads othesides ecausehe nterlockingoints

gave he stools trength ndstability.Step-by-stepnstructionsor cutting hejointsby hand,muchasaShaker rafts-

man might havedone,are providedstarting n page 30.

Thestools ereraditionally ut rom%-inch-thickherryexceptor theX-inch-

thickcrosspieces.nce ouhave utyourstock or thesides fthe stool, seapen-cil to mark he op,bottom,and rontandbackedges f each iece. hiswillhelpyouavoidanyconfusionwhenyoucome o cut hepinsat hesides'top nds.



SHAKER LASSICS

CUTTINGHE OVETAILS

1 Notchinghe idesor he rosspiecesI "

I Thes ides remade rom woboardsp l r r e d

n p e t h e rf t e r h e n o t c h e s n dthe p inso f the dove ta i lo in ta recu t n

them.Out l rnehe no tches n heedges

o f e a c h r d e i e c e .h e n u t h e mo n

your ab le aw. ns ta l l dadohead n

thesaw ndse t hecu t t i ng e igh to the

no tchw id th .Sc rew boardo the mi te r

gauge san extension. ake everalasses

to cut eachnotch r ight) , eeding hec t n n k r r n n n o d o p r n r i t h h p m i t p r s : t t o e

l l c p t h o r i n f p n c p , r c , q r r r d p o r c r r t t i n ov i v v ! ! i I b

u p o t h en o t c h n d i n e .

r) Laying ut hepins

L S"ta cutt ing augeo hestockhicknessndscr ibe l ine

aroundhe opendof each rde ieceo mark heshoulderine

o f he a i l s .Nex t , se dove ta i lquareo ou t l i nehep ins n

thesame nd; hew ide ar t f hep ins hou ld eon he ns ide

faceof thestock. tar twi tha hal f-pin t each dge ndaddo r r o n l v c n a n e d n i n c i n h o t u r p p n T n c n m n l p t p t h c m : r k i n o s p a t t r p

thepiecena vise nduse trysquare ndpenci lo extendhe

l ines n heboard nd o heshoulderines bove).Mark he

waste ectrons i th Xsasvouqo.

Q Cuttingin s

r.J Leavehepiecen hevise ndusea dovetai law o cu

a long heedges f he p ins ,work ingromones ideo f th

boardo theo ther . o r ach u t ,a l i gn hesawb ladeusthewaste ideof hecutt ing ine.Use mooth, ven trok

al lowinghe saw o cut on he push lroke above).ont in

saw ingrgh to heshou lde rine ,mak ing u re ha t heb lad

oeroend icu la ro he ine



SHAKER LASSICS

Chiselingut hewasteSet hesidepiecensideaceup on a

work ur face ndclamp n a guide lock,

a l i gn ingtsedgewi th heshou l de ri ne .

U s i ng ch i se l ow i de r han he na r r ow

sideof the waste ect ion, ut t he lat

s ideof the b lade gainstheguide lock.

Ho ld heendo f hech i se l qua r eo he

faceo f t he p i ece nds t r i ke t w i thaw ooden a l l e t , co r i ng l i neabou t%

inch eep. hen urn hechise lowardhe

endof hepanel bout% nchbelowhe

surface f the wood ndshave ff a thin

layer f wasle abovd.Continue having

awayhewaste n his ashionnt i l ou

areabout alfwayhroughhe hickness f

th e piece,henmove n o th enext ec-

t ion.When ouhave emovedll he waste

from hisside. urn hepiece ver , nd

work rom he other ide left)unti l he

pins re omplete lyxposed.



SHAKER LASSICS

Abhough theShakers id not have

routers nd conmtercinlig sat their

disposal, he tools'efficacyor cutting

dovetail oittts quickly nnd precisely

would certainlyhavenppealedo thent.The jigshownat right consistsf two

tenrplatesfastened o backupboards.

The workpiece s seun'ed o the jig and

a stopblockhelpswith positioningforrepe(lt Ltts. ere,a routerfitted with

n dovetailbit nrovesn and out of the

slots f the tail board template.

f, Layingut he ails

r,l Se ta tread ottom-faceponawork urface. old ne f

the ide iecesins own ith ts nsideace l ignedith he

shou lderine f he read. se penci loou t l inehe a i l s t

each ndof he read bove),hen xtendhe ines n he

board sing trysquare. arkhewaste i thXsand epeat

thep rocessi th he ema in ingread.

f, Cuttinghe ails nd emovingaste

V Use dovetailaw o cut he ai ls hesame ay ou

thepinsGtep ).Angl ingheboardabove),atherha

thesaw,makesoreasieru t t ing . aw mooth lynd v

stopp ingust hor t f heshou lderine . ou ana lso u

the a i l s nyour and aw. emovehewaste i th ch

as n steo .



SHAKERCLASSICS

7 Testinghe itof he oints

/ Beforelu ing p hestool, ssemblei t ocheckhe it of al l he oints. tandone f he ide iecesnend,hen l ign

a tread ith t. Presshe oint ogetheryhand s aras t willgo (right),henuseamalleto ap he readhe est f hewa yinto lace.heboardshouldt snugly,requir ingnly ightapping;void singexcessiveorce.f anyoint sclear lyootight,markhespot heret binds,hendisassembleheboardsnduse chiselto pareaway litt lemorewood, est-f i t he o in t ga in nd d justt u r ther ,asnecessary.

GLUING PTHESTEP TOOT' l Gluingp he ides

I Set pair f bar lampsna worksurfacend ay woboardsha tmake pa completeide iece n hem. preadglue n he ontac tingdgesf heboards,a l ignheir ottomnds, nd ightenheclamps nti l here renogaps etweentheboardsnd th inbead f adhesivesqueezesutof he oint left).Glue ptheother ide iecehe ame ay.



SHAKERCLASSICS

r) Relievinghe ide ieces

L gV u t t ing semic i rc leu to f hes ide ieces ,eav ingwo egs neachside,hestool i l lbemore table n

unevenurfaces.djust compasso arad iusf3% nchesndmark semic i r -c leonone f he ide ieces,lacinghecompassornt t hebottom ndof hesidesmidwayetweenheedges. ut hesemicirclenyour and aw right),eed-ing hestock crosshe ablewithbothhands.henmakehe ame u ton heother ide iece. ou an hen moothawayhemarksef tby hesaw lade ne q n i n d l o c a n d p r

? Installinghe readsr- ,1Spreadnevenayer fg lue n hecontact ingurfacesbetweenhepins nd ai ls,hen ssemblehe tool,ett ingthe reads n hesidepiecesabovd. ecurehe ointswithbar lamps,l igninghebars i th he ide iecesndusingwood ads s ong s he read idthodistr ibuteheclamp-ingpressure.

Attachinghe rosspieces

Set hestep tool nts

back dge ndapplylue

ocontact ingurfacesetweenhecrosspiecesnd hesidand reads. lacehecrosspiecesn heir otchesnd lamthem ecurelynplace. ear ach nd f he rosspiecea counterboredoleora wood crewhroughhecrossand nto he ront dge f heside iece. r ive screwneach ol e bovd.For perfect atch, se plug utter your rillpresso cutplugsrom hewaste oodeftby eing he ide ieces tep ).Spreadlue n heplugs ndthemnto heir o les,nsur inghat hegrain irect ionferunsn hesame irect ions hecrosspiece.se chisetr im heplugslush ith he urface,hen andhem mo

Croeapiece



SHAKE,RBOXES

BUILDINGB()X IT

Firstproducedn tlrc 1790s, lnker toxes

were tnde rr grndunted izeso hold

houseltold oor/s;wherrurrpty, heycoti ldbe testedrrside rre rrotlrcr. he

ovsl boxes entoirt optr lar odcry, tu l

cortbe nnde easi ly.frottr orrtt t terciol

ki ts.Th e boxshowtrut r ight wos rrt tde

by craftsnratr ohrt \lilsortoJ'Chnrlotte,

Michigarr.He trdded .fewhmrn'iotrs

refulenrctttso tlrc utilitsrintt yet elegnttt

Slnker desigtt, rtch s usingltird's-eye

trrapleJbr hebox torrdsru ln wsltuft

burl verrcer.fbrlrc op.

1 Cuttinshe inserst -

I Tomake Shaker ox roma commerc ia lr t , r rst repare

th estock or he wo bands-one or he boxandone or he op.

Thebands re ypical lyesawnromhardwoodtock o a th ick-

neSSOf / ,0 inCh. FOf 95 { locr l tc rrcoctra ioht-orr inor l ,qg3;[g;52yy11

stock i r -dr iedo a moistureontent f 15 o 20 oercent . nce

the bands ave een ut o size, se heproper-sizedingerem-plateo outl inehe ingers n he boxband above),hen mark

t he ackho les i t hanawlanddr i l l hemwi tha X , , - i nchi t .



SHAKERCLASSICS

r) Bevelinghe ingers

L Cla p the bandso a backup oard

andbevelhe ingers i tha ut i l i ty ni fe.

Holdinghekni fe i rmlywithboth ands,

cutat anangle f 10"aroundhe ingers

hbovd. Then aper he outsideac eof

theopposi tendof each andusing

beltsander, tartinghe aperabout Y,

inchesn rom heend . h isw i l lensure

a smooth ver laonduniformhickness

once he bands rebent.

QMarkinghe oint

r- , f Soak he boxand id bandsn boi l ing

water nt i l heyaresoft- typical ly bout

20 m inu tes . emovehe boxband om

the water ndwrap t aroundhe proper-

s ized oxcore o he beveledingersap

over he apered nd.Make reference

mark crossheedges f he bandwhere

the endsoverlap right).Keep he beveled

f ingers ressedrght ly gainsthecore o

preventhem romspl i t t rng.



PEGBOARD

'A placefor everything nd every-thing n itsplace"werewords he

Shakersivedby,and manyhouse-hold temsn Shaker omes ung

from assignedegs.

-|a h. pegboards a fitting ymbol fI theShaker'spproacho bothdai-

ly ifeandcraftsmanship.swithotherShaker-madetems, he clean,un-adornedines fthepegboardeflecteditshumbleunctionatherhanany on-cernwith appearance.ut hesimpledesigneliedhepegboard'sersatility.

Theboards id not ustholdhats ndcoats. ining hewalls fShakeromes,theywere n ntegral artofhouseholdlife-convenient, rganized,nd idy,hangersor everythingrom book-shelves,ipeholders,nd owel acksocandleconces,hairs, lothes angers(aShakernvention),ndwallclocks(page18).

MAKINGPEGBOARD

1 Shapingheback oardI Cut heback oardo size rom%-inchthick tock; aketswidth %inch-esand ts engthependentn henumberof pegs ouwillmount. hapeheboardona routerable singwodifferent its.Start y oundingverhe ront ace fth eboard t heedges ndends page

120,Ihenswitcho a pi loted ead it .Alignhe ence ith hebit'spilot earingan dadjusthecutting eighto hebeads

willbeabout% nch rom heedgesf heboard. ohelp ou eedheworkpiece,clamp featherboardo he able, racedwitha supportoard. eedheback oardinto hebitonedge, eepinghe rontface ressedgainsthe ence. henurntheboard ver nd epeatheprocedureorout hebead n heoppositedgerighil.

For the modern woodworker,hepegboardslso evealhe Shaker evo-tion to craft.Thesimplemushroom-shaped egswereaccordedhe same

attention o detailas he finestcabi-net. For this reason erhaps,Shakerpegboards ere emarkably onsistentin design ndconstruction o matterwhen or where hey weremade.Thepegswere ypically ashionedrommapleor cherryandaveraged nchesin length.Theyweresecuredo 3-inch-wide back boards usually mount-

ed 6 feetabove he floor. Thespaof the pegs ariedaccordingoboard'suse. n New LebanonHancock, he pegsweresomet

threaded nd hen screwedntobackboard.Normally,howeverwereattachedwith a friction fidescribedn this section.

You canbuy pegs eady-maturn themon your athe. n eithercthe base f the pegswill need okerfed o accommodatehe wethat securehem n place.



SHAKERCLASSICS

QTappingn hepegs

r- . f Tomake he pegs asiero instal l , sea sanding lock o

shape smal lbevel roundhe base f each ne.Then awa

ker f or a wedge crosshe base f thepeg; o avoid pl i t t ing

thewoodwith hewedge, ake hecut at a r ight ngleo thegra in.Once hepegs re eady, pread lue n hei rbases nd

tap he pegs nto he holes above).

r) Preparingheback oardor hepegs. a ^ ,Z- Star t ing ear needge f heback

board, ark hepegholes longhemid-d lp n f f hp qtnn l r (Thc nooa nn tho hnar rJ

show n t le f tw i l l be spaced i nchesapart . )nsta l l Y- inch rad-pointi t n

your r i l lpress ndat tach backup anel

to hemachineable o min imizeearout .

Se t heback oa r d n hepane l o he

f r s tm a r k sd i rec t l y nder he b i t and

c l am p boa r d sa gu i de ence o the

table lush gainstheworkpiece.hen,

but t ingheback oard gainsthe ence,

dr i l l h e holes /ef f ) .

Drivingn hewedgesForeachpeg, ut a Z, - inch- longedgeromscrapwood

Spread lue n the ker fs ndon hewedges,et he pegboard

facedown n a work ur face,hen ap he wedgesn wi tha

hammerabove) .vo id s ingoomuch orce;h ismay ause

a peg o spl i t . r im hewedgeslushwi th he back ace f the

board. astenhepegboardo thewal lbycounterbor ingcrew

holes nddr iv inghescrewsntowal ls tuds. oncealhe as-

tenerswith woodplugs page 34).



GLOSSARY

A-B-CAuxiliaryfenceA woodenttachmentto a tool's rip fence hat serves sananchor or accessoriesnd prevents

accidental amageo themetal ence.

Blank A pieceof solid or glued-upwoodused o create furniturepart,suchasa turned eg.

Bridle oint A type of openmortise-and-tenonoint in which he tenon sas ong as he width of the mortisepiece nd he mortiseextends crossthe entirewidth of the board.

Candlesconce: candlestick older.

Chamfer:A bevelcut along he edgeof a workpiece.

Cheek The faceof the projectingtenon n amortise-and-tenonoint.

Clearance ole:A hole drilled in aworkpieceo accommodatehe shankof a screw.

Cleat:A strip of wood fastenedo onefurniturepart to supportanother, uch

asa shelfor a tabletop.

Cockbeading:Narrow projectingmolding surrounding he nsideedgeof thedoor opening f a cabinet.

Compound-angle ole: A hole drilledinto a workpiecewith the bit present-ed at angles ther han 90o elative othe faceand edgeofthe stock.

Corner strip: A notchedwood blockfastenedo the stileof a cabinetor the

rail of a table o hold up a shelfsup-port or drawer lide.

Counterbore:Drilling a hole hatper-mits the headof a screwor bolt to sitbelowa wood surface o hat t canbeconcealed y a woodplug.

Countersinlc Drilling a hole thatpermits heheadof a screw r boltto lie flush with or slightlybelow awood surface.

Cross-doweftAwooddowelor metalcylinder hreaded crossts axis oaccommodate screwor knockdownfastener; suallyused o provide ong-grain strengthwhen screwingntoendgrain.

Crownmolding: Decorative riminstalled round heperimeterof apieceof furniture ust below he op;alsoknownascornicemolding.

D-E-F-G-H-r-lDado:A rectangular hannel ut intoa workpiece.

Edgegluing: Bondingboards ogetheredge-to-edgeo form apanel.

Endgrain:The arrangement nd

directionof the wood fibers unningacrosshe heends fa board.

Fiberrush:A natural iber made romthe wisted eaves f cattails sed ofor seatingmaterial n chairs; morecommonlyusedalternativesmadefrom twistedkraft paper.

Finiah An ornament-usually turnedand carved-projecting rom theuppercorners f a furniturepiecesuchasa chair.

Glass-stopmolding: Decorative tripsof woodused o hold apaneof glassin a door frame.

Half-blind dovetail A dovetail oinin which he structureof the oint iconcealedy oneside; ommonlyused o join drawer ronts o the si

K-r-M-N-O-P-QKerf:A cut made n woodby thewiof a sawblade.

Kickback Thetendencyof awork-oiece o be thrown back n th edirectionof the operatorof a woodworking machine.

Kicker:A board astened crossdraweropeningandpositioned bothe drawer o keep t from tilting

downwhenopened.

Knockdown hardware: A fastenerthat allows he quick assembly ndisassemblyf apieceof furniture

LeafiA panel hat is extendedoincreasehe sizeof a tableandretractedwhen not in use: t canbe hingedor sliding.

kdger strip: A short,narrowpiecof wood used o support he top or

bottomofa cabinet.

Listing: Canvas r wovenwool clotapeused or weaving hair seats;known asShakerape.

Miter gaugeA device hat slides nslot on a sawor router able,providing support or the stockas t movpast he bladeor bi! canbe adjustto differentanglesor miter cuts.

Molding: Decorative tripsof woo

used o embellish pieceof furnitu



ortise A hole cut into a pieceofto receive tenon.

oint: A joinery

n whichaprojecting enonut in oneboard its nto amatchingor mortise,n another.

slim verticalmemberf a frame;also

asamuntin.

A handplaneangledsoleused o bevel

f a panel n frame-and-construction.

drilled nto awork-o prevent plittingwhen ascrewusuallymadeslightlysmaller

the hreaded ection f thescrew.

bearing:A free-spinningmetalon apilotedrouterbit that fol-heedge f a workpiece r a tem-o guide hebit during a cut.

The square ection eft on afurniture eg;allows oom for

eeded o receiveails.

block or stick A device sed oa workpiecento a bladeor cutter

protect he operator'singers.

umber: Woodsawnsosurfacesntersecthegrowth

at angles etween 5oand 90o;known asvertical-grainedumber

o softwood.

oint:A methodof joining

the endor edge fits into a channel, rcut along he edgeor end ofworkpiece.

Rail In a table, he rails oin the egsandsupport he top; n achair,one offourboards hat rame heseat. lsothe horizontalmemberof a frame-

and-panel ssembly.ee tile.

Raised anel In frame-and-panelconstruction, cabinetor doorpanelwith a bevel ut around tsedges,decorative ffect hat

"raises"the cen-

ter andallows hepanel o fit into thegroove ut in the frame.

Rakeangle The angleat which achair egdeviatesrom theverticalwhen viewed rom the sideof thechair;see play ngle.

Rocker: he curved unnersof arockingchair oined o the chair egs.

RoughinggougeA turning tool usu-ally used o shape square lank ntoarylinder.

Rule oint A pivoting oint commonlyused n drop-leaf ables;eaturesmat-ing convexand concave rofilescutinto the edges f the able eafand op.

Shoulder:n a mortise-and-tenonjoint, hepartofthe tenon hat sper-pendicularo the cheek.

Sliding dovetail oint Similar to atongue-and-grooveoint, except heslide,shapedike the pin of a dovetailjoint, is held by a mating groove.

Splayangle: he angleat which achair leg deviates rom the verticalwhenviewed rom the front of thechair;see akeangle.

Stile:The verticalmemberof a frame-and-panel ssembly. ee ail.

Stoppeddado:A dado hat stops

beforecrossinghefull width orthickness f a workpiece.

Storypole:A shop-mademeasuringgauge sed o determinehe dimen-sions nd he ocation f the oints naproject,suchasa chair.

T-U.V-W-X-Y-ZTearoutThe endency f a bladeorcutter o tearwood ibers.

Template A patternused o guidea

tool n reproducingdentical opiesof apiece.

Tenon:A protrusion rom the end ofa workpiecehat fits nto a mortise.

Through dovetail oint A method ofjoiningwoodby means f interlockingpinsand ails,which pass ntirelythrough he matingpiece.

Tongue-and-grooveoint A joinerymethod eaturingaprotrusion rom

the edgeor end of oneboard hat fitsinto the grooveofanother.

Tiestle: n a trestle able,a board run-ning along he underside f the top towhich he egsareattached.

Wood button: A small,square-shapedblockwith a rabbetat oneend hat fitsinto a groove; sed o securehe opof apieceof furniture.

WoodmovementTheshrinkingor

swellingof wood n reaction o changesin relative umidity.



INDEX

Page eferencesn italicsndicateanillustrationof subjectmatter.Pagereferencesn bold indicatea Build ItYourself roject.

A-BArchitecture,0,15, 7Band saws

IigScircle-cuttin jigs,79

Baskets,22Benches

Dining roombenches,8Meetinghouseenches, 9, 5,48

crest ails,54-55cutting list,49legs,52-54

seats,4& 0-52,54-55spindles, 0,54-55

Blanketchests, lBlind mortise-and-tenonoints,90,

91-92Boxes, -9,17 ,117,135- 37Build It Yourself

Band sawscircle-cuttin jigs,79

Piesafespanel-raisingigs for the

tablesaw,96Butterflyhinges

Making butterfly hinges(ShopTip), 1lj

C-DCabinets,20Candlesconces,3Candle tands,& 78

Columns, 8,81,84-85Legs,78,82-84,85Rails,Z& 80,84,85Slidingdovetailoints, 57, 78,

81-83Tops,79,80

Canterburycommunity,10Chairs.25

Dining room benches,8

Enfieldsidechairs, 2, 19,25,26-27backslats,0-i1, 32,33cutting ist,27

joinery,26,28,31-i2, 33legs,27, 8-29, 1-33railsand stretchers, 0,32-33rushseats, 4-37

Listing, 4,44-47Revolving hairs,19Rocking hairs,19, 4,25,38-39

arms,41, 2-43assembly,42backs,24cutting ist, 39legs,40,43rockers,4l,43

tape seats,44-47Rushseats, 4-32Splint-seat iningchairs, 9See lsoBenches

Circular cutsCircle-cuttin jigs,79

Clocks, 7,23, 116, 17,118Assembly,26-128Cases,119-122Dial and clockmechanisms,

126-127Doors, 23-125Pendulums, 28

Clotheshangerc,23Cockbeading,00- 01Crownmolding,102-103Cupboards

Cabinets,20Sill cupboards,2lSee lsoPie safes

Cutting istsEnfieldsidechairs,27Meetinghouseenches,9Piesafes, 9Rockingchairs,39

Dining room benches,8

Dovetail ointsSlidingdovetails, 7,78,81-83Throughdovetails,29,130-133

DrawersDrop-leaf ables,69, 74-76

Drop-leaf ables,& 56,57,68Drawers, 9,74-76

Legs,69,72-73Ptails,69,70-73Tops,76-77

Drying racks,22

E-F.GEnfieldsidechairs, 2, 19,25,26-

Back lats,30-31, 2,33Cutting ist,27

foinery, 6,28,31-32, 3Legs,27, 8-29, 1-33Railsand stretchers,0,32-33Rush eats, 4-37

Finishes,ron endp perFootstools,22Greaves, harles,6

H-r-l-KHinges

Makingbutterflyhinges(Shop ip), 113

IigSBandsaws

circle-cutting igs,79Pipesteamers, ackendpaper, 0Rockingchairlegs,40

Routersdovetail igs,1j2slidingdovetails, Z 8l

Thblesawspanel-raisingigs or the able

saw,96

foineryBlind mortise-and-tenonoints

90,91-92Enfield ide hairs, 6,28,31-

32,33Mortise-and-tenonoints,106-

1 0 7 , 1 1 0

Slidingdovetailoints, 57, 78,81-83

Throughdovetail oints,129,130- 33



David,6-70,14

Rocking chair seats, 4-47enches, 9, 5,48Crest ails,54-55

taperingcrest ailson aplaner(Shop ip),55

Cutting ists,49Legs,52-54Seats,4& 0-52,54-55Spindles, 0,54-55

paint,/ront endpaperoints,106- 07,

1 1 0baskets,22

boxes, -9, 17,117,135-137front endpaper

Glass,124-125Raised,94-95

panel-raisingigs for the tablesaw 96

Tin,87,110-112ee iesafes

3, l7, 138-39

front endpaperesafes, 0, 86-87,88-89Assembly,7-103

Blindmortise-and-tenonoints,90,91-92Cockbeading, 00- 01Crown molding,102-103Cutting ists,89Doors,89,106

frames,106-110installation, 13-114makingbutterfly hinges Shop

Tip) ,113mortise-and-tenonoints,106-

107, 10pul ls, l15

ti n panels,7, 110-112Floatingpanels,93, 7panel-raisingigs for the table

saw96raisingpanels,94-95

Frame tiles.90-91

Rails,92-93Shelving, 04-105

Pipesteamers,0,back ndpaperPlaners

Thpering rest ailson aplaner(ShopTip),ssPulls,front endpaper

R.SRaised anels, 4-95,96Revolving hairs,19Rocking hairs,19, 4,25,38-39

Arms,41, 2-43Assembly,42Backs

listing,24Cutting ist, 39

Legs,40,4jRockers, I, 43Tapeseats,44-47

Routers, 4IigS

dovetailjigs,32sliding dovetails, 7, 8I

Raisingpanels,94Rushseats, 4-37Sewing esks,20Shaker oxes.See oxesShaker ulture, 0, 13-17Shaker tyle,6,16-17

See lsoArchitectureShop ips,55 ,113Sill cupboards,2lSlidingdovetailoints, 57

Candle tands, 7,78, 81-83Spinningwheels, 3Splint-seat ining chairs, 9Sprigg,une,10-llStep tools, 2, I7, 129

Gluingup,133-134Throughdovetailoints, 129,

130-133Stools

Footstools,22Step tools,22gluing up,133-134throughdovetailoints, 729,

130- 33Storypoles, 8

T-U-V-W-X-Y-ZThbles. 7

DropJeaftables, & 56,57 68drawers, 9,74-76

legs,69,72-73rails,69,70-73tops,76-77

Trestleables,18,57, 8feet,61,64,66legs,62-63, 5,66rails,63,66,67tops,58, 9-60,64,67

See lsoCandlestandsTablesaws, 6

Raisingpanels,95panel-raisingigs or the able

saw 96

Tapeseats,44-47Throughdovetailoints, I29, 1 0- 133Tin panels,7, 110-112Tin punches,llTools,16

Bandsawscircle-cutting igs,79

Pipesteamers, ackendpaper,0

Planers, 5Routers

dovetail igs,132slidingdovetailsigs,57,81

Storypoles, 8

Table aws, 6,95,96Tin punches, 11Trestleables,18, 7 58

Feet,61,64,66Legs,62-63, 65, 66Rar7s,63,6,67Tops,58, 9-60,64,67

Yarnish,front endp perWashstands,2lWells, reegift, 6Wilson, ohn,8-9,135Workbenches,2lWorkstands,20

Yarnreels,22Youngs,saacNewton,16,118



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Theeditorswish o thank he ollowing

SHAKERDESIGNfamesArchambeault, exington,KY; Elizabeth itzsimmons, ancockShaker illage,Pittsfield,MA;

PaulRocheleau, ichmond,MA; JuneSprigg,Pittsfield,MA

CHAIRSAdjustableClampCo., Chicago,L; AmericanTool Cos.,Lincoln, NE; Black& Decker/EluPowerTools,Towson,MD; ConnecticutCane& ReedCo.,Manchester,CT; Delta nternationalMachinery/Porter-

Cable,Guelph,Ont.;Mike Dunbar,Portsmouth, H; General oolsManufacturing o., nc.,New York, NY; HancockShakerVillage,Pittsfield,MA; Hitachi PowerToolsU.S.A.Ltd., Norcross,GA;

Ian Ingersoll,West Cornwall,CT; Jean-Pierre asse,Montreal,Que.;RyobiAmericaCorp.,Anderson,SC;SandvikSaws ndToolsCo.,Scranton,PA;Stanley ools,Division of the StanleyWorks,New Britain, CT

TABLESAdjustableClamp Co.,Chicago, L; Black& Decker/EluPowerTools,Towson,MD;

Delta nternationalMachinery/Porter-Cable, uelph,Ont.; GreatNeck SawMfrs. Inc.(BuckBros.Division), Millbury, MA; LesRealisations oeven-Morcel,Montreal,Que.;

RyobiAmericaCorp.,Anderson,SC;SandvikSaws nd Tools Co., Scranton,PA; StanleyTools,'Division of fhe StanleyWorks, New Britain, CT; Tool Trend Ltd., Concord,Ont.

PIE SAFEAdjustableClamp Co., Chicago,L; AmericanTool Cos.,Lincoln,NE; RobertBourdeau, aval,Que.;

Country Accents,Montouriville, PA; Delta nternationalMachinery/Porter-Cable, uelph,-Ont.;GreatNeckSawMfrs. nc. (BuckBros.Division),Millbury, MA; Jean-Pierre asse,Montreal,Que.;

Stanley ools,Division of the StanleyWorks,New Britain, CT; Tool Trend Ltd., Concord,Ont.;Wainbee td.,PointeClaire,Que./DE-STA-CO,roy,MI

SHAKERCLASSICSAdjustableClamp Co.,Chicago, L; Atelier d'EbdnisterieR6jeanGuerin Enr., St-Rdmi,Que.;

Delta nternationalMachinery/Porter-Cable, uelph,Ont.;GreatNeck SawMfrs. Inc. (BuckBros.Division), Millbury, MA; The Home Shop,Charlotte,MI; David Keller,Petaluma,CA; Murray Clock

Craft, Willowdale,Ont.; Sears, oebuck nd Co., Chicago,L; Tool TrendLtd.,Concord,Ont.

The ollowingpersons lsoassistedn thepreparation fthis book:Lorraine Dor6, Solange aberge,Genevidve onette,Tim Reiman,

David Simon.DianaVon Kolken

PICTURECREDITS

Cover RobertChartier6' 7 SteveLewis

8,9 Ed Homonylo10, l Steve ewis

12James rchambeault13 CourtesyHancockShakerVillage14,15James rchambeaultboth)

16 CourtesyHancockShakerVillage17 CourtesyHancockShakerVillage rop)

17James rchambeault boxom)19 PaulRocheleau hotography

20,23,39,4 CourtesyHancockShakerVillage



ASHOP-MADEIPE TEAMER

Usehe igshown elowo steam hairparts,uch sslats r ea regs. he co-nomicalnd urableood teamerl lus-

trated anbe ashionedron 2-by-4sand - inch-d iameterBS ioe nd t -

t ings. he eviceeaturesupportacksinsidehepipe nda removableap t

each nd oreasy ccess.he teamsourcesa water an onnectedo hesteamerya ength fplastic ose;hewatern hecan s heated ya propane-

f i red ooker.This etup houldnly eused utdoors,)he team ourcehouldhave removable,crew-typeap .

Tobui ld hesteamer,tartwitha

lengthfSchedule0ABS ipeongerthan hepiece fwood ouwish o bend.Cut t in half ndbore seriesfholes

throughoth ieceso accommodate-inch inc-coatedachineolts nd utsasshown.heseolts i l l uooortood

insidehe teamernd reventt romlyingncondensedater.The inc oat-ingwil lpreventheboltsrom tainingthewood.) r i l lheholes elowhe en-terline f hepipeo provideoomor hewood.nstal lhebolts, sing oth teel

WORKSHOPUIDE

and ubberwashersn boths ides o

make n a i r t i gh t ea l .N ow luebo th

halves f hepipe o an ABST-connector.Dr i l l %- inch ra in o le t oneend o

re lease o is ture ndprevent xcess

pressure.he n luea connectorip e ut

f rom1%- inch BSpipe o thespout f

theT connector . ext , u t a length f

plast ic osehatwrl lconnecthesteamer

to thewater an; he itt ings equiredor

th ewater anendareshown bove.(The i t t ingsor hesteamer ndof the

hose re dent ica l ,xcepthatanABS

endcap s used nstead f thewater an

T connector

cap.)Make urehe tt ingsre irt ight.Lastly,ui ld 2-by-4 ameo support

thesteamer.ai l smal l upportlockatone nd o hesteameri l l est nasl igh tnc l inendwater i l l un ut fthedrain ole.

Touse hesteamer,arefullyonnectth egas ookeroa propaneank. ill hewater an, ea lt igh t ly ,nd e t t onthecooker. ecurehe emovablendcaps n hesteamer,ight hecooker,

and et he teameru i ld osteam.(Caution:onot et hesteamerrsteamsource ecomeressurized.)

Kemovable

end cap

9chedule

8C AES.ptpe

F.anctabie

and ca,t:)

1TEAM ?OURCEF|TT\NG DETA|L)Machine nul,( i na i , . l e a f e a m

water can)

Tlasttc hose

to gteamer

Kubber aeket.

Fropane-fired

4ae cooker

ConnecLor

PiPE

2 x 4 frame

the art of woodworking shaker furniture

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