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The Asian High Speed Rail Experience
T.C. KaoVice President ‐ Engineering (retired) Taiwan HSR Corp.ProfessorNational Taiwan University Visiting ProfessorUniversity of Illinois atUrbana‐Champaign
National Taiwan University
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Four Asian HSR Countries
• Japan (1964)• South Korea (2005)• Taiwan (2007)• China (2008)
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Japanese Shinkanshen
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Japan - Shinkansen
• Commercial service: Tokaido Shinkansen ( New Trunk Line) October 1, 1964, 515 km route length
• First line was planned in 1930s• After the war, 1959 restart• Enclosed ‐dedicated line• Electrification• Distributed power EMU
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High Speed Rail Network
Total length = 2459 Km
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Some figures about operation(May 2008)
44 years in operation
4.9 billion passengers
up to 360,000/ passengers/ day(Tokyo‐ Osaka)
No Fatalities
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High Capacity - Max Yamabiko
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Shared operation
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Rail Culture
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Earthquake Experience
• Designed for earthquake and
• Derailed experience
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Evolution of Trackworks
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Evolution of HSR Civil Works
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Korean HSR Experience
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Route of the KHSR
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Evolution of KTX trainsKTX/ KTX II / HEMU 400
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KTX - Technical Transfer from TGV
Fleets : 46 Train‐sets– 12 sets Directly Imported from Alstom– 34 sets Manufactured in Korea using Technical Transferred from France .
– Equipment manufactured in Korea under license, 87% localization rate for the final set, remaining 13% : Pantograph, Traction Motor, Control Units, etc
Technical Transfer– 350,000 documents– 23,000 pages in operation and maintenance manuals– 1,000 Korean engineers trained in France– 400 French engineers worked in Korea
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Development of KTX II
HSR350-X Project
Participants- KRRI : Project Management and System Engineering
- Rotem : Rolling Stock Manufacturing
- 50 Sub-vendors, 18 Research Institutes, and 29 Universities
are Involved
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Development of HEMU - 400
EMU type, to replace Push‐Pull type
Max. Speed of 400km/h
Higher Transporting Capacity
Lighter Wheel Load (13 ton)
Higher Acceleration/Deceleration Rate
Target Year to Complete : 2013
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KRRI Facility
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Trackbed Lab.
Track Lab. Structures Lab.
Environ. Lab.
Integrated test system for railroad infrastructure Multi axial testing system
for track components
High speed wheel/rail contact simulator 6-DOF seismic table Universal
Testing Machine
Environmental clean room
Tri-axial testing system for railroad ballast
Geo-probe for contaminated trackbed
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Track & Civil Engineering Facilities
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Taiwan High Speed Rail Experience
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GDP of Taiwan (1970‐1997)
Per G
DP of Taiwan
(US Dollar)
Annu
al In
creasing
Rate
(%)
Year 22
Congestion of the Freeway
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94% of the population live on the west corridor
Population / m2
>150005000‐150003000‐50001000‐3000500‐1000300‐500100‐300<100
TAIPEI, Taoyuan
Taichung
Tainan, Kaohsiung
Hsinchu
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CarBus
TRARail
Airplane
Speed (Km/Hour)
High
Low
100 300 600
Capacity
Why does Taiwan need HSR?
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To enhance economic growth •High Capacity •Energy Conservation •Low Pollution•Land Use Efficiency
To open up more areasfor development
To relieve transport congestionalong the western coastal plain
CarBus
TRARail
AirplaneHSR
Speed (Km/Hour)
High
Low
100 300 600
Capacity
Why does Taiwan need HSR?
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CarBus Airplane
Speed (Km/Hour)
High
Low
100 300 600
Capacity
Why does Taiwan need HSR?
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"If the only tool you have is a hammer, you tend to see every problem as a nail.”
Abraham Maslow
High Speed Rail Route Plan
• The total length of the High Speed Rail is 345 km (214 mi.) from Taipei to Kaohsiung and passes through 14 cities and 77 towns.
• Stations to be constructed under the initial phase of the Project:
Taipei, Banciao, Taoyuan, Hsinchu, Taichung, Chaiyi, Tainan, Zuoying (for Kaohsiung)
• Stations planned for later phases of the project: Miaoli, Changhua, Yunlin, Nangang
• Main Workshop: Yanchao (near Kaohsiung)
• Stabling Yard : Sijhih, Wurih, Zuoying
• Infrastructure Maintenance Bases:
Sijhih, Lioujia, Wurih, Taibao, Zuoying
• Maintenance Center: ZuoyingN
HSR Wurih Depot
HSR Zuoying Depot
HSR Sijhih Depot
HSR Taibao Depot
HSR Zuoying Station
HSR Tainan Station
HSR Chiayi Station
HSR Yunlin Station
HSR Changhua Station
HSR Taichung Station
HSR Miaoli Station
HSR Hsinchu Station
HSR Taoyuan Station
HSR Taipei Station
HSR Nangang Station
HSR Banciao Station
HSR Lioujia Depot
HSR Yanchao Main Workshop
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Master Program
20042000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006
Testing & Commissioning
Core System•Procurement•Installation
Track Works•Design/Build
Depots•Design/Tender•Build
Stations•Design/Tender•Build
Civil Works•Design/Build
ITEM2000.04~2004.09
1999.11~2000.11 2002.08~2002.11
2001.06~2003.082003.08~2006.10
2002.06~2005.04
2001.03~2005.11
2005.01~2006.12
2003.09~2005.11
2000.04~2006.02
Copyright © 2006 Taiwan High Speed Rail Corporation. All Contents Confidential.
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Concession Period35 years
OperateBuild Transfer
Transfer assets to
government
THSRC BOT Scheme
Planning
Planning byGovernment10 Years
THSR is the largest Build‐Operate‐Transfer infrastructure project in the World 30
Business class
Standard class
T700 Trainset
• 12 coaches• 1 business ,11 standard class• 989 passenger seats
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Civil Works • Bridges and Viaducts
(73%)• Tunnels (18%)• Earthworks (9%)
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Trackworks Evolution
• Pre‐ 1997‐ 100% ballasted track• 1998‐ 50/50 % (source of granite aggregate, subsidence, settlement, embankment).
• 2002‐ 99% slab
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Track Structures
• J slab• Rheda 2000• Low Vibration Trackworks (LVT)• Embedded Track – Edilon• Ballasted track
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Mix-Use of Rheda and J-Slab
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Interfaces Between Different Track Structures
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Performance of High Speed Trains in Earthquake
• March 4 ,2011 M= 6.4 Kaohsiung Earthquake• 6 trains in operation• One train lost the pantograph• On train derailed
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New High Speed Rail Towns
N
Taoyuan :490 haHsinchu : 309 haTaichung : 272 haChiayi : 135 haTainan : 299 ha
Total : 1,505 ha
Taoyuan
Taoyuan
Hsinchu
HsinchuTaichung
Taichung
Chiayi
Chiayi
Tainan
Tainan
Hsinchu
Hsinchu
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The Big Bang -Chinese Experience
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China – Olympics HSR• China inaugurated its first HS line in
August 1, 2008.• In less than 3 years, China had
completed 7500 km HS line, the longest in the world.
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Most Ambitious Plan
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Fastest Train - CRH 380A
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How could this happen?
• Planned as early as 1990 • Two homemade high speed rail lines• Strong rail industry • 6 speed‐up incremental approach
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The Only Commercial Maglev Line
Courtesy of China Daily
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Thank you
、
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