the association cortex
DESCRIPTION
The Association Cortex. The Neocortex. The Association Cortices ( Brodmann’s Areas). s pace ,time, motion, planning, decision making, emotional reactivity, memory, recall, etc. . HOW DO WE KNOW THIS?????. Association Cortices Across Species. Basic Properties of the Association Cortex. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Association Cortex
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The Neocortex
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The Association Cortices (Brodmann’s Areas)
space ,time, motion, planning, decision making, emotional reactivity, memory,recall, etc.
HOW DO WE KNOW THIS?????
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Association Cortices Across Species
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Basic Properties of the Association Cortex
• At least 1 primary source of INPUT and OUTPUT from other cortical or sub-cortical brain areas
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Thalamus: Gateway of Neural Information
• If you recall….– vision (hearing) made possible through the
travel of neuronal information from the retina (cochlea) to the occipital (temporal) cortex via lateral (medial) geniculate leaflet
• Pulvinar Nucleus: Parietal Assocation Cortex
• Lateral Posterior: Temporal Association Cortex
• Medial Dorsal: Frontal Association Cortex
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Basic Properties of the Association Cortex
• Connections to and from the association cortex on vertical (columnar) and horizontal (lateral) axes
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Spatial Representation of Vertical Inputs to Association Cortex
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Basic Properties of Association Cortex
• Cells with similar functions aligned radially (for the most part)
• Any functionally similar cell groups that are aligned horizontally are done so through interneurons
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Basic Properties of Association Cortex
• Contralateral information travels via the corpus callosum or anterior commissure
Disruption: Dyslexia
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Damage to Association Cortices
• Frontal• Parietal• Temporal• Lesions and Ischemic Damage
to these cortices result in neglect or agnosias– Difference: Neglect= “Don’t See
It” vs. Agnosia= “See it, but Don’t Know It”
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Frontal Damage• Historical case study of Phineas Gage
(1800s) and his new polarizing personality
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Deficits of Attention, Decision Making, and Gratification
• Anterior cingulate cortex• Neuropathology ofADD, for example
• Patients perform poorlyon Stroop Test
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Deficits of Attention, Decision Making, and Gratification
• Orbitofrontal Cortex• Neuropathology ofOCD and antisocialpersonality disorder, for example
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Deficits in Planning
• Dorsolateral Prefrontal
• Delayed Response Task is a measure of planning deficiency
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Delayed Response Task in Monkeys
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Parietal Damage• Contralateral Neglect Syndrome (Visuospatial
Deficit of “Not Seeing”)
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Primarily due to damage of right parietal association cortex
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Temporal Damage• Agnosias (“Seeing, but Not Knowing”)• Great leisurely, science reading on thesesyndromes by Oliver Sacks
-The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat - The Island of the Colorblind
– Prosopagnosia– Appreceptive – Akinestopsia– Achromatopisa (*hereditary)
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Prosopagnosia• The inability to differentiate and remember faces
due to damage of the inferior temporal lobe
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Appreceptive Agnosia• An inability to differentiate and remember objects due to damage of the posterior right hemisphere
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Akinestopsia• An inability to differentiate motion due to damage of the medial temporal cortex (“A LifeIn Still Frames”)
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Achromatopsia• An inability to differentiate between colors(“A Life in Black and White”) due to a hereditarydeficit resulting in improper brain development
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Deep Brain Stimulation• A brain pacemaker• Novel treatment strategyfor Parkinson’s and associative disorders likeOCD, ADD, and depression