the atmosphere - university of california, san...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: THE ATMOSPHERE - University of California, San Diegometeora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/es20/slides/slides010713.pdf · · 2013-01-07THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis ... Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051723/5aacf7257f8b9a2b4c8dd70a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SIO 20 THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis Scripps Institution of Oceanography Nierenberg Hall 204 phone: 534-3126 email: [email protected] TAs: Nicholas Cavanaugh ([email protected]) Kaushik Srinivasan ([email protected])
SIO 20 Website: http://meteora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/sio20
![Page 2: THE ATMOSPHERE - University of California, San Diegometeora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/es20/slides/slides010713.pdf · · 2013-01-07THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis ... Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051723/5aacf7257f8b9a2b4c8dd70a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
COURSE WEBPAGE http://meteora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/sio20/ (case sensitive) Contains:
- office hours - email - syllabus - problem sets and answers - practice midterms - slides from lecture
SIO 20 Website: http://meteora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/sio20
![Page 3: THE ATMOSPHERE - University of California, San Diegometeora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/es20/slides/slides010713.pdf · · 2013-01-07THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis ... Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051723/5aacf7257f8b9a2b4c8dd70a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Sam’s Office Hours: - M 4-5, Tu 3-4 - and by appointment
Office at SIO
- Nierenberg Hall, Room 204 - phone 858-534-3126 (x43126)
Email: [email protected]
- Include SIO20 or similar in subject line
SIO 20 Website: http://meteora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/sio20
![Page 4: THE ATMOSPHERE - University of California, San Diegometeora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/es20/slides/slides010713.pdf · · 2013-01-07THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis ... Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051723/5aacf7257f8b9a2b4c8dd70a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
COURSE TEXT: Essentials of Meteorology (6th Edition) by C. Donald Ahrens Available at:
- UCSD Bookstore - Online from Publisher?
SIO 20 Website: http://meteora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/sio20
![Page 5: THE ATMOSPHERE - University of California, San Diegometeora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/es20/slides/slides010713.pdf · · 2013-01-07THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis ... Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051723/5aacf7257f8b9a2b4c8dd70a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
iClicker: We will use iClickers in this course Available at:
- UCSD Bookstore (either iClicker1 or iClicker2) WHY?
- increase participation - increase learning - allows us to see if material is understood
Will ONLY be graded on participation and NOT on answers provided on clickers. Will get full credit if participate 75% (or more) of the lectures.
SIO 20 Website: http://meteora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/sio20
![Page 6: THE ATMOSPHERE - University of California, San Diegometeora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/es20/slides/slides010713.pdf · · 2013-01-07THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis ... Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051723/5aacf7257f8b9a2b4c8dd70a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Register your i-clicker at: www.iclicker.com/registration The 8-character Remote ID is on the back of the clicker:
SIO 20 Website: http://meteora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/sio20
![Page 7: THE ATMOSPHERE - University of California, San Diegometeora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/es20/slides/slides010713.pdf · · 2013-01-07THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis ... Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051723/5aacf7257f8b9a2b4c8dd70a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
SIO 20 Website: http://meteora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/sio20
Scripps Institution of Oceanography SIO 20: The Atmosphere
Course Syllabus – Winter 2013
Day Date Topic Reading Mon Jan 7 Course Introduction Wed Jan 9 Atmosphere Composition and Structure Chap 1, pg 2-17 Fri Jan 11 Atmospheric Energy Chap 2, pg 26-46 Mon Jan 14 Seasonal and Daily Cycles Chap 2, pg 46-54 Wed Jan 16 Seasonal and Daily Cycles, continued Chap 3, pg 56-71 Fri Jan 18 Atmospheric Moisture Chap 4, pg 82-91 Mon Jan 21 HOLIDAY - KING DAY Wed Jan 23 Atmospheric Moisture, continued Chap 4, pg 96-97 Fri Jan 25 Condensation, Fog and Cloud Types Chap 4, pg 97-113 Mon Jan 28 Stability and Cloud Development Chap 5, pg 116-123 Wed Jan 30 Stability, continued Chap 5, pg 124-127 Fri Feb 1 Precipitation Chap 5, pg 128-143 Mon Feb 4 Atmospheric Optics Chap 15, pg 432-442; 447-449 Wed Feb 6 MIDTERM #1 Fri Feb 8 Pressure, Forces and Wind Chap 6, pg 148-158 Mon Feb 11 Pressure, Forces and Wind, continued Chap 6, pg 158-169 Wed Feb 13 Small-scale Wind Systems Chap 7, pg 176-192 Fri Feb 15 Small-scale Wind Systems, continued Mon Feb 18 HOLIDAY - PRESIDENT'S DAY Wed Feb 20 Global Wind Systems Chap 7, pg 193-204 Fri Feb 22 Global Wind Systems, continued Mon Feb 25 El Nino/La Nina Chap 7, pg 204-207 Wed Feb 27 El Nino/La Nina, continued Fri Mar 1 MIDTERM #2 Mon Mar 4 Thunderstorms/Tornadoes Chap 10, pg 272-306 Wed Mar 6 Hurricanes Chap 11, pg 312-330 Fri Mar 8 Climate Change Chap 13, pg 372-388 Mon Mar 11 Climate Change, continued Chap 13, pg 388-401 Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution Chap 14, pg 404-423 Fri Mar 15 Other Topics and/or Review Problem Set 1 Due: Wednesday, January 23 Problem Set 2 Due: Friday, February 1 Problem Set 3 Due: Friday, February 22 Problem Set 4 Due: Friday, March 8 FINAL EXAM Monday, March 18 2012, 3:00 - 6:00pm TEXT: Essentials of Meteorology, 6th Edition, by C. Donald Ahrens Course Details on Web site: http://meteora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/sio20/
![Page 8: THE ATMOSPHERE - University of California, San Diegometeora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/es20/slides/slides010713.pdf · · 2013-01-07THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis ... Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051723/5aacf7257f8b9a2b4c8dd70a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
GRADING Class Participation with Clicker 10%
Problem Sets/Homework (4) 15%
Midterm Exam 1 20%
Midterm Exam 2 20%
Final Exam 35% Course grades assigned:
A ~ Top 30% of class or total score above 85% B ~ Next 40% of class or total score 70-85%
C ~ Next 25-30% of class or total score 55-70% NP ~ 0 - 5%
SIO 20 Website: http://meteora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/sio20
![Page 9: THE ATMOSPHERE - University of California, San Diegometeora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/es20/slides/slides010713.pdf · · 2013-01-07THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis ... Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051723/5aacf7257f8b9a2b4c8dd70a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
PROBLEM SETS/HOMEWORK • Total of 4 assignments (each worth ~ 4% of grade). • Each assignment will consist of about 5-7 questions. • Each question can generally be answered in 1-2 paragraphs. • A few questions where you will be asked to produce a plot. • Please type your answers (hand-drawn plots and figures OK). Assignment 1 Due: Wed. Jan 23 Assignment 2 Fri. Feb 1 Assignment 3 Fri. Feb 22 Assignment 4 Fri. Mar 8 NO POINTS FOR LATE HOMEWORK! Feel free to work together, but.... WRITE OUT YOUR OWN ANSWERS!
SIO 20 Website: http://meteora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/sio20
![Page 10: THE ATMOSPHERE - University of California, San Diegometeora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/es20/slides/slides010713.pdf · · 2013-01-07THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis ... Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051723/5aacf7257f8b9a2b4c8dd70a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
MIDTERMS AND FINAL
• Multiple choice and short answer format • I’ll try and post practice exam on website
MIDTERM 1 Wednesday, February 6 MIDTERM 2 Friday, March 1 FINAL Monday, March 18 (3-6pm)
Let us know ASAP if you have a conflict!
SIO 20 Website: http://meteora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/sio20
![Page 11: THE ATMOSPHERE - University of California, San Diegometeora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/es20/slides/slides010713.pdf · · 2013-01-07THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis ... Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051723/5aacf7257f8b9a2b4c8dd70a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
REVIEW SESSIONS:
• 3 Review Sessions planned - Date/Time TBA (usually early evening) - a few days before exams • Optional – attendance is not taken
• TA’s will run sessions
• Open to questions - material covered on homework and exams - material from class
SIO 20 Website: http://meteora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/sio20
![Page 12: THE ATMOSPHERE - University of California, San Diegometeora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/es20/slides/slides010713.pdf · · 2013-01-07THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis ... Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051723/5aacf7257f8b9a2b4c8dd70a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
ABOUT THE COURSE... • Very little math is needed • Concepts are emphasized instead of details
- some details necessary, but will try to minimize these • Lectures are mostly from the chalkboard to facilitate note taking
- some Powerpoint necessary for graphics • Should be easy to get a passing grade
- keep up and turn in problem assignments
SIO 20 Website: http://meteora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/sio20
![Page 13: THE ATMOSPHERE - University of California, San Diegometeora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/es20/slides/slides010713.pdf · · 2013-01-07THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis ... Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051723/5aacf7257f8b9a2b4c8dd70a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
ABOUT THE COURSE... • First 3-4 weeks go over background material
- perhaps not the most exciting part of the course
- but necessary to understand material later in course • Rules
- free to do what you want during lecture as long as you do not disturb others
- write up your own answers for homework
- do not use a clicker for someone else
- and obviously, no cheating on exams
SIO 20 Website: http://meteora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/sio20
![Page 14: THE ATMOSPHERE - University of California, San Diegometeora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/es20/slides/slides010713.pdf · · 2013-01-07THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis ... Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051723/5aacf7257f8b9a2b4c8dd70a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Rule Violator
SIO 20 Website: http://meteora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/sio20
![Page 15: THE ATMOSPHERE - University of California, San Diegometeora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/es20/slides/slides010713.pdf · · 2013-01-07THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis ... Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051723/5aacf7257f8b9a2b4c8dd70a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Visible Satellite Image Today at 9:00am
![Page 16: THE ATMOSPHERE - University of California, San Diegometeora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/es20/slides/slides010713.pdf · · 2013-01-07THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis ... Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051723/5aacf7257f8b9a2b4c8dd70a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Infrared (IR) Satellite Image Today at 9:00am
![Page 17: THE ATMOSPHERE - University of California, San Diegometeora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/es20/slides/slides010713.pdf · · 2013-01-07THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis ... Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051723/5aacf7257f8b9a2b4c8dd70a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Visible Satellite Image Today at 9:45am
![Page 18: THE ATMOSPHERE - University of California, San Diegometeora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/es20/slides/slides010713.pdf · · 2013-01-07THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis ... Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051723/5aacf7257f8b9a2b4c8dd70a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
MATH IN COURSE
E = σ T4 Radiated Energy = constant x Temperature to 4th power
λmax = c / T Wavelength of maximum emission = constant divided by Temperature
You will not need to calculate E or λmax, but you will need to know
how changes in Temperature (T) affect E or λmax
![Page 19: THE ATMOSPHERE - University of California, San Diegometeora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/es20/slides/slides010713.pdf · · 2013-01-07THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis ... Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051723/5aacf7257f8b9a2b4c8dd70a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Climate System
Atmosphere is just one component of Earth’s climate system
![Page 20: THE ATMOSPHERE - University of California, San Diegometeora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/es20/slides/slides010713.pdf · · 2013-01-07THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis ... Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051723/5aacf7257f8b9a2b4c8dd70a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Many climate system processes operate on time scales considered slow by most people One example are clouds Time-lapse photography in Yosemite: http://shawnreeder.net/blog.php?bid=219 Yosemite Range of Light, by Shawn Reeder (shawnreeder.net)
![Page 21: THE ATMOSPHERE - University of California, San Diegometeora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/es20/slides/slides010713.pdf · · 2013-01-07THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis ... Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051723/5aacf7257f8b9a2b4c8dd70a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: THE ATMOSPHERE - University of California, San Diegometeora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/es20/slides/slides010713.pdf · · 2013-01-07THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis ... Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051723/5aacf7257f8b9a2b4c8dd70a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: THE ATMOSPHERE - University of California, San Diegometeora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/es20/slides/slides010713.pdf · · 2013-01-07THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis ... Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051723/5aacf7257f8b9a2b4c8dd70a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: THE ATMOSPHERE - University of California, San Diegometeora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/es20/slides/slides010713.pdf · · 2013-01-07THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis ... Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051723/5aacf7257f8b9a2b4c8dd70a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
What is the Atmosphere??!
![Page 25: THE ATMOSPHERE - University of California, San Diegometeora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/es20/slides/slides010713.pdf · · 2013-01-07THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis ... Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051723/5aacf7257f8b9a2b4c8dd70a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Atmosphere:!!
Thin gaseous envelope !surrounding the Earth!
![Page 26: THE ATMOSPHERE - University of California, San Diegometeora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/es20/slides/slides010713.pdf · · 2013-01-07THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis ... Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051723/5aacf7257f8b9a2b4c8dd70a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Photo taken from International Space Station (NASA)
Atmosphere: Thin gaseous envelop surrounding Earth
![Page 27: THE ATMOSPHERE - University of California, San Diegometeora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/es20/slides/slides010713.pdf · · 2013-01-07THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis ... Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051723/5aacf7257f8b9a2b4c8dd70a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
What is in the Atmosphere??!!!A mix of gases (= Air)!!For Dry Air (exclude water vapor):!!
!78% is Nitrogen (N2)!!21% is Oxygen (O2)!!+ other minor gases!
!!0.0390% is Carbon Dioxide (CO2)!!= 390 ppm (parts per million)!
!Amount of water vapor varies!
!0 - 4% of Total Air !!!
!!!
Current Concentration
![Page 28: THE ATMOSPHERE - University of California, San Diegometeora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/es20/slides/slides010713.pdf · · 2013-01-07THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis ... Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051723/5aacf7257f8b9a2b4c8dd70a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Carbon Dioxide Concentration is Increasing
"Keeling Curve" after Scripps Prof. Charles David Keeling Continuous CO2 measurements at Mauna Loa, HI (clean air)
![Page 29: THE ATMOSPHERE - University of California, San Diegometeora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/es20/slides/slides010713.pdf · · 2013-01-07THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis ... Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051723/5aacf7257f8b9a2b4c8dd70a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Water in the Atmosphere Water can exist in the atmosphere as: • solid (ice) • liquid (liquid water) • gas (water vapor) Known as the 3 phases of water • Clouds consist of liquid water and/or ice • Humidity refers to the amount of water vapor (gas)
=> water vapor is invisible!
![Page 30: THE ATMOSPHERE - University of California, San Diegometeora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/es20/slides/slides010713.pdf · · 2013-01-07THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis ... Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051723/5aacf7257f8b9a2b4c8dd70a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Clouds consist of LIQUID water drops and/or ICE crystals Water vapor is also present, but invisible to human eye. When we see a cloud we are seeing light reflected from the water drops and/or ice crystals.
![Page 31: THE ATMOSPHERE - University of California, San Diegometeora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/es20/slides/slides010713.pdf · · 2013-01-07THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis ... Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051723/5aacf7257f8b9a2b4c8dd70a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Water in the Atmosphere Energy is released to (or absorbed from) the environment when water changes phase
LIQUID WATER ICE WATER
VAPOR
ENERGY RELEASED TO
ENVIRONMENT
ENERGY RELEASED TO
ENVIRONMENT
![Page 32: THE ATMOSPHERE - University of California, San Diegometeora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/es20/slides/slides010713.pdf · · 2013-01-07THE ATMOSPHERE Sam Iacobellis ... Wed Mar 13 Air Pollution](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051723/5aacf7257f8b9a2b4c8dd70a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Water in the Atmosphere Energy is released to (or absorbed from) the environment when water changes phase
LIQUID WATER ICE WATER
VAPOR
ENERGY ABSORBED FROM
ENVIRONMENT
ENERGY ABSORBED FROM
ENVIRONMENT