the atom - atoms react or not depending on its electron structure. - all atoms desire to have a full...
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The Atom - Atoms react or not depending on its electron structure.
- All atoms desire to have a full outer electron shell.
- Metals will lose e- and nonmetals will gain e-.
- Ions combine to form compounds.
- Like charges repel, same attract.
- When elements combine in a chemical reaction to form a new compound ~ all have filled outer electron shells.
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Sodium atom (Na) Chlorine atom (Cl)
Sodium ion (Na+) Chlorine ion (Cl-)
+ -
Sodium ChlorideNaCl
(ionic bond)
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CLASSIFYING MATTER
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KEY WORDS
Pure Mixture CompoundMolecule Heterogeneous HomogeneousDiatomic Chemical formula Subscript
• Describe the difference between element and compound, and atom and molecule.
• Understand the various descriptions of matter.
• Understand the information in a chemical formula.
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Matter: Anything that has mass and takes up space, or
volume.
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Pure substanceThe particles that make up a substance are all the same kind.
Mixture Substance contains more than one kind of particle.
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ElementsThe simplest form of a material; an atom is the smallest particle of an element.
CompoundsThe simplest form of any material containing two or more elements chemically bonded together.
A molecule is the smallest particle of a compound.
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Element:Silver– all atoms are pure silver.
Possible to have a molecule of the same atoms:
Oxygen gas – O2 Hydrogen gas – H2
Molecules like this are diatomic – “two atoms.”
Compound:Salt – all molecules are pure sodium chloride.
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Heterogeneous mixture· Particles are not evenly distributed.· Individual particles can be found.
Sand and waterPizza
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Homogeneous mixture· Particles of are evenly distributed – “solution”· Cannot easily separate different parts.
Salt and waterCoke
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• All matter is either pure or a mixture.
• Pure matter - elements (atoms) or compounds (molecules).
• Mixtures - homogenous (joined) or heterogeneous (separate).
• Homogenous mixtures are called “solutions”