the atom1788
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TRANSCRIPT
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Vocabulary
• ATOM-An atom is the smallest unit that maintains the characteristics of an element– Nucleus- The center of the atom, contains protons
and neutrons– Electron Cloud –Region surrounding the nucleus
containing the electrons
• ELEMENT- A chemical substance that is composed of atoms with the same number of protons in the nucleus
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The Atom
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The Atom
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NucleusProtons
Neutrons
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The NucleusProton-A positively charged sub-atomic particle
(+). Atomic Mass=1 amuThe number of protons is the same as the
atomic number
Li3
7 The atomic massThe atomic mass
The Atomic Symbol
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The Nucleus
Neutrons –A sub-atomic particle in the nucleus--Has a mass equal to 1 atomic mass unit
--Neutron do not have a charge (0)To calculate the number of neutrons in an element…
Li3
7
The atomic number
The atomic massThe atomic mass
The atomic mass-The atomic number The number of neutrons
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The Atom
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The Electron Cloud
• Electrons-• The number of electrons equals the number of protons• Sub-atomic particle with a negative charge (-)• Mass of an electron is negligible• Electrons behave as if in a 3-D orbit
• Valence Electrons– The outer most electrons– Valence electrons are responsible for bonding
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Periodic Table
• Groups- Arranged by the number of valence electrons
Each group has similar bonding properties• Periods-Arranged by increasing atomic weight
Periods have the same number of shells
Example: Group 1…1 valence electronGroup 2…2 valence electronsGroup 3…3 valence electrons
Example: Period 1…1 valence shellPeriod 2…2 valence shellsPeriod 3…3 valence shells
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Periodic Table
Periods go across on the periodic table
Periods have the same number of “shells”
1234567
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Periodic TableGroups go down on the periodic table
Elements in the same group, have the same number of valence electrons
1 23 4 5 6 87
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Let’s look at a few elements…
Hydrogen 1= Proton 1= electron
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Let’s look at a few elements…
Helium 2=protons 2=neutrons2=electrons
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Let’s look at a few elements…
Lithium 3=protons 4=neutrons3=electrons
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Let’s look at a few elements…
Fluorine9=protons 10=neutrons
9=electrons
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Let’s look at a few elements…
Argon18=protons 22=neutrons
18=electrons