the automobile benz ford first gasoline- driven auto
TRANSCRIPT
The AutomobileThe Automobile
Benz
Ford First gasoline-
driven auto
Internal Combustion EngineInternal Combustion Engine
19031903 First successful First successful
powered airplane powered airplane flight (12 seconds)flight (12 seconds)
aerodynamicsaerodynamics
Wright Brothers
CommunicationsCommunications Marconi’s radioMarconi’s radio
• WirelessWireless• Electromagnetic wavesElectromagnetic waves• Ship to shipShip to ship• Ship to shoreShip to shore
Bell’s telephoneBell’s telephone
The Industrial AgeThe Industrial Age
The Industrial Revolution’s effects The Industrial Revolution’s effects on science, communication, on science, communication,
transportation, medicine, transportation, medicine, education, culture, and the arts.education, culture, and the arts.
ElectricityElectricity
Michael FaradayMichael Faraday Developed the Developed the
dynamo—electric dynamo—electric generatorgenerator
Powered by steam Powered by steam engineengine
Used to power Used to power machinesmachines
Advances in TechnologyAdvances in Technology
Incandescent Incandescent light bulb light bulb • 18791879• (lasted 2 days)(lasted 2 days)
PhonographPhonograph KinetoscopeKinetoscope Menlo Park LabMenlo Park Lab 1000 patents1000 patents
Thomas Edison
Cell Theory—basic unit of Cell Theory—basic unit of lifelife
Every new cell must come from some older cell. Only living matter can produce
new living matter.
Rudolf Virchow
Lamarck’s EvolutionLamarck’s EvolutionLiving things
changed their form
due to their environment
DarwinDarwin
Tree of life—all things originate from one common ancestor—humans evolved from animals.
Survival of the Fittest=Natural Selection
Effects of DarwinismEffects of Darwinism Separated science and religionSeparated science and religion Social Darwinism--natural selection applied to Social Darwinism--natural selection applied to
societysociety Used as an argument for the “necessity” of Used as an argument for the “necessity” of
povertypoverty RacismRacism GenocideGenocide EugenicsEugenics Imperialism/ColonialismImperialism/Colonialism
Holocaust
Fight Against DiseaseFight Against DiseasePasteurization=
heating liquids to prevent bacteria and
fermentation
Anesthesia
& Antiseptics
Louis Pasteur
Anthrax and
rabies vaccines
Other medical developments:Other medical developments: Edward JennerEdward Jenner
• Smallpox vaccineSmallpox vaccine• 17961796
Robert KochRobert Koch• Discovers germs that Discovers germs that
cause tuberculosis & cause tuberculosis & Asiatic choleraAsiatic cholera
• 18821882 Aspirin & Sulfa drugsAspirin & Sulfa drugs Alexander FlemingAlexander Fleming
• PenicillinPenicillin• 19281928
Atomic TheoryAtomic Theory
Mendeleyev’s classification of elements.
Radioactivity and X-raysRadioactivity and X-rays
Wilhelm Rontgen:
X-ray
Curies:
Radioactivity
Quantum TheoryQuantum Theory
Max PlanckMax Planck• 19001900• Energy could be Energy could be
released only in released only in definite definite “packages”, or “packages”, or quantaquanta
Einstein & RelativityEinstein & Relativity
Energy=mass multiplied by the speed of light squared
Means that a small amount of mass can become a great amount of energy
Freud & PsychiatryFreud & Psychiatry Unconscious Unconscious
determines behaviordetermines behavior Hypnotized patientsHypnotized patients ““couch therapy”couch therapy” Wanted to eliminate Wanted to eliminate
guiltguilt Thought religion was Thought religion was
a mental illness. a mental illness. Believed all forms of Believed all forms of
love were sexual in love were sexual in nature.nature.
FreudFreud
“ “Religion is an illusion Religion is an illusion and it derives its strength and it derives its strength from the fact that it falls in from the fact that it falls in with our instinctual desires.” with our instinctual desires.”
What would be the results if one What would be the results if one eliminated guilt?eliminated guilt?
Effects of FreudEffects of Freud
Sexual Sexual RevolutionRevolution
Bad habits Bad habits are defined are defined as diseasesas diseases
One is not One is not responsible responsible for poor for poor behaviorbehavior
Loss of faithLoss of faith
EmigrationEmigration• Move to industrialized Move to industrialized
cities for jobscities for jobs• Travel was easier and Travel was easier and
safersafer• Oppression (Armenian Oppression (Armenian
genocide by Muslims)genocide by Muslims)• Discrimination (Jews & Discrimination (Jews &
SlavsSlavs• Economic hardship Economic hardship
(Irish Potato Famine)(Irish Potato Famine)• Settle territories Settle territories
Shift to CitiesShift to Cities
Cities are forced to deal with crowed streets, sanitation issues, garbage, crime, etc.
Move to the SuburbsMove to the SuburbsPublic transportation, (like trolleys and trains) and automobiles make it possible.
SanitationSanitationSewer systems and flushing toilets.
Diet and RefrigerationDiet and Refrigeration
Children with rickets (caused by a vitamin D deficiency).
The first electric refrigerators.
Public EducationPublic Education
• UniversalUniversal• CompulsoryCompulsory• Need for Need for
literate literate workersworkers
Women’s EducationWomen’s Education
• Women’s education Women’s education movement is linked to the movement is linked to the women’s suffrage (vote) women’s suffrage (vote) movement.movement.
Emily Davies: women’s education
advocate & suffragette.
LeisureLeisure
theatre baseball
Public Parks
basketball
Romanticism Romanticism
• SentimentalSentimental• Appealed to the Appealed to the
imaginationimagination• Idealized nature Idealized nature
& the past& the past• Emphasized Emphasized
emotion & emotion & instinctinstinct
• Glorified the Glorified the past, especially past, especially the Middle Agesthe Middle Ages
Literature
MusicMusic
ArtArt
Gothic RevivalGothic Revival
Photography Saved YellowstonePhotography Saved Yellowstone
War Correspondent Matthew BradyWar Correspondent Matthew Brady
Capturing Capturing PovertyPoverty
RealismRealism
• Artists dealt with Artists dealt with realityreality
• Detailed ordinary Detailed ordinary lifelife
• Social and Social and economic themeseconomic themes
RegionalismRegionalism
Mark Twain
Everyday life in a certain region.
NaturalistsNaturalists Focused on the ugly sordid parts of life.
ImpressionistsImpressionists Tried to give vivid impressions of people and places, paying close attention to light and color.
Monet & Renoir
““Art for art’s sake”Art for art’s sake” Did not require art to have purpose or even meaning. Art becomes more “abstract”.