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Page 1: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction
Page 2: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________?

a.Perceptionb.Transductionc.Sensationd.Absolute threshold

Page 3: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

C. Sensation – the simple awareness due to the stimulation of a sense organ

Perception – the organization, identification, and interpretation of a sensation in order to form a mental representation

Transduction – what takes place when many sensors in the body convert physical signals from the environment into neural signals sent to the central nervous system

Absolute threshold – the minimal intensity needed to just barely detect a stimulus

Page 4: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

Parents distinguishing the smell of their own children from other people’s children is due to detection of __________?a.Pheromonesb.Chemicalsc.Body odord.All of the above

Page 5: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

A. Pheromones – biochemical odorants emitted by other members of their species that can affect the animal’s behavior or physiology

Page 6: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

The dorsal stream allows us to perceive spatial relations, while the ventral stream includes brain areas that represent an object’s shape and identity.

A.TrueB.False

Page 7: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

A. True

Page 8: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

What type of object recognition theory states that objects you have seen before are stored in your memory as a TEMPLATE?

A.parts-based B.Gestalt parts-basedC.Monocular-basedD.Image-based

Page 9: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

D. Image based – an object is stored in memory as a template, a mental representation that can be directly compared to a viewed shape in the retinal image

Parts-based – the brain deconstructs viewed objects into a collection of parts

Page 10: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

Haptic perception results from our _________ exploration of the environment by touching and grasping objects with our ________.

a.Passive; handsb.Active; handsc.Passive; mindd.Active; brain

Page 11: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

B. active; hands

Page 12: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

Some children are born with a disorder known as congenital insensitivity to pain, which causes them to not have pain sensations.

A.TrueB.False

Page 13: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

A. True – this disorder often mutilate themselves (biting their tongues, gouging skin when scratching); children with this are at an increased risk of dying during childhood

Page 14: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

In order, the three stages of memory are:

a.Encoding, storage, retrievalb.Retrieval, storage, encodingc.Encoding, retrieval, storaged.Storage, encoding, retrieval

Page 15: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

A. Encoding, storage, retrieval – encoding is the process by which we transform what we perceive, think, or feel into an enduring memory; storage is the process of maintaining information in memory over time; retrieval is the process of brining to mind information that has been previously encoded and stored

Page 16: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

Long-term retention is greatly enhanced by __________.

a.Visual imagery encodingb.Organization encodingc.Elaborative encodingd.None of the above

Page 17: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

C. Elaborative encoding – actively relating new information to knowledge that is already in memory

Page 18: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

__________ is the process of keeping information in short term memory by mentally repeating it, while _________ involved combining small pieces of information into large clusters.

a.Practice; chunkingb.Repetition; chunkingc.Practice; rehearsald.Rehearsal; chunking

Page 19: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

D. Rehearsal; chunking

Page 20: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

The inability to transfer new information from the short-term memory into the long-term memory store is known as retrograde amnesia.

a.Trueb.False

Page 21: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

B. False – retrograde amnesia is the inability to retrieve information that was acquired before a particular date, usually the date of an injury or operation; anterograde amnesia is the inability to transfer new information from short-term store into the long-term store

Page 22: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

If you start talking about a party that you attended last year with a group of your best friends you are exhibiting explicit memory.

A.TrueB.False

Page 23: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

A. True – explicit memory occurs when people consciously or intentionally retrieve past experiences; implicit memory occurs when past experiences influence later behavior and performance, even though people are not trying to recollect them and are not aware that they are remembering them

Page 24: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

If I am now 21 and I forget the color of the dress I wore on my 6th birthday I am experiencing which of the seven sins of memory?

A.BlockingB.TransienceC.Memory misattributionD.Absent-mindedness

Page 25: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

B. Transience – forgetting what occurs with the passage of time; blocking – a failure to retrieve information that is available in memory even though you are trying to produce it; memory misattribution – assigning a recollection or an idea to the wrong source; absent-mindedness – a lapse in attention that results in memory failure.

Page 26: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

Which of the following is not considered one of “The Seven Sins of Memory?”

A.) Transience

B.) Memory misattribution

C.) Perceptibility

D.) Blocking

Page 27: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

Correct Answer: C. Perceptibility is not one of “The Seven Sins of Memory.”

Page 28: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

The intrusive recollection of events that we wish we could forget is known as ________.

A.) Persistence

B.) Transience

C.) Memory misattribution

D.) Tip-of-the-tongue experience

Page 29: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

Correct Answer: A.) Persistence is the intrusive recollection of events that we wish we could forget.

Frequently occurs after disturbing or traumatic incidents because emotional experiences generally lead to more vivid and enduring recollections than non-emotional experiences do.

Page 30: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

Theresa, a rape victim, recounts her story for the police department and recalls that there was another man accompanying her rapist. After further investigation it was found that there was no accomplice in the case. What memory sin did Theresa commit?

A.) Persistence

B.) Transience

C.) Memory misattribution

D.) Tip-of-the-tongue experience

Page 31: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

Correct Answer: C.) Memory misattribution: assigning a recollection or an idea to the wrong source.

Page 32: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

________ is based on experience, produces change in the organism, and these changes are relatively permanent.

A.) Habituation

B.) Learning

C.) Growing

D.) Sensory Awareness

Page 33: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

Correct answer: B.) Learning.

Learning is some experience that results in a relatively permanent change in the state of the learner.

Page 34: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

An _______ _______ is something that reliably produces a naturally occurring reaction in an organism: An _______ _______ is a stimulus that is initially neutral and produces no reliable response in an organism.

A.) Conditioned Response; Conditioned Stimulus

B.) Conditioned Stimulus; Unconditioned Stimulus

C.) Unconditioned Response; Unconditioned Stimulus

D.) Unconditioned Stimulus; Conditioned Stimulus

Page 35: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

Correct Answer: D.) Unconditioned stimulus; conditioned stimulus.

Page 36: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

If you smell a lemon, it might get a sour taste in your mouth and you may salivate. This may occur from the time you are born and can occur without you ever having tasted a lemon before. The salivation and sour taste would be _________ _______.

A.) Unconditioned Responses

B.) Conditioned Responses

C.) Unconditioned Stimuli

D.) Conditioned Stimuli

Page 37: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

Correct Answer: A.) Unconditioned Responses; A reflexive reaction that is reliably elicited by an unconditioned stimulus.

Page 38: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

_________ _________ is when a neutral stimulus evokes a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally evokes a response.

A.) Classical Conditioning

B.) Variable Interval Schedule

C.) Fixed Interval Schedule

D.) Operant Conditioning

Page 39: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

Correct Answer: A.) Classical Conditioning

Page 40: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

The gradual elimination of a learned response is known as:

A.) Acquisition

B.) Generalization

C.) Extinction

D.) Discrimination

Page 41: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

Correct answer: C.) Extinction.

Page 42: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

A type of learning in which the consequences of an organism’s behavior determine whether it will be repeated in the future is known as:

A.) Classical ConditioningB.) Variable Interval ScheduleC.) Fixed Interval ScheduleD.) Operant Conditioning

Page 43: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

Correct Answer: D.) Operant Conditioning

Page 44: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

With this type of operant conditioning reinforcement schedule, an organism must wait for a specific amount of time and then make the operant response in order to receive reinforcement.

A.) Fixed Ratio Schedule

B.) Variable Interval Schedule

C.) Variable Ratio Schedule

D.) Fixed Interval Schedule

Page 45: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

Correct Answer: D.) Fixed Interval Schedule

If you are conducting a study in which you place a rat on a fixed-interval 30 second schedule (FI-30s), and the operant response is pressing the lever, then the rat must wait for 30 seconds, then press the lever, and it will receive reinforcement. This type of schedule is called fixed because the amount time the organism must wait remains constant. In addition, the investigator can determine what NOT waiting will do. If the rat presses the lever before the interval has elapsed, it can either make the interval start all over again (so if the rat waits 15 seconds and then presses the lever, it starts the 30 seconds all over again), or do nothing so that the rat can press the lever constantly for 30 seconds, and then the next one will produce reinforcement.

Page 46: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

An operant conditioning principle in which reinforcement is delivered after a specific number of responses have been made is known as:

A.) Fixed Ratio ScheduleB.) Variable Interval ScheduleC.) Variable Ratio ScheduleD.) Fixed Interval Schedule

Page 47: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

Correct Answer: A.) Fixed Ratio Schedule

Page 48: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

When a friend asks you for directions to your house, you are able to create an image in your mind of the roads, places to turn, landmarks, etc., along the way to your house from your friend's starting point. This representation is a:

A.) Cognitive Direction

B.) Brain Directive

C.) Cognitive Imagination

D.) Cognitive Map

Page 49: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

Correct Answer:

D.) Cognitive Map; A mental representation of the physical features of the environment.

Page 50: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

This is a type of learning that takes place largely independent of awareness of both the process and the products of information acquisition.

A.) Artificial Learning

B.) Implicit Learning

C.) Explicit Learning

D.) Beneath-the-surface Learning

Page 51: The basic registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as parts of your body interact with the physical world is__________? a.Perception b.Transduction

Correct Answer: B.) Implicit Learning.