the basic structure and analysis of medical terms
DESCRIPTION
Medical Terminology. The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms. By E. Suryadi Madarina Julia. ONCOLOGY: Cervix Sarcoma. Sarcoma of the cervix therapy - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms
By E. SuryadiMadarina Julia
Medical Terminology
![Page 2: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
ONCOLOGY: Cervix Sarcoma
Sarcoma of the cervix therapy Sarcomas of the cervix show a variable and generally poor response to radiotherapy. If possible therefore, surgical removal is indicated if the disease is localized to the pelvis. This may vary from simple hysterectomy to total pelvic exenteration. Chemotherapy has not proved effective in these tumor
The signs and symptoms of recurrent malignant disease are:
1. Positive cytologic examination2. Palpable tumor in pelvis or abdomen3. Ulceration of cervix or vagina4. Unilateral lower extremity edema5. Supraclavicular lymphadenopathy
![Page 3: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Historya vocabulary from ancient Greek and LatinAncient doctors, e.g. Hippocrates:epilepsy, dysentery, asthma, diarrhea
New advances in medical science – new terms derived from everyday vocabulary,
e.g. cyt – kytos (hollow container)-cell
![Page 4: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Why do we need to learn medical terminology ?To speak and to write exactly
Health professional around the world use medical vocabulary to speak and to write exactlyInternational language, Efficiency and effective learning“Perkembangan IPTEKDOK seiring dengan perkembangan medical terminology, New sciences/technology = New terminology”
![Page 5: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
How do we learn medical
terminology?like learning other languages: memorize the vocabulary!!logical language:
® most terms can be broken down into its basic component parts and understood
® “basic word structure”
![Page 6: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Basic Word Structure
PANCYTOPENIA
PREFIX WORDROOT
COMBINING VOWEL
SUFFIX
COMBINING FORM
![Page 7: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Commonly Used: Roots, Prefix
and Suffix
Medical Terminology
![Page 8: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
WORD ROOTFOUNDATION OF THE WORD
GASTER =GASTROS
ROOT (stomach
)
![Page 9: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
PREFIXWORD BEGINNING
EPIGASTRIC
PREFIX (above)
![Page 10: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
SUFFIXWORD ENDING
GASTRITIS
SUFFIX (inflammation)
![Page 11: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
COMPOUND WORD
TWO OR MORE WORD ROOTS
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
GASTROENTERITIS
WORD ROOTS
![Page 12: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
LEUKOCYTE
SUFFIX or COMPOUND SUFFIX
FORM
LEUKOCYTOSIS
LEUKOCYTOPENIA
![Page 13: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Correlate an understanding of a word
with basic anatomy, physiology, and disease process of the human
bodyPANCYTOPENIAPAN : allCYT : cellPENIA : deficiency
DEFICIENCY OF ALL CELLS(deficiency of all types of blood cells)
![Page 14: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
LEUKEMIA
LEUK (root): whiteEM (root): bloodIA (suffix): state (noun)EMIA (compound-suffix form): state of blood“white blood”malignancy of white blood cells
![Page 15: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The origin of a medical term
Greek noun or adjectiveGreek verbLatin noun or adjectiveLatin verb
Influence how it was used in modern medical term
![Page 16: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
TissueTissues may have different terms in normal and diseased states
NORMAL: LATIN WORD
DISEASED/ ABNORMAL: GREEK WORD
![Page 17: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
normal and abnormalTESTIS
UTERUSVAGINA
OVARIUMTUBA
NASUSORIS
HEPAR
orch/ometr/ocolp/o
oophor/osalphynx
rhin/ostomat/
onephepat/o
orchitisendometriti
scolpitis
vaginitisOophoritissalphyngiti
srhinitis
Stomatitishepatitis
![Page 18: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
normal and abnormal
RENCOR
PULMO
CORNEAAURIS
CEREBRUM
nephr/ocardi/o
pneum/o
kerat/oot/o
encephal/o
nephritiscarditis
pneumonitis
pneumoniakeratitis
otitisencephaliti
s
![Page 19: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Tissue latin and Greek
ADIPOSE TISSUE - Fascia adiposa
LIP/O : FAT– Lipolysis– Lipogenesis– Lipodystrophy– lipoma
![Page 20: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Tissue latin and Greek
OSSEUS/OS -Os femur, os radius,
os pallatum, -medulla osseum
OSTE/O - : BONE–Osteogenesis
imperfecta–Osteoblast–Osteomyelitis
![Page 21: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Tissue latin and Greek
NERVUS -Nernus ischiadicus, - n. axillaris
NEUR/O : NERVE–neuralgia–neuropathy–neuritis
![Page 22: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Tissue latin and Greek
MUSCULUS -Musculus pectoralis major, - m. rectus abdominis
MY/OMYS/O: MUSCLE– myopathy– myositis– Myoglobin– Myofibra– Myocardium– Myometrium
![Page 23: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Tissue latin and Greek
CARTILAGO - Cartilago thyreoidea, - cartilago septi nasi
CHONDR/O : CARTILAGE– chondrodysplasia– Achondroplasia– Osteogenesis enchondralis– Chondrogenesis
![Page 24: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Tissue latin and Greek
CUTISCUTANE/0
- Intracutane, - subcutane
DERMISDERMAT/O : SKIN– dermatitis– leukoderma– epidermis– dermatology
![Page 25: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Tissue latin and Greek
VASAVASCUL/O
- vascularisation, - avascular
ANGI/O : BLOOD VESSEL– angiopathy/ vasculopathy– angiography– Angiogram– angioma– Vasculitis
![Page 26: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Tissue latin and Greek
SANGUIS; SANGUINISHEM/O =HAIMAEMHEMAT/O: BLOOD– hematology– hematopoiesis– anemia– cholesterolemia– hemoglobin
![Page 27: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Greek nouns and adjectives (1)
Root of a noun or an adjective is found by dropping the ending (os, on, e, s, ys)nephros – nephritisneuron – neuritisleukos – leukemiatachys – tachypneaglykys -- glycemia
![Page 28: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Greek nouns and adjectives (2)
… when a suffix begins with a consonant attached to a root ends with a consonant, a combining vowel is needed
leukocyteneurogenicnephroblast
![Page 29: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
so…drop the combining vowel before a suffix beginning with a vowel
GASTRIC, and not GASTROICLEUKEMIA, and not LEUKOEMIA
![Page 30: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
but… retain the combining vowel between two roots in a word
GASTROENTERITISELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM
![Page 31: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Greek nouns and adjectives (3)
Some words may come in two combining forms:
derma, dermatos
hypodermic, dermatology
soma, somatos macrosomia, somatotroph
haima, haimatos
hemoglobin, hematology
stoma, stomatos
tracheostomy,stomatitis
![Page 32: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Greek Verbs
gignesthai
gen(e)- gen
pathogenesishematogen
lyein ly(s)- hemolysis
tome tom- cholecystotomy
graphein graph- cardiograph
rhein rhe- diarrhea, leukorrhea
![Page 33: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Latin NounsCombining form of a noun is found by dropping the ending (a, um)
fistula – fistulectomyvagina – vaginoplastylympha – lymphogenileum – ileostomycerebrum – cerebrovascularpalatum – palatorrhaphy
![Page 34: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Latin and Greek ColorLEUK/O : ALBUS :
WHITEALBINO, CORPUS ALBICANLINEA ALBALEUKOCYTE LEUKOCYTURIALEUKOCYTOSISLEUKEMIALEUKODERMALEUKODYSTROPHYLEUKOPLAKIALEUKORRHEAFLUOR ALBUS
![Page 35: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Latin and Greek Color
MELAN/O : FUSCUS : BLACK MELANOCYTEMELANOBLASTMELANOMAMELANURIAMELANINMELENA
![Page 36: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Latin and Greek Color
ERYTHR/O : RUBRO : RED
CORPUS RUBRUM NUCLEUS RUBER
ERYTHROBLASTERYTHROCYTE ERYTHROCLASTERYTHEMAERYTHREMIAERYTHRODERMA
![Page 37: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Latin and Greek Color
CYAN/O: BLUE
CYANOTICCYANOSISCYANOPHILCYANOPSIACYANOLABE
glaucos : bluish green Griseus : bluish grey
![Page 38: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Latin and Greek Color
CHLOR/O:CHLOASMA : GREEN
CHLOROMACHLOROPHYLCHLOROPSIACHLOROLABE
![Page 39: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Latin and Greek Color
GRISEUS = POLIOS = PHAIOS =GREY
Substantia grisea Poliomyelitis
![Page 40: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Latin and Greek Color
XANTH/O: FLAVUS: LUTEUS: YELLOW
CORPUS LUTEUMXANTHOCHROMICXANTHOCHROMIAXANTHOMAXANTHOPSIA
![Page 41: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Body activities
Audio = acouo = to hear Opsia /opia = blepo =to seePhagien = to eatDipsa = to drinkPhrasis = to speechLaleo = to talkGradior = to walkHalo = pneu = to breatheOureo = to urinateErgo = to workSedeo =sella = to sit
Osme = bromo = to smellMnena = to memoryPalpo = to touchKineo= moveo = to moveGustatus = geuma = to tasteHypnos /somnus/sopor=
to sleepGlutio = to swallow Defaecatio/chezo =
to defaecate
![Page 42: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Qualitative Measurement
Major= magnus = mega = greatMinor/parvus=smallBreve = shortLongus = longDurum = hardLepto/pia = thin
Mollis = softBradys = tardus=slowTachys = celer =fastPoly = multi = manyOligos = few = rareAsthenia = weakSthenia = strong
![Page 43: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
prefix – Location
end/o – ento - enesointra
ect/o
exo
ec
retr/o
par/a
peri
supra/super /ultra
epiextra
infra/ sub
![Page 44: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
prefix – Location
mes/o
Circum/peri
![Page 45: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Position
Ante = before; Post = afterMeta = behindTrans = beyond, to the other sideInter = between, amongDia = complete = through Per = through, overAna = upon, upwardsCata = downwardAb = away from; ad = to ward
![Page 46: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
prefix – Locationexamples:
ectopic pregnancyectoderm, mesoderm, endodermencephalitisendometrium vs. parametriumendotoxin vs. exotoxinPeriosteum, pericardiumCircumoral, circumductioretroperitonealsuprarenal, etc.
![Page 47: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
A/AN
NULLI
prefix - number
ANEMIAAPLASTIC ANEMIAANALGESIANULLIPARA
WITHOUT
LACKING
DEFICIENT
![Page 48: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
HEMIPARESISHEMIPLEGIAHEMIHYPERTROPHYSEMICOMATOSE
prefix - number
½ hemi
semi
HALF
PARTIAL
![Page 49: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
prefix - number
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODYMONOPARESISMONONUCLEAR CELLSUNICELLULARUNILATERAL
uni - mono
![Page 50: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
prefix - number
PRIMIPARA, PRIMIPAROUSPRIMIGRAVIDAPRIMITIVE PRIMORDIAL GERM CELLS
1st
primi
![Page 51: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
BI - DI(PLO)
prefix - number
BICUSPID VALVEBICEPSBIFURCATIODIPLOCOCCUSDIPLOID
![Page 52: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
prefix - number
• MULTI – MANY : ® MULTIPARA, MULTINUCLEAR
GIANT CELLS, MULTIGRAVIDA
• 3 - TRI : ® TRICUSPIDALIS, TRI IN DIE
• 4 - TETRA : ® TETRAPARESES,
TETRAPLEGIA• 5 - PENTA : PENTAMER
![Page 53: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
negative sense
ANTI (ANT): CONTRA =AGAINST, OPPOSED
• ANTIBIOTIC
• ANTIHISTAMINE
• ANTITOXIN
![Page 54: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
MAL = BAD Malnutrition, malaria, Malformation
A, AN = ABSENCE OF SOMETHING, DEFICIENT Anaerobe, anemia,
anhidrosis
![Page 55: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
negative sense
dys : difficult, painful, abnormalDYSMENORRHEA
DYSPEPSIA
DYSTROPHY
(DUCHENNE MUSCULODYSTROPHY)
DYSURIA
![Page 56: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
hyper and hypo
hyper : beyond normal, excessive, over hypo: under, deficient, below normalHYPOGLYCEMIA
HYPOTHYROIDISMHYPOTENSI
HYPODERMIC
HYPERGLYCEMIAHYPERTHYROIDIS
MHYPERTENSI
![Page 57: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
tachy and brady
tachy: rapid, fast brady: slow
tachycardiatachypnea
bradycardiabradypnea
![Page 58: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
suffix – noun
dyspnea, rhinorrheaanemia, osteomalaciahypertrophyectasiaarteriosclerosis
a, ia, y, sia, sis, asia, asis, esis, ema, ism, us:
state, condition
• nephrolithiasis• erythema• hyperchromasi
a• diuresis• synergism• hydrocephalus
![Page 59: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
suffix – noun
itis inflammation
oma,ma
tumor, disease
oophoritis fibroadenomaendometritis adenocarcinomacolitis ulcerosa gliomahepatitis edemacarditis lymphoma
![Page 60: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
SuffixNOUN - ADJECTIVE
NOUN ADJECTIVEcyanosisanemianervus
sclerosisstenosisparalysis
cyanoticanemicnervousscleroticstenoticparalytic
![Page 61: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
SUFFIXES
-ALGIA = PAIN-CELE = HERNIA-CENTESIS = SURGICAL PUNCTURE TO REMOTE
A FLUID-PENIA = DECREASE-DYNIA = PAIN-LYSIS = DESTRUCTION = BREAKDOWN-MALACIA = SOFTENING-OPSY = TO VIEW-POIESIS = FORMATION-PLASIA = DEVELOPMENT
![Page 62: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
SUFFIXES
-OSIS = ABNORMAL CONDITION-PATHY = DISEASE-PEXY = FIXATION-STASIS = STOPPING. CONTROLING-SCOPE = INSTRUMENT FOR EXAMINATION -PTOSIS = DROPPING
![Page 63: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Rules for commonly forming plurals
ending change to
isumusa
ex/ix
esai
aeices
![Page 64: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Examples of pluralsis to es
SINGULAR PLURAL
anastomosismetastasisepiphysisprosthesis
anastomosesmetastasesepiphysesprostheses
![Page 65: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Examples of pluralsum to a
SINGULAR PLURAL
bacteriumdiverticulum
ovum
bacteriadiverticula
ova
![Page 66: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Examples of pluralsus to i
SINGULAR PLURALcalculusbronchus
bronchiolusnucleus
calculibronchi
bronchiolinuclei
![Page 67: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Examples of plurals
a to ae
SINGULAR PLURALvertebra
bursabulla
vertebraebursaebullae
![Page 68: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Examples of pluralsix or ex to ices
SINGULAR PLURAL
apexvarix
apicesvarices
![Page 69: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
diminutive suffix (1)
culus–venter – ventriculus, ventricle
–vasa – vasculus–vesica – vesiculus, vesicleolus–arteria – arteriole–alveus -- alveolus
![Page 70: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
diminutive suffix (2)
ulus–calcis – calculus–globus – globulus, globule
illa–fibril -fibrillaellum–cerebrum - cerebellum
![Page 71: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
What are we going to discuss in this session?
ABREVIATIONS IN MEDICAL TERMINOLOGYCLINICAL TERMS/ PHRASESetc.
![Page 72: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Abbreviations
1. Measurements2. Chemical3. Diagnoses4. Procedures5. Health Professions6. Charting
![Page 73: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Abbreviations
Measurements
g or gmmcgtspkcalmMol/Lg/dLmg%BMI
grammicrogramteaspooncaloriemMol per litergram per decilitermiligram percentbody mass index
![Page 74: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Abbreviations
Chemical
O2 (oxygen)CO2 (carbon dioxide)NaCl (sodium chloride)RL (Ringer Lactate)K (potassium, kalium)
![Page 75: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Abbreviations
Diagnoses
CP (cerebral palsy)AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)ALL (acute lymphoblastic leukemia)CVA (cerebrovascular accident)CVD (cardiovascular disease)DHF (Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever)
![Page 76: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Abbreviations
Procedures (1)radiology
IVP: intravenous pyelographyECG: electrocardiographyUSG: ultrasonographyMRI: magnetic resonance imagingCT-SCAN (CAT-SCAN): computerized axial tomography scanning
![Page 77: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Abbreviations
Procedures (2)laboratory
2 hr pp (2 hour post prandial blood glucose)LDH (lactic dehydrogenase)CK (creatine kinase)LFT (liver function test)RFT (renal function test)
![Page 78: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Abbreviations Health professions
MD (medical doctor)ENT (ear, nose,
throat)OB (obstetry)GYN (gynecology)
![Page 79: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Medicine as an information- intensive
domainOne million articles are published every year in scientific journals Medical terminologies (UMLS = unified medical language system) consist of more than 250.000 concepts and more than 540.000 different terms
![Page 80: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Abbreviations
Chartingex/ exam (examination)Dx (diagnosis)Tx (treatment)Rx (prescribe)BP (blood pressure) iv (intravenous)OS (oculus sinister, left eye) tid (tri in die, thrice a day)
![Page 81: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Clinical Terms/ Phrases
anamnesis: history of symptomsexamination: physical examination of signsdiagnosistherapy/ treatmentprognosis
![Page 82: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
diagnosis/diseases (1)related to organ system/
tissueinflammation: rhinopharyngitis, cystitistumor/ cancer: hepatocellular carcinoma, osteosarcoma, melanoma maligna, neurofibromatosiscondition: mitral stenosis, arteriosclerosis, nephrolithiasis, dysenteri, hemothoraxsyndrome: nephrotic syndrome, hepatorenal syndrome, AIDS
![Page 83: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
diagnosis/diseases (2)related to the causing
factorsorganism: – Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF)– Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS)– Chikungunya Fever– Diphteria (C. diphteriae)– Tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis)toxin: – tetanus (tetanin – C. tetani)– botulism (botulinum – C. botulinum)
![Page 84: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
diagnosis/diseases (3)named after the person
who found itsigns: – Turner syndrome– Biot respiration– Spleen Schuffner 1-8disease:– Duchenne muscular dystrophy– Becker muscular dystrophy– Hashimoto disease– Grave’s disease– Neurofibromatosis von
Recklinghausen
![Page 85: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
therapy/ treatment
Causative/ Curative: address the cause of the disease – aimed at curing the disease
Symptomatic/Palliative: address the symptoms of the disease – aimed at making the patients feel better
Ex juvantivus: a try out
![Page 86: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
surgical procedures
tomy (to cut): pyloromyotomi, osteotomistomy (to make an opening): tracheostomy, nephrostomy, ileostomyectomy (resection= to cut out): nephrectomy, splenectomy, gastrectomyrraphy (to sew): herniorrhaphy, palatorraphyincision vs. excision
![Page 87: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
prognosisdubia ad malamdubia ad bonamfive years survival rate of 80%fatality rateremission ratecure rate
![Page 88: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
other terms
acute vs. chronicdegree of consciousness: compos mentis, lethargy, stupor, sopor, soporocomatous, comashockheadache/ cephalgia: tension headache, cluster headache, migraine, vertigo
![Page 89: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Aware of spelling and pronunciation problem
4 pronounced alike – different spelling
4 may give wrong diagnosis
ILEUM vs. ILIUMHEPATOMA vs. HEMATOMA
CYSTITIS vs. CYTOSISEndometritis vs.Endometriosis
![Page 90: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Aware of spelling and pronunciation problem
similar pronunciation
URETER vs. URETHRAureteritisurethritis
![Page 91: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
How do we analyze a medical terms?
break it down into its component part
find the meaning of every part
Read the meaning from the suffix back to the first part of the word
![Page 92: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
PANCYTOPENIAPAN (prefix): allCYT (root): cellPENIA (suffix-form): deficiency
DEFICIENCY OF ALL CELLS(deficiency of all types of blood cells)
![Page 93: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
ELECTR (root): electricityCARDI (root): heartGRAM (suffix): record
The record of the electricity of the heart
![Page 94: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
GASTROENTERITIS
GASTR (root): stomachENTER (root): intestinesITIS (suffix): inflammation
Inflammation of the stomach and intestines
![Page 95: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Read the meaning of medical terms from the suffix back to the first part of the word
PANCYTOPENIAELECTROCARDIOGRAMGASTROENTERITIS
![Page 96: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
ASYNERGY
A (prefix): withoutSYN (prefix): togetherERG (root): workingY (suffix): noun-suffix
without synergywithout working together
![Page 97: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
OSTEOSARCOMAOSTEO (combining form): boneSARCOMA (suffix-form): tumor of the tissue–SARC (root): tissue–OMA (suffix): tumortumor of bone tissuelymphosarcoma, liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, etc.
![Page 98: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
RETROPERITONEALRETRO (prefix): behindPERITONEUM (root–peritonaion): to stretch overAL (suffix): adjectival suffix
behind the peritoneumPeritoneum is a serous sac that lines
the abdominal cavity
![Page 99: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Further ReadingsChabner DE. The Language of Medicine. W.B. Saunders Company, 1981Dunmore CW, Fleischer RM. Medical Terminology. Exercises in Etymology, 2nd ed. F.A Davis Company, 1985Dennerll JT. Medical Terminology. A Programmed Text, 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1988Suryadi. E. Buku saku Terminologi Kedokteran. BPK FKUGM., 2011
![Page 100: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
(Adopted from: Gordon Reeves & Ian Todel. 1996:
Lecture Notes on Immunology.pp: 258)
1. Abnormal proliferation of the cells of the immune system takes many forms, e.g. leukaemia, lymphoma, myeloma, macroglobulinemia and heavy chain diseases.
Cryoglobuminemia and amyloidosis are also associated with the abnormal production of proteins involved in the immune respons.
![Page 101: The Basic Structure and Analysis of Medical Terms](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56813054550346895d9604fa/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
2. The monoclonal gammopathies are caused by the uncontrolled proliferation of a single clone of plasma cells (in myelomatosis) or B Lymphoblasts (in macroglobulinemia). In macroglobulinemia the excess production of pentameric IgM is associated with hyperviscosity and cryoglobulinemia. In myeloma the monoclonal immunoglobuline can be of class IgG, IgA, IgD, IgM, or monomeric IgM. Decalcification, hypercalcemia and bone pain is mediated by cytokine release initiated by the abnormal plasma cells and agents that inhibit IL-6 are under investigation for treatment of myelomatosis.