the basics. preview and processing 1. 1. does time or a calendar exist naturally? 2. 2. how have...
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The BasicsThe Basics
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Preview and Processing
1. Does time or a calendar exist naturally?
2. How have humans manipulated or created time or a calendar ?
3. What does time or a calendar provide in terms of historical research?
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Basic terms:Basic terms:•DecadeDecade•CenturyCentury•MillenniumMillennium•Gregorian calendarGregorian calendar (adopted in1582 by Pope (adopted in1582 by Pope Gregory XIII)Gregory XIII)
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How to count:How to count:•BC and or BC and or BCEBCE (counts (counts down)down)
•ADAD and or CE (counts and or CE (counts up)up)
•CIRCACIRCA: around or : around or approximateapproximate
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BC=Before ChristBC=Before ChristBCEBCE=before common era=before common eraADAD=anno domini “in the =anno domini “in the year of our Lord”year of our Lord”
CE=common eraCE=common era
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Gregorian rangeGregorian range Julian rangeJulian range DifferenceDifference
From 15 October 1582From 15 October 1582to 28 February 1700to 28 February 1700
From 5 October 1582From 5 October 1582to 18 February 1700to 18 February 1700
10 days10 days
From 12 March 1700From 12 March 1700to 28 February 1800to 28 February 1800
From 1 March 1700From 1 March 1700to 17 February 1800to 17 February 1800
11 days11 days
From 13 March 1800From 13 March 1800to 28 February 1900to 28 February 1900
From 1 March 1800From 1 March 1800to 16 February 1900to 16 February 1900
12 days12 days
From 14 March 1900From 14 March 1900to 28 February 2100to 28 February 2100
From 1 March 1900From 1 March 1900to 15 February 2100to 15 February 2100
13 days13 days
From 15 March 2100From 15 March 2100to 28 February 2200to 28 February 2200
From 1 March 2100From 1 March 2100to 14 February 2200to 14 February 2200
14 days14 days
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Making the Making the ConnectionConnection
What is our current What is our current century?century?
Why is it off by 100 Why is it off by 100 years?years?
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How is the How is the puzzle of past puzzle of past civilizations civilizations
put together?put together?
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Three main groups Three main groups of people who put of people who put the puzzle together:the puzzle together:•ArchaeologistArchaeologist•HistorianHistorian•AnthropologistAnthropologist
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ArchaeologistArchaeologist (prehistory) (prehistory)•Altamira (pgs 12 & 13)Altamira (pgs 12 & 13)•Don MarcelinoDon Marcelino•Lascaux CavesLascaux Caves•Leakey FamilyLeakey Family•Donald JohansonDonald Johanson
““Lucy” in Ethiopia 1974 Lucy” in Ethiopia 1974 3.5 million years old3.5 million years old
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Dating Dating fossilsfossils and and artifactsartifacts•Where foundWhere found
LocationLocationLayer of earthLayer of earth
•Relative not absoluteRelative not absolute•Carbon 14Carbon 14
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HistorianHistorian
(our goal)(our goal)•Do not deal with Do not deal with prehistoryprehistory
•Written symbolsWritten symbols•Written record for the Written record for the last 5,000 yearslast 5,000 years
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AnthropologistAnthropologist•How societies & cultures How societies & cultures are organizedare organizedSocietySociety: people who : people who interact w/ ea. otherinteract w/ ea. other
CultureCulture: sharing ideas, : sharing ideas, habits, skills, traditions, habits, skills, traditions, values, lang.values, lang.
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Paleolithic AgePaleolithic Age ( Old Stone Age) ( Old Stone Age) 45,000 years ago45,000 years ago
•Earliest part of human prehistoryEarliest part of human prehistory•Ice Age=pop. shiftIce Age=pop. shift
Rift Valley, Africa (Ethiopia)Rift Valley, Africa (Ethiopia)•NomadsNomads: hunters and gatherers: hunters and gatherers•TechnologyTechnology: ability to use what is : ability to use what is
createdcreatedFire, clothing, shelterFire, clothing, shelterSmall groupsSmall groupsLang.Lang.
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•Equal SocietyEqual SocietyKung of Africa’s Kung of Africa’s KalahariKalahari
Aborigines: an Aborigines: an example of a modern example of a modern day equal societyday equal society
Painting=magicPainting=magicAfter-lifeAfter-life
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Neolithic AgeNeolithic Age
(new stone age)(new stone age)(4,000-2200 BCE)(4,000-2200 BCE)
•Women began to farmWomen began to farmOld campsOld campsCavesCavesSaved seedsSaved seeds
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•Permanent HomesPermanent HomesJarmo (Iraq 6750 BCE)Jarmo (Iraq 6750 BCE)
•MudMudCatal Huyuk (Turkey)Catal Huyuk (Turkey)Jericho (Palestine)Jericho (Palestine)
•Animals domesticatedAnimals domesticatedobsidianobsidian
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Catal Huyuk (Turkey)
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Jericho
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•FarmingFarmingNew tools & skillsNew tools & skills•Pottery, spinning Pottery, spinning & weaving& weaving
•Pop. growthPop. growth