the basics to first aid
DESCRIPTION
A Guide to the basics of First Aid TreatmentTRANSCRIPT
Think Safety First... Think
UK Safety First
A Quick guide to First Aid
brought to you by
UKSafetyFirst.
Even with basic knowledge of First you can save a
life in accident or emergency. This guide can help
you make the difference between life and death.
We recommend reading through this guide several times to
ensure you retain as much of it as possible.
Keep this guide in a handy location, somewhere where you
can find it easily should you want or need to read it at a later
date, such as; your cars glove compartment, your bag, in your
office desk draw or even works canteen.
Remember it is essential to keep a well stoked First Aid kit at
you place of work and is sensible to keep one at home and in
your car.
In an emergency
A. Remain calm and think clearly,
B. Identify the problem,
C. Follow the instructions illustrated in this guide
D. Dial 999 or 112 and continue to monitor the casualty.
When someone is unconscious
Open the airway
If the casualty is unconscious, check their airway is open and
clear.
Tilt their head
Tilt their head and lift the chin to open the airway.
Check for signs of breathing
Look along their chest, listen and feel for any signs of
breathing.
Put the casualty in the recovery position
If you have no reason to suspect that the casualty has
suffered from a spinal injury, place them into the recovery
position.
Recovery position
Adults and Children’s recovery position
1. Roll the casualty onto their side towards you
2. Lift the chin forward to open the airways and move the
hand under the cheek as necessary.
3. Check the casualty cannot roll forward or backwards.
4. Continue to monitor the level of responsiveness, breathing
and pulse until the emergency services arrive.
Babies and Toddlers
recovery position
1. Cradle the infant in your arms
with the head tilted downwards.
2. Monitor the infant’s level of
response, breathing and pulse until
the emergency services arrive.
When an adult has stopped breathing
A. Open the airway
If the casualty is unconscious, check their airway is open and
clear.
B. Tilt the head
Tilt their head back gently and lift their chin to open their
airway.
C. Check for breathing
1. Look along their chest, listen and feel for breaths.
2. If they are not breathing their heart will stop. You must
start the following procedure known as CPR immediately.
D. Call for Help
If you are not alone tell someone to dial 999 and ask for an
ambulance. Do not stop giving CPR until they arrive. If you are
by yourself call 999 and then continue to give CPR.
E. Pump
1. Place one hand in the centre of their chest, place the heel
of your other hand on top of the first and interlock your
fingers, keeping your fingers off their ribs.
2. Lean directly over their chest and begin to press down
vertically about 5 to 6 cm, release the pressure but do not
move your hands.
3. Give 30 compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute.
F. Breath
If you are unable or do not wish to give mouth to mouth you
can continue to give chest compressions only, but CPR is
most effective when given with both with Chest compressions
and Mouth to Mouth (Rescue Breaths).
1. Tilt their head back gently with one hand and lift the chin
with two fingers from the other to ensure the airway is open.
2. Pinch their nose to close the nostrils, take a deep breath,
seal your lips over their mouth ensuring no air can escape and
breathe out until you can see the chest rise.
3. Maintaining the head tilt and chin lift, take your mouth
away from theirs, watch along their chest to see it fall.
4. Repeat this process giving 2 rescue breaths for every 30
chest compressions.
Continue
Continue CPR until emergency help arrives, they start to
breathe normally on their own or you’re too exhausted to
continue.
Tilt the head, lift chin Place both hands in Give 2 rescue
and listen for centre of the chest breaths for
breathing. and pump. Every 30
compressions.
When a child has stopped breathing
A. Open the airway
If the casualty is unconscious, check their airway is open and
clear.
B. Tilt the head
Tilt their head back gently and lift their chin to open their
airway.
C. Check for breathing
1. Look along their chest, listen and feel for breaths.
2. If they are not breathing their heart will stop. You must
start the following procedure known as CPR immediately.
D. Call for Help
If you are not alone tell someone to dial 999 and ask for an
ambulance. Do not stop giving CPR until they arrive. If you are
by yourself give 1 minute of CPR before calling 999 and then
return to give CPR.
E. Breath
1. Tilt their head back gently with one hand and lift the chin
with two fingers from the other to ensure the airway is open.
2. Pinch their nose to close the nostrils, take a deep breath,
seal your lips over their mouth ensuring no air can escape and
breathe out until you can see the chest rise.
3. Maintaining the head tilt and chin lift, take your mouth
away from theirs, watch along their chest to see it fall.
4. Repeat to give 5 initial rescue breaths.
F. Pump
1. Place one hand in the centre of their chest, place the heel
of your other hand on top of the first and interlock your
fingers, keeping your fingers off their ribs.
2. Lean directly over their chest and begin to press down
vertically about 5 to 6 cm, release the pressure but do not
move your hands.
3. Give 30 compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute.
Continue
Continue CPR until emergency help arrives, they start to
breathe normally on their own or you’re too exhausted to
continue.
Tilt the head, lift chin and
listen for breathing.
Give 5 initial rescue breaths.
Place both hands in centre
of the chest and pump.
When a baby has stopped breathing
A. Open the airway
If the casualty is unconscious, check their airway is open and
clear.
B. Tilt the head
Tilt their head back gently and lift their chin to open their
airway.
C. Check for breathing
1. Look along their chest, listen and feel for breaths for 10
seconds.
2. If they are not breathing their heart will stop. You must
start the following procedure known as CPR immediately.
D. Call for Help
If you are not alone tell someone to dial 999 and ask for an
ambulance. Do not stop giving CPR until they arrive. If you are
by yourself give 1 minute of CPR before calling 999 and then
return to give CPR.
E. Breath
1. Place the baby on a firm surface.
2. Tilt their head back gently with one hand and lift the chin
with one finger from the other to ensure the airway is open.
3. Take a breath, seal your lips over the baby’s mouth and
nose ensuring no air can escape and breathe out until you can
see the chest rise. (Ensure your do not over inflate the chest).
4. Maintaining the head tilt and chin lift, take your mouth
away from theirs, watch along their chest to see it fall.
4. Repeat to give 5 initial rescue breaths.
.F. Pump
1. Place 2 fingers on the centre of their chest.
2. Press down sharply to one third the depth of the chest,
Release the pressure, but do not remove your fingers.
3. Give 30 compressions at a rate of 100 – 120 per minute.
Continue
Continue CPR until emergency help arrives, they start to
breathe normally on their own or you’re too exhausted to
continue.
Tilt the Head back and lift the chin.
Give 5 initial rescue breaths.
Place 2 fingers on the chest and
press.
When an adult or child is choking
A. Cough it out
Encourage the person to cough. If this does not clear the
obstruction, support their upper body with one hand and help
them lean forward.
B. Slap it out
Lean forward and give up to 5 sharp back blows between
their shoulder blades with the heel of your hand.
C. Squeeze it out
1. If the obstruction has not dislodged, stand behind them
and put both arms around the upper part of the abdomen.
2. Clench your fist and place it between the navel and
around the bottom of their breastbone.
3. Grasp your fist firmly with your other hand and pull
sharply inwards and up repeating up to 5 times.
4. If this has not cleared the obstruction, repeat the
backslaps and abdominal thrusts up to 3 more times.
5. If the obstruction is still lodged, call 999 or 112 for
emergency help. Continue the processes until help arrives.
When a baby is choking
A. Slap it out
1. Lay the baby face down on your forearm supporting the
body and chin.
2. Give up to 5 back blows between their shoulder blades
with the heel of your hand.
3. Check in the mouth for any obstructions and remove
DO NOT feel blindly down the throat.
B. Pump it out
1. If the obstruction has not cleared, turn the baby on their
back.
2. Place 2 fingers on the baby’s chest and push inwards and
up sharply against the baby’s breastbone.
3. Check the mouth again for any obstructions and remove.
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 up to 5 more times.
5. If the obstruction has still not cleared, repeat backslaps
and thrusts up to 3 more times.
6. If the obstruction has still not cleared, call 999 or 112 for
the emergency services. Continue the steps until help
arrives.
Stopping a server bleed
A. Press it
1. Make sure to wear gloves if available before dealing with
open wounds.
2. Apply direct pressure over the wound with your hand
using a clean dressing, if you do not have a dressing, ask the
casualty to apply pressure themselves.
B. Raise it
1. Help them to lie down.
2. If possible, raise and support the injured limb above the
level of their heart to reduce blood loss.
3. Raise their legs to help ease effects of shock.
Call for help
Call 999 or 112 and continue to monitor the casualty whilst
waiting for the emergency services to arrive.
When someone is having a heart attack
A. Sit them down
Make sure they are as comfortable as possible, a half-sitting
position with their knees bent and head and shoulders
supported is best.
B. Call for help
Call 999 or 112 for the emergency services and tell them you
suspect a heart attack.
Aspirin
1. If available and the person is over 16 and not allergic, give
them aspirin (300mg) and tell them to chew it slowly.
2. Monitor and reassure them until help arrives.
This Guide covers the basics when administering First Aid.
We recommend attending one of our First Aid courses which will
give you a better understanding in identifying symptoms
associated with illnesses such as Heart attacks and strokes.
Our courses are available all year round and are available for
anyone who is able to administer First Aid.
To see when our next course is being held visit our website or
call us to arrange a booking.
Telephone: 01395 234 381
Website: www.uksafetyfirst.co.uk
Email: [email protected]