the beer-bouger-lambert law and max the beer’s law: at a given the proportion of light absorbed...
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The Beer-Bouger-Lambert Law and max
The Beer’s law: At a given the proportion of light absorbed by a transparent medium is independent of the intensity of the incident light and is proportional to the number of absorbing molecules through which the light passes.
I0 is the intensity of incident lightI is the intensity of transmitted lightk is the absorption coefficientl is the path length through the sample is molar extinction coefficient or molar absorptivityc is the concentration in mol/LSo k ≈ 2.303 c
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Changes of Absorption Maxima
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In-phase overlap region of AOs = bonding MO
Out-of-phase overlap region of AOs (nodal plane) = antibonding MO
AOs being combined must have similar energy and the same symmetry with respect to the internuclear axis
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= resonance energy; it becomes 0 if EA is big
S = overlap integral that typically is about 0.2
E+- = (EA +- )/(1+-S)
Linear Combination of AOs (LCAO)
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g = even (gerade) and u = odd (ungerade) with regard to inverion
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Penta-1,3-diene in heptane
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Absorption of alkenes
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Absorption of alkenes
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Absorption of isolated chromophores