The Beginning of the Life The Beginning of the Life CycleCycle

Group 3 Chapter 20 Lesson 1Group 3 Chapter 20 Lesson 1

Presented byPresented by Shelly Belithe, Shelly Belithe, Melda Louis, Shreya Kaushal, Melda Louis, Shreya Kaushal,

Kate Keeley, Cindy PaulKate Keeley, Cindy Paul

For Pregnant high school girls (grades 9-12)For Pregnant high school girls (grades 9-12)

ObjectivesObjectives

KnowledgeKnowledgeThe students will be able to:The students will be able to:1.1. List at least one highlight of fetal development List at least one highlight of fetal development

during the first, second, and third trimesters.during the first, second, and third trimesters.2.2. Describe at least two common complications Describe at least two common complications

that occur during pregnancy. that occur during pregnancy. 3.3. List and describe the three stages of birth.List and describe the three stages of birth.4.4. Identify resources in Gainesville they can use Identify resources in Gainesville they can use

i.e. Medicaid, WIC, and Food Stamps.i.e. Medicaid, WIC, and Food Stamps.

ObjectivesObjectives

Attitude:Attitude:

The students will be able to:The students will be able to:

1.1. Feel responsible in having the knowledge Feel responsible in having the knowledge to care for themselves and their growing to care for themselves and their growing child.child.

2.2. Feel secure as they are aware of signs Feel secure as they are aware of signs and symptoms that could lead to and symptoms that could lead to complications.complications.

ObjectivesObjectives

Practice:Practice:

The students will be able to:The students will be able to:

1.1. Take steps to have a healthy pregnancy Take steps to have a healthy pregnancy i.e. nutrition, sleep, and exercise.i.e. nutrition, sleep, and exercise.

2.2. Distinguish between true and false labor.Distinguish between true and false labor.

Prenatal DevelopmentPrenatal Development

CONCEPTIONCONCEPTION

Sperm unites with the egg to form zygoteSperm unites with the egg to form zygote 23 chromosomes from each parent 23 chromosomes from each parent Unique genetic fingerprint determines:Unique genetic fingerprint determines:

– gendergender– body typebody type– color of hair, eyes, skincolor of hair, eyes, skin

IMPLANTATIONIMPLANTATION Occurs 7 to 10 days after Occurs 7 to 10 days after

fertilizationfertilization Blastocyst attaches to Blastocyst attaches to

the wall of your uterusthe wall of your uterus Body starts producing the Body starts producing the

pregnancy hormone hCGpregnancy hormone hCG Now referred to as an Now referred to as an

embryoembryo

1st Trimester1st TrimesterThe 1st MONTHThe 1st MONTH

The embryo grows 10,000 times The embryo grows 10,000 times larger than at conceptionlarger than at conception

The placenta is an organ in the The placenta is an organ in the uterus that nourishes the uterus that nourishes the embryo embryo

By the third week, the heart By the third week, the heart begins to begins to beatbeat

1st Trimester1st Trimester2 MONTHS2 MONTHS

Embryo is now called a fetusEmbryo is now called a fetus Teeth form and fingers and Teeth form and fingers and

toes develop toes develop Brain waves Brain waves All body systems are presentAll body systems are present Fetus can suck hisFetus can suck his thumb!thumb!

1st Trimester1st Trimester3 MONTHS3 MONTHS

The fetus can now The fetus can now squint, swallow and squint, swallow and move the tonguemove the tongue

sleepsleep own fingerprintsown fingerprints sensitive to touchsensitive to touch

2nd Trimester2nd Trimester4 MONTHS4 MONTHS

The brain is maturingThe brain is maturing Eyelids are sealed shut Eyelids are sealed shut REM (Rapid Eye Movement) REM (Rapid Eye Movement)

has been recorded- a sign of has been recorded- a sign of dreamingdreaming

What do they dream about in What do they dream about in the womb???the womb???

2nd Trimester2nd Trimester5 MONTHS5 MONTHS

The fetus is very The fetus is very activeactive

Kicking, hiccupping, Kicking, hiccupping, turningturning

Babies born at this Babies born at this stage have survivedstage have survived

2nd Trimester2nd Trimester6 Months6 Months

The fetus can sweatThe fetus can sweat The skin is covered with a The skin is covered with a

white filmy layer to protect him white filmy layer to protect him from scratches as he twists from scratches as he twists and turnsand turns

The fetus can respond to The fetus can respond to soundsound

3rd Trimester3rd Trimester7 Months7 Months

The fetus can now The fetus can now recognize the recognize the mother’s voicemother’s voice

At this time the eyes At this time the eyes can reopencan reopen

Fingernails cover Fingernails cover his fingertipshis fingertips

3rd Trimester3rd Trimester8 Months8 Months

The fetus continues to gain The fetus continues to gain weightweight

The fetus is developing a layer The fetus is developing a layer of fat to keep warm after birthof fat to keep warm after birth

Will shift to a head-down Will shift to a head-down position to prepare for birthposition to prepare for birth

3rd Trimester3rd Trimester9 Months9 Months

The lungs are fully The lungs are fully developed and capable developed and capable of breathing airof breathing air

As the womb becomes As the womb becomes more crowded, you more crowded, you may feel less may feel less movementmovement

Prevent ComplicationPrevent Complication

Nutrition and SupplementsNutrition and Supplements 300 extra calories a day300 extra calories a day Maintain a well-balanced diet that Maintain a well-balanced diet that

incorporates the incorporates the dietary guidelinesdietary guidelines including: including:– lean meats lean meats – fruits fruits – vegetables vegetables – whole-grain breads whole-grain breads – low-fat dairy productslow-fat dairy products

CalciumCalcium

Pregnant women need 27 to 30 mg of Pregnant women need 27 to 30 mg of calcium calcium

Good sources of calcium include:Good sources of calcium include:– low-fat dairy productslow-fat dairy products– calcium-fortified productscalcium-fortified products– dark green vegetables dark green vegetables – dried beans dried beans

IronIron Needed to make hemoglobinNeeded to make hemoglobin Red blood cells deliver oxygen to all cellsRed blood cells deliver oxygen to all cells Some examples of iron-rich foods include:Some examples of iron-rich foods include:

– red meat red meat – tuna tuna – eggs eggs – enriched grains enriched grains – leafy green vegetables leafy green vegetables

Folate (Folic Acid)Folate (Folic Acid)

CDC recommends 0.4 milligrams of CDC recommends 0.4 milligrams of folic folic acidacid supplements supplements every dayevery day

Studies have shown that folic acid Studies have shown that folic acid supplements decrease the risk of supplements decrease the risk of neural neural tube tube defects by up to 70%defects by up to 70%

FluidsFluids

Drink plenty of fluids, especially waterDrink plenty of fluids, especially water Prevents dehydrationPrevents dehydration Prevents constipation Prevents constipation

ExerciseExercise

30 minutes or more of moderate intensity 30 minutes or more of moderate intensity physical activity every dayphysical activity every day– prevents excess weight gain prevents excess weight gain – reduces back pain, swelling, and constipation reduces back pain, swelling, and constipation – improves sleep improves sleep – increases energy increases energy – lessens recovery time lessens recovery time

SleepSleep Comfortable positionComfortable position Lying on side with knees bentLying on side with knees bent Keeps heart rate at a normal speedKeeps heart rate at a normal speed Reduce varicose veins, constipation, hemorrhoidsReduce varicose veins, constipation, hemorrhoids

Sleep on left sideSleep on left side Keeps uterus off large organsKeeps uterus off large organs Optimizes blood flow to placenta then to babyOptimizes blood flow to placenta then to baby Keeps pressure off your backKeeps pressure off your back

Fish/Certain FoodsFish/Certain Foods Limit to 12 pounds of fish per weekLimit to 12 pounds of fish per week Foods you'll want to steer clear of include: Foods you'll want to steer clear of include:

– soft, un pasteurized cheesessoft, un pasteurized cheeses– un pasteurized milkun pasteurized milk– raw eggsraw eggs– raw or undercooked meatsraw or undercooked meats– processed meats processed meats

Avoid fish with too much mercuryAvoid fish with too much mercury

COMPLICATIONS DURING COMPLICATIONS DURING PREGNANCYPREGNANCY

High Blood PressureHigh Blood Pressure Toxemia, HypertensionToxemia, Hypertension Blood pressure drops in the 1st and 2nd Blood pressure drops in the 1st and 2nd

trimester and rises only in the 7th monthtrimester and rises only in the 7th month Leads to stroke, growth retardation, and Leads to stroke, growth retardation, and

premature deliverypremature delivery

DiabetesDiabetes

Excessive hunger and thirstExcessive hunger and thirst Frequent Urination especially during the Frequent Urination especially during the

second trimestersecond trimester Recurrent vaginal infection Recurrent vaginal infection High Blood Pressure High Blood Pressure

Harmful Effects of DiabetesHarmful Effects of Diabetes

For mother diabetes For mother diabetes can lead to: can lead to:

A miscarriageA miscarriage An abnormal Fetus An abnormal Fetus A Premature Delivery A Premature Delivery

For a baby diabetes For a baby diabetes can cause:can cause:

Hypoglycemia or Low Hypoglycemia or Low blood sugar levelblood sugar level

How Much Weight Should I How Much Weight Should I Gain?Gain?

Excessive Weight GainExcessive Weight Gain

HydraminosHydraminos Greater pressure on the cervix causes Greater pressure on the cervix causes

premature dilation and deliverypremature dilation and delivery Large fetus could lead to difficult deliveryLarge fetus could lead to difficult delivery

Inadequate Weight GainInadequate Weight Gain

Intrauterine Growth Retardation (IUGR)Intrauterine Growth Retardation (IUGR) A condition where the growth of the fetus is A condition where the growth of the fetus is

abnormalabnormal Less amniotic fluid around the fetus Less amniotic fluid around the fetus

(oligohydramnios )(oligohydramnios )

Placental AbruptionPlacental Abruption

Major cause for Major cause for bleeding during late bleeding during late pregnancypregnancy

Results from placenta Results from placenta peeling away from the peeling away from the uterusuterus

It occurs in less than It occurs in less than 1 % of the females1 % of the females

Placenta PraeviaPlacenta Praevia Low lying placentaLow lying placenta Attached to the lower half of the uterus, partially covering, or touching the Attached to the lower half of the uterus, partially covering, or touching the

cervixcervix Complication occurs in only 1% or less of full-term pregnanciesComplication occurs in only 1% or less of full-term pregnancies

RH FactorRH Factor

Associated with the blood type Associated with the blood type People with no Rh factor in their blood are People with no Rh factor in their blood are

called Rh negativecalled Rh negative Occurs only if the mother is Rh negative but Occurs only if the mother is Rh negative but

the father is positivethe father is positive

Pre-EclampsiaPre-Eclampsia

Pregnancy-induced hypertensionPregnancy-induced hypertension If the mother’s blood pressure still rises If the mother’s blood pressure still rises

during the third trimester along with weight during the third trimester along with weight gain, then it is often referred to as Pre-gain, then it is often referred to as Pre-eclampsiaeclampsia

The Birth ProcessThe Birth Process

How to Tell when Labor Is How to Tell when Labor Is ApproachingApproaching  

ContractionsLower back pain Premenstrual crampsWater breaks Mucous discharge Cervix is dilating

True Labor Vs. False LaborTrue Labor Vs. False LaborContractionsContractions

regular intervals regular intervals and get closer and get closer togethertogether

continue despite continue despite movementmovement

felt in the back then felt in the back then to the front to the front

irregular and do not irregular and do not get closer togetherget closer together

may stop when you may stop when you walk or restwalk or rest

felt in the abdomenfelt in the abdomen

What Happens During LaborWhat Happens During Labor

Stage 1Stage 1 The cervix thins out The cervix thins out Stage usually lasts several hoursStage usually lasts several hours

– Early labor- 0 to 3 centimeters dilatedEarly labor- 0 to 3 centimeters dilated– Active labor -3 to 4 centimeters dilated Active labor -3 to 4 centimeters dilated

contractions more intense and frequent and contractions more intense and frequent and the cervix dilates fasterthe cervix dilates faster

By the end of the first stage, the cervix will By the end of the first stage, the cervix will have fully dilated to 10 centimetershave fully dilated to 10 centimeters

Stage 2Stage 2

The mother starts to pushThe mother starts to push Labor may last 2 or 3 hours Labor may last 2 or 3 hours Depending on several factors:Depending on several factors:

-position of the baby's head -position of the baby's head

-size of the baby -size of the baby

-size of birth canal-size of birth canal

End of stage: Birth End of stage: Birth

Stage 3Stage 3

The placenta, or afterbirth, comes out of the The placenta, or afterbirth, comes out of the uterus through the birth canaluterus through the birth canal

Usually happens within 30 minutes after the Usually happens within 30 minutes after the birth of the babybirth of the baby

EpisiotomyEpisiotomy

Baby’s head appearsBaby’s head appears Perineum stretches and may tearPerineum stretches and may tear To prevent tearing, doctor makes a small To prevent tearing, doctor makes a small

incision to enlarge vaginal openingincision to enlarge vaginal opening

Breech presentationBreech presentation The baby's bottom or legs are positioned to The baby's bottom or legs are positioned to

enter the birth canal instead of the headenter the birth canal instead of the head The extent of the risk depends to a great extent The extent of the risk depends to a great extent

on the type of breech presentation, of which on the type of breech presentation, of which there are threethere are three

Forceps deliveryForceps delivery Required if:Required if:

– umbilical dropped down in umbilical dropped down in front of the baby into the birth front of the baby into the birth canal canal

– baby is too large to passbaby is too large to pass– baby shows signs of stress baby shows signs of stress – mother too exhausted to pushmother too exhausted to push

Vacuum-assisted birthVacuum-assisted birth Used after the cervix is Used after the cervix is

fully dilated and the head fully dilated and the head of the fetus has begun to of the fetus has begun to descend through the pelvisdescend through the pelvis

Creates suction that gently Creates suction that gently pulls on the cup to ease pulls on the cup to ease the baby down the birth the baby down the birth canalcanal

Cesarean sectionsCesarean sections

C-sectionC-section Incisions are made through a woman's Incisions are made through a woman's

abdomen and uterusabdomen and uterus Performed when abnormal conditions Performed when abnormal conditions

complicate laborcomplicate labor Difficult labor, is common reason for Difficult labor, is common reason for

performing a c-sectionperforming a c-section

Resources Resources

MedicaidMedicaid

Medicaid is the state and federal partnership that Medicaid is the state and federal partnership that provides health coverage for selected categories provides health coverage for selected categories of people with low incomes. Its purpose is to of people with low incomes. Its purpose is to improve the health of people who might otherwise improve the health of people who might otherwise go without medical care for themselves and their go without medical care for themselves and their children. (AHCA 2006)children. (AHCA 2006)

Medicaid provides coverage for newborns and Medicaid provides coverage for newborns and mothersmothers

WIC WIC

Provide food at no costProvide food at no cost Nutrition education counselingNutrition education counseling Breastfeeding supportBreastfeeding support Referrals to healthcare, immunizations, and Referrals to healthcare, immunizations, and

community servicescommunity services

How to Apply?How to Apply?

Contact your local health departmentContact your local health department They will set up an appointment with you to They will set up an appointment with you to

see if you and your family are eligiblesee if you and your family are eligible http://http://

www.doh.state.fl.us/family/wic/Documents/wic_outwww.doh.state.fl.us/family/wic/Documents/wic_out_eng_3-05.pdf_eng_3-05.pdf

Food StampsFood Stamps

The Food Stamp Program helps low-income The Food Stamp Program helps low-income households to buy nutritious foodhouseholds to buy nutritious food

EligibilityEligibility

Must live in FloridaMust live in Florida Must be a US citizenMust be a US citizen Work at least 20 hrs a weekWork at least 20 hrs a week Meet Income requirementsMeet Income requirements

What can you buy with Food What can you buy with Food Stamps?Stamps?

Food stamp benefits can only be used for Food stamp benefits can only be used for food and for plants and seeds to grow food food and for plants and seeds to grow food for your household to eatfor your household to eat

How to apply?How to apply?

Now you can apply online by visiting:Now you can apply online by visiting: http://http://www.myflorida.com/accessfloridawww.myflorida.com/accessflorida//