the best linux distribution

www.credativ.comcredativ 2016

The Best Linux Distribution

Michael

Meskes


• Free Software since 1993

• Linux since 1994

• Debian GNU/Linux since 1995

• PostgreSQL since 1998

Michael

Meskes


Michael

Meskes


• 1992 – 1996 Ph.D.

• 1996 – 1998 Project Manager

• 1998 – 2000 Branch Manager

• Since 2000 President

Michael

Meskes


FOSS Specialists

Complete Stack

Supported

All MajorOpen Source

Projects

• Over 60 employees on staff• Europe, North America, Asia• Open Source Software Support and Services

• Support: break/fix, advanced administration, monitoring

• Consulting: selection, migration, implementation, integration, upgrade, performance, high availability, virtualization

• Development: enhancement, bug-fix, integration, backport, packaging

● Operating, Hosting, Training


The

Beginning

© Venusianer@German Wikipedia

mailto:Venusianer@German


The

Beginning

2nd Try

©Gisle Hannemyr ©linuxmag.com


Going

Back

In

Time

Nothing is stronger than an idea whose time has come.

Victor Hugo

On résiste à l'invasion des armées; on ne résiste pas à l'invasion des idées.

One withstands the invasion of armies; one does not withstand the invasion of ideas.


©Ilya Schurov

The

Beginning

3rd Try

Fellow Linuxers,This is just to announce the imminent completion of a

brand-new Linux release, which I’m calling the DebianLinux Release. [. . . ]

Ian A Murdock, 16/08/1993comp.os.linux.development


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The

Current

Team


©Aigars Mahinovs

The

Current

Team


Debian

-

The

Project

Debian Constitution(1998)

Structures and rules of a Free-Software-compatible democracy

Goal: Create the best, Free operating system.

Debian Social Contract with the Free Software community (1997)

* 100% Free Sotware* Don’t hide problems* Give back* Priorities: Users & Free Software

Debian Free Software Guidelines (1997)

Base of the Open Source Definition

Helps decide what is part of Debian


Debian

Free

Software

Guidelines

License

● must allow free redistribution

● must include source code

● must allow modifications and derived works

● must not discriminate against person or groups

● must not discriminate against fields of endeavor

● must be distributable

● must not be specific to Debian

● must not restrict other software


Debian

-

Packages

Jessie

Source Binary

Main 20,626 248,089

Contrib 134 905

Non-free 281 1151


Debian

-

Releases


Architectures

-

Old and New

-

Big and Small

(c) Bill Bertram


Debian

-

Official

Ports

amd64: x86-64 architecture with 64-bit userland and supporting 32-bit software

arm64: ARMv8-A architecture

armel: Little-endian ARM architecture (ARMv4T instruction set)

armhf: ARM hard-float architecture (ARMv7 instruction set)

i386: IA-32 architecture with 32-bit userland, compatible with x86-64 machines

mips: Big-endian MIPS architecture

mipsel: Little-endian MIPS architecture

powerpc: PowerPC architecture

ppc64el: Little-endian PowerPC64 supporting POWER7+ and POWER8 CPUs

s390x: z/Architecture with 64-bit userland


Debian

-

Unofficial

Ports

alpha: DEC Alpha architecture

hppa: HP PA-RISC architecture

hurd-i386: GNU Hurd kernel on IA-32 architecture

kfreebsd-amd64: Kernel of FreeBSD on x86-64 architecture

kfreebsd-i386: Kernel of FreeBSD on IA-32 architecture

m68k: Motorola 68k architecture on Amiga, Atari, Macintosh and VME systems

powerpcspe: PowerPCSPE architecture

ppc64: PowerPC64 architecture supporting 64-bit PowerPC CPUs with VMX

sh4: Hitachi SuperH architecture

sparc64: Sun SPARC architecture with 64-bit userland

x32: x32 ABI userland for x86-64


Debian

Is

Special

#1

● Package maintainers are software experts

● Package maintainers make decisions about their packages

● Policy defines packaging

● Automated testing

● Automated building

● All packages are equal

● Release if and when software is ready

● Users involved in all steps

Culture of technical excellenceStefano Zacchiroli (DPL, 2010)


Open

Security

Filter

E-Mail

Gateway

Location 1 - Firewall Location 2 - Firewall

Internet

Entry 1 Entry 2 Entry 1 Entry 2

Node 1 Node 2 Node ... Node n Node 1 Node 2 Node ... Node n

E-Mail Server E-Mail Server

Management / Logging / RBL

Management / Logging / RBL


Age

Of

Debian

Developers


Keeping

The

Quality

Up

● Check Debian's philosophy

● Verify identity

● Check skills and experience

● Test knowledge about Debian

● Check free time and commitment

● Long and strict process

New Maintainer Process


Debian

Is

Special

#2

● Firm principles everyone bound by the Social Contract

● Promoting the “culture of Free Software” since 1993

● Free from the bottom up

● Community awareness

● Users trust Debian not to betray software freedom

● Set a high bar for software freedom advocates

● All communication and information is open

Free and Open


Openness

Is

Important

© Infrogmation of New Orleans


No

Hidden

Secrets


Debian

Is

Special

#3

● No company making the decisions

● Donations are welcome in form of money & hardware

● Debian is paid by nobody

● Nobody is paid by Debian

● People trust Debian choices not to be “profit-driven”

● We are free to make the best technical decisions

Independence


Software

Development

Waterfall

Model


Debian

Is

Special

#4

Do-Ocracy and Democracy

An individual Developer may make any technical or nontechnical decision with regard to their own work;

[ Debian Constitution, §3.3.1.1 ]

Each decision in the Project is made by one or more of the following:1. The Developers, by way of General Resolution […] [ Debian Constitution, §2 ]

Reputation Follows Work No Benevolent DictatorNo Oligarchy

No Imposed Decisions


DPL

Project Secretary Tech. Committee Delegates

Debian Developers Teams

User

Debian

Project

Structure


Debian

Is

Special

#5

Tight interaction with other communities

Free SoftwareGolden Rules

Give Backtriage/forward bug report

push changes

Give Creditattribute & advertiserecognize & thank

Debian = DownstreamPackaging

Bug Aggregation

Debian = Upstream348 Derivatives

IntermediarySoftware Packages


Software

in the

Public

Interest

US 501(c)(3) non-profit organization to help organizations create and distribute open hardware and software

Anyone is eligible to apply for membership, and contributing membership is available to those who participate actively in the free software community.

SPI was originally created to allow the Debian Project to accept donations. It now acts as a fiscal sponsor to many free and open source projects.


Why

Should

I

Care?

YES!● A mixture of pretty rare features

● Important to a lot of FOSS communities

● Free Software is better served by

Collaboration

Help is always welcomehttps://www.debian.org/devel/join/index.en.html


The Best Linux Distribution

Michael

Meskes

the best linux distribution

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