The Biennial Report

OF THE

Board of Geological Survey

OF THE

State of Washington

FOR THE TERM 1917-1919

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OLTKPJA, WASH.

J'RANK Ill, LAIIIBORN ~ PUBLIC PRINTER

1919

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

To the Legislature of the State of Wa..shington:

The Board of Geological Survey transmits herewith its biennial report for the term 1917-19, as required by statute.

Olympia, December 22, 1918.

Respectfully submitted,

ERNEST LISTER, President,

Loms F. HART, Vice Presiclent.

W. W. SHERMAN, Secretary,

HENRY SUZZALLO,

ERNEST 0. HOLLAND.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Page General Purposes of Surveys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Topographic Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Hydrometric Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Geological Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Principal Features of State Laws Providing for Surveys. . . . . . . 8

Report for 1917-1919................... .............. .. 9 Organization .............................. : . . . . . . . 9 Topographic Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Hydrometric Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Gaging Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 10 Cascade Power Reports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Geological Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Investigations of War Minerals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Mineral Survey of Stevens County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Soil Survey of Spokane County ...... .. ........... 16 The Sand and Gravel Deposits of Washington Suitable

for Road Building.......................... 16 The Coal Fields of Southwestern Washington. . . . . . . 16 The Country about Camp Lewis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 A Geographical Dictionary of Washington. . . . . . .. . . . 1 7 Mineral Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Office Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Financial Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 Appropriations Requested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Topographic Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 Hydrometric Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Geological Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Uncompleted Reports ................ ·.. . . . . . . . . . 21 Soil Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Surveys of Metal Mining Districts................. 21 Report on Mineral Industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Topographical Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22. Geological Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Publications 23

BIENNIAL REPORT OF THE BOARD OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GENERAL PURPOSES OF SURVEYS.

TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYS.

The Topographic Map.-A topographic map is designed to represent the form and slope of the surface of the land and the elevation of all points above sea level. The positions of streams, lakes and ponds, public and private roads, towns and railroads, are shown in their correct relative positions. The map indicates boundaries of counties and the position of section lines wherever there have been land surveys. In the ma.king of the necessary surveys for such maps permanent marks, consisting of iron posts, copper bolts or tablets, are set at fre­quent intervals to mark the exact elevation above sea level to serve as datum points for further spirit level work, for engineering investigation, and for such public works as canals, water supply, railway and other public or private sur­veys.

The topographic map is made with such accuracy and in such detail that it ts· useful to almost every citizen. In a new state that is inviting immigra­tion, the map is valuable in order to show the location of desirable farm lands and the general character of the country. From it the positions of streams and Jakes may be seen and the possibilities of these for purposes of water power or irrigation may be largely determined. The topographic map facilitates the con­struction of railroads and wagon roads, since upon it available routes and grades may be laid out without the preliminary surveys ordinarily necessary for im­provements of this kind. In our public schools such a map is indispensable in that it places before the children truthful maps of our commonwealth, instead of those that are glaringly inaccurate.

In the making of topographic maps the areas selected for survey are defined by lines of latitude and longitude and are called quadrangles. Each quadrangle, and the topographic map which represents its features, is designated by the name of the most prominent place or topographic feature included within it. The scale generally used in map construction is about two miles to the inch, and on this scale the area embraced in a quadrangle is about eight hundred square miles. In Washington, the topographic map when completed will com­prise, In round numbers, ninety sheets, complete and fractional, of which about forty have already been surveyed.

HYDROMETRIC SURVEYS.

Hydrometrlc surveys furnish a basis for determining the water resources of the state. They are essential to indicate the supply of water suitable for do­mestic and industrial purposes, for comprehensive development of power and irrigation projects, for nav-igatlon and flood prevention, and .for wise and equit­able sanitary regulation. The water supply is of more importance to the life and pursuits of the people than any other natural resource, as the health and economic development of every community a~e directly dependent upon the character and volume of the available supply.

6 B oard of Geological Survey

Our water resources are unlike the other mineral resources in that they are continually existent. Our coal beds and mineral lodes are exhausted when mined and placed upon the market, but the water supply is constantly renewed. Therefore, failure to put water into beneficial use is an economic Joss, for the energy and utility does not serve the needs of civilization effectively prior to hydraulic development.

When estimates and designs for hydraulic development are made, all es­sential physical details, except stream flow, can be determined within a relatively short time. The amount of water available and its seasonal distribution can be ascertained only by a study of stream flow records extending over a series of years. Many irrigation and power projects have falled on account of being placed in operation without an adequate lrnowledge of stream flow. Others de­signed upon the basis of short time records have levied an enormous toll upon the public through high rates made necessary by unexpected seasonal vari~ tion in flow. The run-off for streams in Washington is extremely irregular, especially in respect to minimum flow which is most Important in considering operation of any project.

Comparative run-off values are shown in the following table:

COMPARATIVE R UN-OFF OF SO;uJ,J S'l'REA.HS XN STATE.

Run-Off In Second Feet per Square Mlle !or

Year Ending September 30, 191'7

STREAM AND LOCATION Minimum Calendar Average

Month tor Year

Baker RJver near Oonerete......................... . .. .. .. .. .. . . .. ... .. .. .. . . . .. S.48 Qulnault River near Qulnault. . ... . ... . . ... . .... . .. .. . .... .... . . .. ... .. .. .. . . .. . 2.29 Skagit River at Sedro Woolley.................... . .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . Loo Puyallup River &t Puyallup............................................ . ........ 1.43 Yakima. River at Ole Elum..................................................... 0.77 Spokane Blver at Spokane...................................................... 0.52 Pend Oreille or Olark Fork at Metaline Falls............... .. ................ 0.35 Colwnbia River at Priest Rapids............................................... 0.31 Metbow River at Pateros.. . ............................................... . .... 0.20 Snake River at Rlparl&.......... ... . . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . 0.18

10.40 7.44 ~.22 3.97 i.12 2.07 1.27 1.34 0.79 0.63

The foregoing indicates that Baker River yields 19 times as much water per unit of area for the minimum calendar month and 16.5 times as much for the year as Snake River.

Aside from the design and operation of irrigation and power projects, stream flow records are vitalJy essential In considering means of preventing damage from floods. Occasionally "Chinook" winds accompanied by heavy rains melt the snow in the mountains, causing disastrous floods in the lowlands.

A serious flood of this kind occurred December, · 1917. Fortunately data were obtained at .a large number of gaging stations from which ma.'timum 1low was computed. Similar floods are reported for 1896, 1897, 1906, and 1909. Few gaging stations were in operation during the early floods but information has been collected for estimating flood discharge o! a number of rivers during those years by using the high flow computed for December, 1917, as a basis.

Hydrometric surveys cover ~o fields o! investigation, the surface supply and the underground supply. The surface supply furnishes by !ar the greatest volume of water and is readily accessible in the various rivers and creeks.

The Biennial Report 7

Gaging stations are maintained along principal streams of the state for de­termining the daily flow throughout a series of years. Daily records are pub­lished and are used extensively in designing hydraulic works of all kinds.

The successful operation of irrigation projects has demonstrated enormous agricultural possibilities in eastern Washington. A vast acreage in central eastern Washington is susceptible of irrigation and is capable of doubling or trebling the present agricultural products of the state. Comprehensive plans for development should be devised whereby arid regions will gradually be con­vex'ted into producing farms.

The state will ultimately be benefited greatly through hydro-electric devel­opment because it ranks first among the states in the Union in respect to esti­mated potential water power.• One. transcontinental railway is installing electrical equipment to provide motive power for over 200 miles of its main line within the state and another has used electrical energy for operating trains thro-qgh a Cascade Range tunnel for a number of years. It seems certain that all railways in the state will be electrified and that combined advantage of large natural resources in raw materials and cheap electrical power will eventually insure Washington predominance in industrial activity.

Water power possibilities are being investigated as rapidly as possible. The records of flow indicate water supply. River profiles or level lines along the principal power streams indicate the fall, dam sites, reservoir sites, and other pertinent data. An analysis of the information is being made in a series of seven reports on the water powers of the Cascade Range, three -0f which are published. These reports summarize the most reliable information obtainable and will greatly encourage hydro-electric enterprise.

Investigation of underground water supplies is equally as important as in the case of surface waters. This work includes a determination of the areas that are underlaid by water-bearing strata, of the depths at which these strata occur, and of the amount and quality of water that may be obtained. A knowl­edge of the existence of water-bearing strata is very necessary, not alone for the purpose of irrigation, but in some parts of Washington settlement is well-nigh impossible because not even enough water for domestic purposes has as yet been obtained.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS.

Geological surveys have been organized in nearly all the states of the Union, and in some of the older states they have been continuously active for over fifty years. In most states they are regular departments of the state government, and receive definite financial support in the way given to every other bureau or department._ They are usually in charge of a board of three or five men, who direct the work of the survey, and who are responsible for its management.

The general purpose of a geological survey is to disclose and make known the nilileral resoui·ces of a state. Under such heading would naturally come the metalliferous deposits, coal fields, iron ores, building stones, soils, clay beds, road materials, water power, and kindred subjects. The field work of a survey con-

• A report of the Commissioner of Corporations for March 14, 19IZ, pp. 55-56, summarizes the potential water power in each state. Washington is credited with a "minimum" potential water power of more than a million horsepower greater than for any other state. The three states having the greatest "mini- · mum" potential water power are a .s follows: Washington, 4,932,000 horsepower; California, 3,424,000 horsepower ; and Oregon, 3,148,000 hors~power.

8 Boa,1·d of Geological Survey

sists in mapping accurately the locations of all such valuable products as those just mentioned, and determining the areal extent and quantity of each. Th& of­fice work consists of careful tests and analyses of all samples collected in the field, and the preparation of reports which describe fully the mineral resources under investigation. The reports and maps when published are valuable alike to the citizens of the state and to outside capitalists and investors. Surveys ex­amine and test those minerals, ores and rocl<s that are but little known and determine whether or not they are of economic value. They also suggest ways of preventing waste in mining operations, and assist in all ways to conserve the naturnl resources. Surveys are potent factors in maldng available valuable information regarding the mineral resources of the state, which knowledge may be utilized by the poorest citizen as wen as the wealthiest corporation.

PRINCIPAL FEATURES OF STATE LA.WS PROVIDING FOR SURVEYS.

The Jaw establishing a state geological survey was passed by the legisla­ture at the session of 1901. As set forth in the various sections of the Jaw, the principal objects of the measure are as follows: An examination of the economic products of the state, such as gold, sliver, copper, lead, and Iron ores, as well as building stones, clays, coal, and all mineral sub~tances of value; a.n. examination of the soils, road-buHding material, water supplies, artesian wells, water power, etc.; an examination of the physical features of the state with reference to their practical bearing upon the occupations of the people; the preparation of special geographic and economic maps to illustrate the re­sources of the state; and the publication from time to time of the results of the work of the survey in repo1-ts and bulletins, and the dissemination of these among the people.

At the session of 1908 the legislature amended the above law, by providing for cooperative work betwee11 the federal and the state bureaus engaged in geological survey work. The amendment authorized the state board of geolog­ical survey to make provisions for topographic, geologic, and hydrometric sur­veys of the state, in cooperation with the United States geolQgical survey, in such manner as would be of the greatest benefit to the agricultural, industrial and geological requirements · of the state. The amendment carried a proviso that the director of the United States Geological Survey should agree to expend on the part of the United States upon such surveys a sum equal to that expended by the state.

At the session of the legislature for 1909 the work of the state geological survey was provided for by a law having these provisions:

Section 1. In order to complete the topographlc map of the State of Washing­ton, and for the purpose ot making more extensive stream measurements, and otherwise Investigating and determining the water supply of the state, ~here is hereby appropriated the sum of. thirty thousand dollars ($30,000), for coopera.tion with those branches of the United States Geological Survey engaged in this work. This app1·opriatlon, however, shall be contingent upon, and not become available unless the United States government apportion an equal amount to be expended tor similar purposes wilh.l.n the state. The board of geological survey Is hereby authorized and directed to enter into such agreements with the director ot the United States Geological Survey as will Insure tha.t the said surveys and in­vestigations be ca.rrled on in the most economical manner, and that the maps and data be a.va.llable for the use of the public as quickly as possible.

Sec. 2. In order to enable the board of geological survey to ca.rry on in­vestigations authorized by law, there Is hereby appropria,ted the sum ot twenty

The Biennial Report 9

thousand dollars ($20,000) for the use of said board In the geological and other investigations provided for Jn chapter 165 of the Session Laws of the State of Washington for 1901, and as amended Ln chapter 157 of the Session Laws of 1903.

Sec. 3. In order to carry out the purposes of this act, all persons employed hereunder are authorized to enter and cross all lands within the state: Provided,

· That In so doing no damage Is done to private property. Sec. 4. The sum of fifty thousand dollars ($60,000) herein appropriated for

the purposes specified in this act shall be available In the following manner: One-half during the first twelve months after this act takes effect, and the un­-expended balance during the second twelve mon~hs after this act takes effect.

REPORT FOR 1917-19. ORGANIZATION.

The State Board of Geological Survey consists of the following members: Governor Ernest Lister, President; Lieutenant GoYernor Louis F. Hart, Vice­President; State Treasurer W. W, Sherman, Secretary; President Henry Suzzallo, ~f the State University; and President Ernest 0. Holland, of the State College. The State Geologist is Professor Henry Lan.des, who has his office at University Station, Seattle. In the cooperative work with the United States Geological Survey the Director of that organization Is 1·epresented by George R. Davis, Geographer in Charge, Northwestern Division, and Glen L. Parker, District Engineer, 406 Federal Building, Tacoma.

TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYS.

The accompanying progress map Indicates the location of the quadrangles surveyed during this biennium, as well as from 1909 to 1917. Since the former date the cost of making the topographic surveys has been shared equally by the State Geological Survey and the United States Geological Survey, although the cost of printing and engraving is entirely assumed by the latter organiza­tion. In selecting quadrangles for survey it has been the general policy to choose those areas where the demand for the maps is very great and where they are most likely to be used in the development of the state.

During the field seasons of 1917 a.nd 1918 the areas to be topographically surveyed and mapped were chosen by the United States Department of War. The quadrangles selected embraced strategic localities, thus· far unsurveyed, which were of importance for the purposes of defense in time of war. Six fifteen­minute quadrangles were entirely surveyed, as follows: Samish Lake, Van Zandt, Wickersham, Port Angeles, Port Crescent, ancl Crescent Lake.

Copies of all engraved topographic maps may be purchased of the United States Geological Survey, Washington, D. C., at ten cent!; each, or at six cents each in lots of one hundred or more.

HYDROMETRIC SURVEYS.

The water resources of the state have been investigated jointly by the fed­eral and state surveys, each party contributing equal sums. The work is di­rected from a district office of the federal Survey, located in the Federal Building at Tacoma. In addition the federal Survey maintains taging stations on Indian reserves, the cost of which is borne by the United States Office of Indian Affairs. It also cooperates with the United States Reclamation Service, and the United States Forest Service In collecting and publishing stream flow data. The funds for carrying on stream gaging work are not sufficient to meet the

10 Board of Geological Survey

I

demand for such work, so that power companies, irrigation districts, cities, and individuals have contributed services of employees, instruments, material, equipment, and other help. The cost of bydrometric work carried on in the state during the present biennium is shown in the following table, the value of all services and other assistance rendered by cooperating parties being esti­mated when not known definitely:

ESTWAT ED COST OF ,vA'l'ER. RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS I N T I.I.E STA!rE FOR THE BJENNIDi\I ENDING MARCH 31, 1010.

State Boat·d of Geological Survey ..................... . ............... . United States Geological Survey, gaging streams, power re-

ports and publishing water supply papers............... $15,780 United States Office of Indian Affairs........................ 6,580 United States Reclamation Service . ......... . , ........ . ..... 6,200 United States Forest Service................................ 1,090 District Office ren t furnished In Federal Building, at Tacoma.. 1,800 Combined Federal ........... . .. . .. ....... . ......... . ...... · .......... . Power companies, lrrigatien districts, municipalities and Individuals . . .

Total. ..... .............. .................................... .

$14,000

31,450 12,800

$58,250

Cooperation with the British Columbia Hydrometric Survey was continued. Gaging stations are maintained jointly on Pend Oreille River or Clark Fork at Metaline Falls and on Columbia River at Trail, B. C. Joint activity is pro­posed in establishing and maintaining gaging stations on all important streams crossing the international boundary between Washington and British Columbia.

The chief object of hydrometric surveys is to obtain accurate information regarding the amount of water that can be depended upon for irrigation and for power purposes. All of the water that can be secured by storage that is tributary to arid Washington will soon be needed for irrigation. The rapid industrial development of western Washington demands increasing use of the available water power. The detailed investigations have been along two lines, viz.: establishment and maintenance of gaging stations, and a series of reports summarizing power possibilities of the Cascade Range.

Gaging .Statir,ns.-As shown on the progress map, gaging stations have been maintained upon the principal streams of the state. Measurements of flow are made frequently and daily records indicating heigb.t of water on substantially set gages are kept by local observers or by means of several types of water stage recorders driven by clock mechanism, which give continuous recorci of water elevations. Measurements of flow and gage height records form the basis of computing average amount of water flowing each day of the year. The discharge of any stream varies considerably from day to day, season to season, and year to year, so that records for a series of years are necessary for properly designing hydraulic works. 1'he records are particularly important during low water periods which occur on some streams in the early fall and on others in mid-winter. Stream gaging results were obtained at 97 gaging stations during the biennium, of which 44 are equipped with. automatic recording instruments. A description of each gaging station, results of measure­ments, computed daily discharge and summary of monthly discharge are pub­lished annually by the United States Geological Survey in water supply papers. A sample of data published is given below for the year ending September 30, 1918_

The Biennial Report 11

PEND OREll.LE RIVER, OR CLARK FORK, AT METALINE FALLS, WASH.

Location.-In SE. JA;, Sec. 21, T. 39 N., R. 43 E .• about three-eighths mile above Metaline Falls, opposite town of Metaline Falls, in Pend Oreille County, 11 miles above the international boundary. Elevation 1,970 feet.

Drainage ..4.rea.-25,600 square mlies (measured on General Land' Office maps).

Records ..4.vailable.-At Priest River, Idaho, June 26, 1903, to April 30, 1905. At Newport, Washington, June 26, 1903, to December 31, 1910. At Metaline Falls, Washington, November 4, 1908, to September 4, 1910 (gage heights only; data insufficient for determination of discharge); October 1, J.912, to September 30, 1918.

Gage.-Vertical and inclined sta.tr, in five sections, reading from O to 55 feet, on right banl,, three-eighths mile above the falls; installed December 10, 1916. Previous gages at Metaline Falls as f-0H-0ws: November 4, 1908, to September 4, 1910, on right banlr abOut three-fourths mile above the falls; October 1 to December 27, 1912, on right bank just be-low Sullivan Creek, 500 feet above the falls; January 16, 1913, to January 24, 1914, at same site but at different datum; January 25 to February 2, 1914, temporary ·gage at different datum; February 12, 1914, to December 9, 19.16, vertical and inclined staff, in five sections, reading from O to 54 feet, on right bank 500 feet above the falls and at dtlferent datum. All readings from October l, 1912, to February 2, 1914, reduced to datum of gage installed February 12, 1914. Gage read by M. C. Helmer, W. A. Snure, and C. N. West.

Discharge Mea.sure11ients.-Made from cable three-eighths mile above the falls. Flow of Sullivan Creek added to flow measured at cable.

Channel and Oontrol.-Banks high and not subject to overflow. Sensitive and practically permanent control formed by Metaline Falls, where water surface drops 20 feet in a distance of 1,200 feet.

Extrenies of Discha1·ge.--;-tMaximum stage recorded during 'year, 31.55 feet June 24 (discharge, 99,100 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, ·2.98 feet November 26 ( discharge, 9,040 second-feet).

1903-1910 and 1912-1918: Maximum stage recorded, 21.7 feet, at Newport, Washington, June 16-19, 1908 (discharge, 155,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 41.12 feet, at Priest River, Idaho, January 13, 1905 (discharge, 5,700 second-feet).

lce.-Stage-discharge relation not aJfected by ice.

Diversions.-Numerous small diversions from upper tributaries for ir­rigation .

.accuracy.-Stage-discharge relation for low and medium stages changed January 6, 1918, when slide occurred. Rating curve used before and after the change well defined. Gage read to half-tenths once daily. N-0 diurnal fluctua­tion. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating table. Records for the year excellent.

Oooperation.-Station maintalned 1n cooperation with British Columbia Hydrometric Survey. Gage.height record furnished by Hugh L. Cooper Company.

12 Board of Geological Survey

DISCHARGE llDllA.SUREllIENTS OF PEND OREILLE ~IVER, OR CLARK FORK, AT METALINE FALLS, WASH., DURlNG TBE YEAR ENDING

SEJ"rElllBElt 30, 1918.

Date Made by

M ay 2 May• July 1 July 2

. R. B. Kilgore . ... ............... ................. ......... .. .......... . R. B. Kilgore ..... . ..... .. ....... ......... ... ............. ............ . L. D. Oarsoo ......................................................... . L. D. Cal'SOD .... , ..... . ..... , ........... , ............................ ,

Gage Dlscbarge H eight

Feet

18.80 19.611 29.25 28.7~

Sec.-Ft.

,13,400 46,300 89,800 85,600

DA.ILY DISCHARGE, LV SECOND-FEET, OF PEND OREILLE RIYER, OR CLARK FORK, AT METALINE FALLS, WASH,, FOR THE

YEAR ENDING SEP'l'El\CBER 30, 1u1s.

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. I May Jone Joly Aug. Sept.

1 . ... 11,700 9,800 9,210 24,700 23,200 17,000 21,400 41,900 63,600 88,100 28,800 16,800 2 .... 11,700 9,800 9,070 28,600 21,900 17,000 22,800 43,100 62,700 85,800 28,100 16,600 3 .... 11,500 9,950 9,070 32,200 21,000 16,800 23,600 44,100 61,800 82,900 26,200 16,200 , .... 11,700 9,950 9,070 35,100 20,400 16,400 23,900 46,400 61 ,400 79,200 25,700 15,800 5 .... 11,700 9,950 9,070 36,800 20,200 15,800 24,100 47,800 G0,900 76,800 25,600 15,500 6 .•.. 11,700 9,800 0,210 88,500 20,000 15,800 24,100 60,800 60,400 74,500 25,000 15,100 7 .... 11,500 9,650 9,210 86,000 20,200 15,500 24,600 54,400 60,900 71,300 24 ,600 14,800 8 .... 11,600 9,650 9,210 37,100 19,800 15,500 24,800 58,200 60,900 68,600 23,900 14,600 9 .... 11,500 9,650 9,210 36,800 20,200 15,500 25,200 62,700 62,'TOO 65,800 23,200 H ,200

10 .. .. 11,400 9,650 9,210 37,400 20,200 15,300 25,500 65,400 ~.ooo 63,200 22,500 H ,000 11 .... 11,200 9,650 9,210 36,800 20,400 15,100 25,700 67,200 66,300 60,000 22,300 13.700 12 .... 11,200 9,650 9,210 36,600 20,400 15,100 26,400 68,600 69,500 58,200 22,100 18,500 18 .... U,200 9,650 9,850 35,500 20,600 14,900 27,4.00 69,900 73,600 55,700 21,600 18,300 14. .... U,200 9,650 9,350 84,600 20,200 15,100 28,400 69,900 78,200 53,600 21,200 18,000 15 .... 10,900 9,650 9,350 83,300 20,600 15,100 29,300 71,800 81,100 51,600 21,000 12.800 ]6 .... 10,900 9,650 9,500 32,800 20·,200 15,100 30,000 71,800 84,800 50,000 20,200 12,700 17 .... 10,600 9,350 9,650 82,800 20,000 14,900 31,800 72,7J)O 88,600 47,500 19,800 12,500 18 . . .. 10,600 9 , 350 9,960 31,800 19,800 15,100 82,000, 73,600 92,4.00 4-5, 700 10,400 12.200 19 .... 10,400 9,210 10,100 30,800 10,400 15,300 32,800 74,500 94,800 40,000 19,000 12,000 20 .... 10,200 9,070 10,400 80,000 18,200 15,500 33,300 75,000 96,200 {2,200 19,000 12,000 21 .... 10,200 9,070 10,000 29,300 16,200 15,100 33,300 75,500 98,200 40,600 18,800 11,800 22 ••.• 10,200 9,070 U,400 28,400 16,000 15,600 34-,100 75,500 98,200 39,100 )8,000 11,700 23.• ••• 10,100 9,070 12,400 27,900 16,800 15,600 34,600 74,500 98,600 88,000 18,400 11,500 24 .... 9,950 9,0'70 18,400 27,400 16,600 16,000 36,000 78,600 00,100 36,800 .lS,200 11,300 25 .... 9,800 9,070 14,500 26,900 16,200 16,800 36,000 72,700 98,200 35,700 18,000 11,200 26 .... 9 ,650 9,070 15,800 26,200 15,500 17,600 37,700 71,800 97,200 84,400 17,800 11,000 27 .... 9,650 9,070 16,600 26,000 16,200 18,200 88,600 70,900 96,200 33,600 17,400 11,000 28 .... 9,650 9,070 17,000 25,200 17,000 18,600 39,400 69,000 94,300 32,800 17,400 11,000 29 .... 9,650 9,070 17,000 24,600 ........ 19,400 40,300 68,100 92,800 31,500 17,000 11,000 30 .... 9,650 9,070 19,600 24,600 ........ 20,(00 41,200 66,300 90,500 30,500 17,000 11,,000 31 .... 9,800 ........ 21,500 24 ,600 ... ..... 21,000 .. .. .... 6!,500 ········ 29,800 16,600 .......

The Biennial Report 13

l\lON'THLY DISCHARGE OF :PEND ORETLLE RIVER, OR OL&RK FORK, AT METALINE FALLS, WASU., FOR THE YEAH. ENDING

SEPTE:tIBlllR 30, 1918,

MONTH DISCHARGE IN SEOOND·FEE'l' I Min.imum I ltllnimw:n I Mgan

October........................... .. ................ ... U,700 0,650 November...................... . ............... ....... 9,050 9,070 December...... ..... . .. . .. ......... .................... 21,500 9,070 Janua'l'y.. .......... .. ...... .. . ........... .. . . .. ....... 38,500 24,600 February. . ............................................ ~.200 15,500 March.............. ... . .... ... . . ................... ... 21,000 H,000 April........... .. .............................. .. ... ... H,200 21,400 May.......... .. ....................................... 76,500 41,900 June... . ...... . ................. .... ............. ...... 90,100 60,400 July............... . ... .. .............................. 88,100 29,SOO August. .. .. ....... . ...... ..... .. ........... ........... 28,800 10,SOO

10,700 9,460

11,600 31,300 19,200 16,300 30,300 64,900 80,SOO 58,000 21,100 lS,100

Run.Off (Total acre.feet)

658,000 562,000 713,000

1,920,000 1,070,000 1,000,000 1,800,000 3,000,000 4,7$0,000 3,200.000 1,300,000

780,000 September............................................. 16,800 U,000 ----!·-- --!·----1·-

The Year......... ... . ......... ...... ..... .... 99,100 0,070 00,200 21,800,000

14 Board, of Geological Survey

SUMMARY OF RECORDS OF PEND OREILLE RIVER, OR CLARK FORK, AT NEWPORT AND METALINE FALLS, WASH., FOR THE YEARS

ENDL"VG SJlIPTElllBER SO, 1003-1018.

Location.-In town .of Newport and opposite town of Metaline Falls, In Pend Oreille County.

Drainage area.-At Newport, 24,000 square miles; at Metaline Falls, 25,600 square miles .

.Records available.-At Newport, June 26, 1903, to December 31, 1910; record June 26, 1903, to April 3Q, 1905, based on recorcL of Pend Oreille River at Priest River, Idaho. At Metaline Falls, October 1, 1912, to September 30, 1918.

Winter ttow.- At Newport, river usually frozen over during December, January, and February; winter records complete 1903 to 1906 (based on record of flow at Priest River, Idaho); uncertain on account of ice 1907 to 1910. At Metaline Falls stage-discharge relation not affected by ice; winter records complete.

. DISCHARGE IN SECOND-FEET

Minimum Run-Off

Oalendnr Month (Total-'in

YEAR MaxJroum I Mean acre-feet) Day Day

I Mean Month

1903(a) ....•........ •.. (126,000) (14,300) (15,800), September ... (44,000) (8,500,000) 1903-4 ............ . .... 93,000 9,900 11,000 February ...• 30,000 ·21,800,000 1904-5 ................. 50,400 5,700 7,820 February ...• 15,300 Jl,100,000 1905-6 ................. 43,400 7,100 7,500 January ..... 16,900 12,200,000 1006-7 ................. 104,000 (b) 8,610 October ... . .• 84,600 25,000,000 1907-8 ............ . .... 155,000 (b) 7,410 February .... S0,200 21,900,000 1908-9 ................. 122,000 (b) 9,910 December .... 27,200 19,700,000 1909-10 ................ 9-1.800 9,470 10,000 September ... 29,500 21,300,000 1910-ll (a) . ............ (20,300) (8,900) (10,200) October ...... (13,800) (2,520,000) 1912-13, ............... 139,000 (C) U,100 February (d) (e) .... ii:100:000" 1013-14 ................ 70,100 7,800 10,500 F ebruary .... 24,400 1914-15 ................ 4'1,000 8,760 9,680 February . ... 21,200 15,800,000 1915-16 .......... . . .... 133,000 6,080 8,540 Jant111ry •.... 38,200 27,700,000 1916-17 ........... ..... 122,000 5,960 9,490 January ..... 82,400 . 23,400,000 1917-18 ................ 99,100 9,070 9,450 November .•. 30,200 21,800,000

Period ... .. ...... (f) 155,000 (f) 5,700 I <t> , .a20 ················ (g) 27,500 (g) 19,900,000

(a) Values lo parentheses are for a partial year. (b) l1Iln.hnum dally discharge may have occurred during winter months during which record

Is uncertain on account of fee. (c) Jlllnlmum may have occurred during break in record from December 28 to January 15. (d) Mean January 16·S1 also 11;100 second-feet. No record January 1·15. (e) Mean discharge tor year not computed as record was broken December 28 to January 15. (f) )taximum (or minimum) value during the separate periods. (g) Average of values tor tbe twelve complete years.

NOTE.-This summary Is not published in the . water·SUPPlY papers but Is !ncludfd In this report to condense the records of previous years. More detailed Information concerJJ.lng these records may be found In water-supply papers 252, 272, 292, 362, 302, 412, 442, and 462.

Cascade Power Reports.-Through cooperative arrangements with the State Board of Geological Survey in 1909, the federal Survey adopted its first com­prehensive plan for giving the public accurate data concerning water power resources. More recently similar work has been instituted in Oregon. Progress has been hampered considerably due to lack of sufficient base data and nee.d

The Biennial Report 15

of continuing stream flow observations over a series of years in order to insure dependable estimates of water supply. Surveys have been run along portions of the larger streams in the Cascade Range. Reservoir sites which appear to offer favorable storage opportunities for increasing low water flow have been surveyed and a large mass of information bearing upon feasibility of hydro-electric projects has been collected.

The scheme foIJowed in analyzing power resources of the Cascades co,n­sists of assembling estimates for a group of streams within, a relatively small section of the range. It is proposed to publish the estimates in a series of seven reports as water supply papers of the United States Geological Survey. The areas to ~e covered in the seven units are shown on the progr~ss map at­tached.

The first report is Water Supply Paper 253 and is entitled "Water Powers of the Cascade Range, Part I, Southern Washington." The power possibilities of Klickitat, White Salmon, Little White Salmon, Lewis and Toutle Rivers are summarized.

The second report is Water Supply Paper 313 and is entitled "Water Powers of the Cascade Range, Part II." The power possibilities of Cowlitz, Nisqually, Pv.yallup, White, Cedar and Green rivers are summarized. This report also includes a discussion of hydroelectric market conditions in Puget Sound region.

The third report is Water Supply Paper 369 and is entitled "Water Powers of the Cascade Range, fart III, Yakima Basin." The summaries were more difficult to compile than for any of the series on account of the necessity of taking into consideration ultimate use of stored-. water for irrigation In Yakima Valley.

The fourth report, which will be published shortly, is Water Supply Paper .486 and is entitled "Water Power of the Cascade Range, Part IV, Wenatchee and Entiat Basins." The water power resources in Wenatchee basin with and without the- proposed Quincy Valley Irrigation scheme in operation are dis­-cussed and water supply available for the Quincy project through utilizing storage in Wenatchee Lake reservoir ls shown. ·

The fifth report, not finished, will be published as Water Supply Paper 487, and will be entitled "Water Power of the Cascade Range, Part V, Chelan, Methow and Similkameen Basins."

All of the field data have been collected for the fifth unit and considerable work has been done toward compiling the data.

Practically all of the surveys have been completed for the sixth and seventh units, and most of the field reconnaissance for the sixth unit has been finished. Gaging stations are being maintained In each to determine the available water supply.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS.

Investigations of wa.r minerals. From the time of the entry of our country into the great war until the signing of the armistice, thoroughgoing investiga­tions .were made throughout the United States f.or all minerals of value for war purposes. In Washington the men employed on the Geological Survey visited nearly all parts of the state where such minera.Js had been reported or where they could probably be fo1.1nd. The principal war minerals that were sought for in Washington were manganese, chrome, tungsten, molybdenum, _platinum, and quick-silver. In order to avoid duplic!!-tlon and reduce ex-

16 Board of Geological Survey

penses the investigations were conducted in co-operation with the United States Geological Su1·vey and the United States Bureau of Mines.

MmeraZ Survey of Stevens Oounty. During the field season of 1917 a complete mineral survey of Stevens County was made by Dr. Charles E. Weaver and two assistants. A geological map of the county was made and the mineral deposits carefully Investigated and described. Besides the promising ore bodies which are now producing copper, lead, silver and gold, particular attention was given to the deposits of magnesite which are among the largest and most important to be found within the United States. The area under­laid by magnesite was mapped and an investigation made of its quantity and value.

The report upon Stevens County bas been written and is now re_ady fo1· the printer. The colored maps have been engraved and printed and the com­plete report will soon be published as Bulletin 20. The survey of Stevens. County was carried out so successfully that it Is proposed to follow this with other bulletins, using the county as a unit for similar investigations and reports.

Soil Survey of Spokane County. During the summer of 1917 a soil survey was made of Spokane County, whereby all tbe various types of soil were mapped and field-studies made upon them. The utilization of tbe different kinds ot soil was investigated and the adaptability of the soil to various crops. Thls was a continuation of the soil surveys which have been under way since 1909, whlcb are made in cooperation with the United States Bureau of Soils. In the field work in Spokane County pie State Survey was represented by A. F. Heck and E. D. Alvord of the State College. Thls report bas been written and is now in the printer's hands.

The Sand and G1·avel Deposits of WasM11,{Jton Suitable for Roaa BitiZcUng. This report was prepar~d by Dr. Morris M. Leighton, after a year spent in the field in an investigation of the available gravels and sands that are desirable for use either In road surfacing or in the making of concrete. The gravel and sand deposits of the various counties were studied, described and mapped. Careful observations were made upon those roads which had been surfaced, and samples of gravel and sand were secu,red from the pits upon which many laboratory tests were made. In all his investigations Dr. Leighton bad the most co·rdial cooperation of the State Highway Engineer and of the County En­gineers. This report is in press and will soon appear as Bulletin 22 of the survey series.

The Ooai .Fields of Southwestern Washington. This is a report by Pro­fessor H!tl'old E. Culver upon the coal fields· which are .of commercial value in Lewis, Thurston, and Cowlitz counties. It includes the bituminous coals in the eastern pa.rt of the district as well as the lignite field about Chehalis and Cen­tralia. All the coal areas were carefully mapped, their outlines determined, cross-sections were made of the individual beds of workable size, samples were taken of the commercial coals and complete analyses made. The colored and plain maps bave all been _printed and the entire report will soon be printed and dtstributed. It will be known as Bulletin 19 of the survey reports.

The Cowntr11 .a.bout Ca,TTVJ) Lewis. In the states where the .sixteen army can­tonments were located it has been the policy of the .State Geological Survey in every instance to publish bulletins descriptive .of the country about each canton-

The Biennial Report 17

ment. Soon after Camp Lewis was established Professor Morris M. Leighton was given the task of preparing a bulletin which would contain an account or the general geology, geographical environment, climatic conditions, native vege­tation, history and other topics which might be of interest to the men of the cantonment. A chapter was · also devoted to problems of war fare and the ad­vantages and disadvantages of Camp Lewis and Western Washington for defense in case of an invasion by an enemy. Thls report bas been printed and dis· tributed as Bulletin 18.

A Geographical Dictionarv of Washington. This was published some months ag-0 as Bulletin 17, and is a general reference book for the state for mat­ters pertaining mainly to topography but partly to geology as well. It contains tables giving all elevations that have been accurately determined, the latitude and longitude of the towns and cities, tables of climatic data, and a discussion of the forests, the drainage and the physical features of the state. It also con­tains a gazetteer of Washington, with a list of reliable reference maps.

•

MINERAL P RODUCTION OF \VASHINO'l'ON FROi1I 1907 'J'O 1016, INCLUSIVE (n).

NON-METALLIO PRODUOTS

1907 1908

Coal....................... $7,679,801 $6,690,412 Olay products....... . ..... l,9'21,934 2,104,289 Portland cement ........ . . (b) 214,600 (b) 396,000 Granite........ . ........... 662,852 870,944

1900

$9,158,999 3,060,486

767,195 742,878

1910

$9,764,465 3,023,854 1,031,704

642,992

1911

$8,17(,170 2,861,758 l ,496,807 1,845,551

1912

$8,042,871 2,888,870 2,012,785

809,201 Basalt ..................................... ............... . ............................................... . Sandstone................. 295,585 464,587 335,470 438,581 301,843 344,476 Limestone......... .. ...... 62,817 31,660 38,269 86,186 32,478 20,870 Marble ........... .... ............ . .............................. .. ........... . ............ .. ..... . .... . .. . Lime....................... 238,1;68 228,353 282,628 267,785 228,933 234,882

~r:ei:~11~~t~~s::::: :: :: : : : · .. · · ·io:sio · · · · · · ·ia:650 · · ·· · · ·ii;9ss" · · · · · · ·i2;iiii · · · · · · 'i(oo, · · ·· · · ·i,; ;;;,2 · Sand and gravel... ... .. . . 179,800 261,531 4213,425 481,569 319,760 345,289 Dia tomaceous earth ................. . ............. · I ·.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . ........... .

Totals .••.......•.... J $11,165,677 I $11,061,426 I $14,825,308 I $15,699,657 ! $H,775,954 I $14,216,236

METALLIC PRODUO'!'S

Gold .......... ............. $262,300 $258,700 $862,051 Sliver ...................... 55,400 46,400 H,SS4 Copper .......... . ... . . . ... 24,453 21,411 33,167 Lead ....................... 29,786 82,844 12,4U

Totals ......•...•... . ~1,939 $354,855 $448,966

Grand Totals . •. ...•• $11,537,616 $11,415,781 $15,274,274

(al Compiled from Mineral Resources U. S. Geological Survey. (b) ApJ)roxlmnte production . (c) Heretofore Included In granite totals.

I • 1

$788,145 t847,677 $680,964 110,886 129,204 254,326 11,038 80,776 179,19'2 58,J&) 88,186 5,732

$968,249 $1,056,017 $1,120,21(

!$16,667,906 $15,631,971 $15,336,450

1018

$9,243,137 2,870,226 2,653,260

140,279 (c) 622,915

560,468 62,918

1914

$6,751,511 1,809,401 1,870,078

72,079 1,008,042

450,486 10;585

1915

$5,276,299' 1,460,051 1,790,499

260,688 1,452,869

33,710 ll,550

· · · · · zio;i68· l · · · · iis;o.·ci T ·· · · iso;i.oo ·

·· ···Jr:r1·····~tm·1·----~H:tf ............... ............ U,515

1916

$6,907,428 6,251

2,245,027 90,52o

754,881 27,791 80,888

150 166,653

5,862 9.476

387,337 10,700

s16,507,081 I $12,564,572 I ,10,112.624 I $10,641,869

I '

$695,275 $557,173 $391,oll9 $577,655 200,068 146,468 129,709 220,510 147,888 103,571 178,662 650,675

8,909 2,550 13,8'75 372,550

$1,053,135 ~.767 $713,665 $1,821,390

$17,660,216 $18,374,339 $11,426,289 $12,463,259

~

0:, 0

~ ~

0 --~ <:1:> C -0 ~

[

t ~

~

The Biennial Report 19

Mineral Resources.-The State Geological Survey, since 1911, has cooperated with the United States Geological Survey in the collection of statistics regard­ing the mineral production of Washington. It is a matter of great importance to the state that such statistics be secured covering accurately the entire min­eral output, because of the bearing this must have upon the establishment of industrial enterprises. The accompanying table gives a summary of the prin­cipal mineral products of Washington for the ten-year period from 1908 to 1917, inclusive. Whlle the production is already large, and constantly growing, it ls capable of a very much greater extension when the economic minerals are in· vestigated and ma.de better known.

The statistics covering the mineral resources of the state should be pub­lished annually. The report for 1912, lmown as "Bulletin 11," gives a description of the principal localities where difl'.erent mineral products are obtained, with a list of producers and a statement covering the output. This bulletin was accompanied by an outline map of the state wherein, by a system of symbols and colors, all varieties of mineral products w·ere shown in the localities where they are obtained. In the continuation of this plan Bulletin 21 is about ready for the printer, giving an account of the mineral production in all parts of the state, with statistics in detail for 1917. The map in colors to accompany this bulletin has already been engraved and printed and is now ready for distri-~~- .

Office Work.-The office work of the Geological Survey becomes increasingly heavy from year to year. Constant inquiries come to the affice in regard to the mineral resources of every portion of the state. Prospective settlers and others are very desirous of accurate information regarding the climatic and soil ,con­ditions of those regions in which they may plan to make their homes. Manu­facturers are desirous before coming to Washington of knowing the nature of the fuel supply and the variety of crude materials of a mineral character which may be obtained for manufacturing purposes. On the whole the worlc of the State Geological Survey is carried on at a minimum of expense because a very large part of the work, especially the office work, is done by men who do not receive any compensation for that purpose out of the funds of the Survey. '

FINANCIAL STATEMENT. TOPOGRAPHIC AND HYDROMETRIC SURVEYS.

U. S. Geological Survey:

Allotment for cooperation 1917-19 ............. . ................. . Expenditures to November 30, 1918 .............................. .

Balance on December 1, 1918 ..•..............................

State Geological Survey:

AppTopriatlon for cooperation 1917-19 .................. . ..••..... Expenditures to Novembe1· 30, 1918 ................••.............

Balance on December 1, 1918 ................................ .

GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS. Investigations and Surveys:

$36,000 00 29,191 32

$5,808 68

$35,000 00 26,371 01

$8,628 99

Appropriation for 1917-19. . .............. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $5,700 00 Expenditures to November 30, 1918... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,614 27

Balance on December 1, 1918................................. $85 73

20 Boa-rd of Geological Survey

Supplies, Materials and Service:

Appropriation for 1917-19. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $7,400 00 Expenditures to November 30. 1918.................. . ............ 3,268 63

Balance on December l, 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $4,l 32 47

Salaries and Wages:

Appropriation tor 1917-19.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $6,900 00 Expenditures to November 30, 1918.. ............... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,304 22

Balance on December 1, 1918......... .. . .. .... ...... ........ $1,595 78

RECOMMENDATIONS. APPROPRIATIONS REQUESTED.

For topographic and hydrometrlc surveys (conditioned upon a similar

sum being expended In the state by the United States Geological Survey) ......................................................... .

For Geological Surveys .................... ....... ....... ..... ....... .

TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYS .

$35,000 Z0,000

. For some Ume the greatest demand for topographic surveys has come from the arid and semi-arid regions <>f the state where the land may be put to its greatest use only by irrigation, and where topographic maps are invaluable for engineering work of thls character. Such maps are also requested in those portions of Washington where the country is being rapidly settled, and in cer· tain mountainous areas where large water-power projects are under considera­tion. Urgent requests are now on file for topographic surveys of Asotin, Eaton· vme, Fort Simcoe, Othello, Olympia, Pomeroy, Sultan and Yalt!ma quadrangles. In preparation for large irrigation projects now contemplated in central Wash­ington topographic maps should at once be made of Adams, Franklin, Grant a..nd Lincoln counties.

In the past eight years level lines or profiles have been run along all the streams of the Cascade Mountains, except the three forks of the Nooksalt River. This has been done as a necessary part of the problem of determlning with accuracy the total hydro-ell!ctric power of the rivers of the Cascades. In the next biennium the Nooksak River should be surveyed, and river profiles begun on the streams of the Olympic Mountains. When the latter are completed it will then be possible to publish detailed reports on the water power resources of the entire state.

HYDROMETRIC SURVEYS.

As indicated on the progress map accompanying this report, gaging stations are maintained on a large number of the rivers wh~re information Is. very necessary as to the total amount of water available for municipal supplies, irri­gation and power. The number of stations should be increased rather than diminished. Each added year of gaging at any station makes the records that much more valuable. The demand for accurate information regarding our water resources grows stronger with each biennium. It is recommended that the usual appropriation for tws work be made so that cooperation with the Federal Government may be continued.

The Biennial Report 21

GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS.

The sum of twenty thousand dollars, the same amount as appropriated by tlie legislature of 1909, 1911, 1913 and 1917, is requested for geological surveys, in order that certain lines of work now under way may be completed and some important new work undertaken.

Uncompleted Reports. The close of ea.ch biennium will always find a num­ber of investigations and surveys partially completed, and additional time and money will be necessary in order to complete and publish the reports. Bulletin 20, on the mineral resources of Stevens County, is ready for the printer but not enough money is available under the present appropriation to run it through the press. It can be printed and distributed whenever the new appropriati-On is available. The field work has been completed, and the manuscript partly pre­pared, for a report upon the coal fields of Whatcom and Skagit counties. A large amount of valuable information regarding deposits of minerals of economic value is about ready to be issued in printed form.

Soil Surveys ....... rn past years soil surveys have been made of nearly all the logged-off lands of western Washington, besides similar surveys and reports upon the Quincy Valley country, Stevens, Spokane and Franklin counties, in eastern Washington. In all soil surveys cooperation has been afforded by the United States Bureau of Soils, the Federal Bureau usually assuming about three-fl.fths of the expense of the field worlt besides all the cost of printing The reports of the soil surveys bave been in large demand from the agricul­turists, commercial bodies, prospective settlers, county assessors, and all others who desire to lmow the facts about the soil conditions in various parts of the state. At the present time requests are on file for soil surveys In various sec­tions of Washington where this work has not been done.

Surveys of Metal Mining Districts.-In addition to the detailed surveys al­ready made of the best known districts, there are many requests for reconnais­sance surveys of the scattered mining sections, whereby the varieties of bed­rock, the important minerals, and the character of the ore deposits may be determined and described. For the next biennium s11rveys of the mining districts in Ferry, Pend Oreille and Okanogan counties should be made. Such sur­veys are of very great service to tbe mining men who are giving their time and money to the development of one of the state's resources. It is of great value to thei miner, as well as to the investor, and to the state at large, that the truth in regard to the quality and quantity of the ore bodi~s should be made known.

Report on Mineral Industries.-Any information bearing upon the production of different minerals in different counties and other 1>ortions of the state ls always in much demand. It seems necessary to keep this information in· such form that it may be given out regularly and be revised as often as desirable. At least once a year reports and maps should be issued which set fortb the lo· calities where different mineral products may be obtained, along with the names of all producers, and with a~curate statistics in regard to the output of each particular mineral concerned. Such Information Is very greatly desired by man­ufacturers and others who have occasion to use in any way whatsoever those minerals that are of economic importance.

22 Board of Geological Survey

Topographical Map.-There is constant inquiry for a ma1> which will show by a system of cont<>Urs, or by a serles of lines, the elevations of various por­tions of the state. By utilizing the base map which has already been preps.re~. and by compiling the data regarding elevations throughout the sta.te, it will be possible to prepare a map which wi)l give the information most needed. Such a map should be printed in colors, the blaclc referring to culture, the blue giving the water bodies, and a series of brown shades or tints which will give the variation in elevation from sea level to the tops of the highest mountains.

Geological Mop.-More requests have come for a geological map or the state than for any ,other one thing. With th~ base map now available it is desirable that the boundaries of the different geological formations should be entered thereon and a complete geological map of the state be prepared as early as pos­sible. This bas been very generally done by other states and Washington will be one of the last to prepare such a map. The cost of preparation of such a map is not excessive, and its value to our ci.tizens gene1·ally would repay the cost many fold.

PUBLIOATIONS OF THE

WASHINGTON GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

ADDRESS

STATE LIBRARIAN OLYMPIA, WASHINGTON

Volume 1.- A:nnual Report for 1901. Part 1, Creation of the State Geological Survey, and An Outline of the Geology of Washington, by Henry Landes; part 2, The Metalliferous Resources of Washington, Except Iron, by Henry Landes, William S. Thyng, D. A. Lyon and Milnor Roberts; part 3, The Non-Metalliferous Resources of Washington, Except Coal, by Henry Landes; part 4, The Iron Ores of .Was:Wngton, by S. Shedd, and the 'Coal Deposits of Washington, by Henry Landes; part 5, The Water Resources of Washington, by H. G. Byers, 0-. A. Ruddy and R. E. Hetne; part 6, Bibli­ography of the Literature Referring to the ' Geology of Washington, by Ralph Arnold. Out of print.

Volume 2.-Annual .Report for 1902. Part 1, The Building and Orna­mental Stones of Washington, by S. Shedd; part 2, The Coal Deposits of Washington, by Henry Landes and C. A. Ruddy. Out of print.

Bulletin 1 .-Geology and Ore Deposits of Republic Mining District, by .Joseph B. Umpleby. Bound in cloth; price 35 cents.

Bulletin 2.-The Road Materials of Washington, by Henry Landes. Bound in cloth; price, 60 cents.

Bulletin 3.-The Coal Fields of King County, by Geo. W. Evans. Bound in cloth; price, 7 5 cents.

Bulletin 4.- The Cement Materials of Washington, by S. Shedd. Bound in cloth; price, 75 cents. Paper cover; price, 40 cents.

Bulletin 5.-Geology and Ore Deposits of the' Myers Creek and Oroville­Nighthawk Districts, by Joseph B. Umpleby. Bound in cloth; price, 50 cents.

Bulletin 6.-Geology and Ore Deposits of the Blewett Mining District, by Charles E. Weaver. Bound In cloth; price, 50 cents.

Bulletin 7.-Geology and Ore Deposits of the Index Mining District, by Charles E. Weaver. Bound in cloth; price, 50 cents.

Bulletin 8 .-Glaciation of the Puget Sound Region, by J. Harlen Bretz. 13ound in cloth; price, 60 cents. Paper cover; price, 35 cents.

Bulletin 9.- The Coal Fields of Kittitas County, by E. J. Saunders. Paper cover; price, 40 cents.

Bulletin 10.-The Coal Fields of Pierce County, by Joseph Daniels. Bound in cloth; price, 60 cents. Paper cover; price, 40 cents.

Bulletin 11.-The Mineral Resources of Washington, with Statistics for 1912, by Henry Landes. Paper cover; 1>rice, 25 cents.

24 Board of Geological Survey ,

Bulletin i2.- Bibliography of Washington Geology and Geography, by Gretchen O'Donnell. Paper cover; price, 25 cents.

Bulletin 18.- The Tertiary Formations of Western Washington, by Charles E. Weaver. Paper cover; price, 40 cents.

Bulletin 14.-The Quincy Valley Irrigation Project, by Henry Landes, A. W. Mangum, H. K. Benson, E. J. Saunders, and Joseph Jacobs. Paper cover; price, 2 0 cents. Out of print.

Bulletin 15.-A preliminary Report on the Tertiary Paleontology of Western Washington, by Chas. E. Weaver. Paper cover; price, 20 cents.

Bulletin 16.-Geology and Ore Deposits of the Covada Mining District, by Charles E. Weaver. Paper cover; price, 25 cents.

Bulletin 17.-A Geographic Dictionary of Washington, by Henry Landes. Paper cover; price, 7 5 cents.

Bulletin 18.-The Country About Camp Lewis, by Morris M. Leighton. Paper cover; price, 50 cents.

Bulletin 19.-The Coal Fields of Southwestern Washington, by Harold E. Culver. Paper cover; price~ 75 ce;nts. In press.

Bulletin 20.-The Mineral Resources of Stevens County, by Charles E. Weaver. Paper cover; price, one dollar. In press.

Bulletin 21.- The Mineral Resources of Washington, with Statistics for 1917, by Henry Landes. Paper cover; price, 60 cents. In preparation.

Bulletin 22.-The Sand and Gravel Deposits of. W11,shington Suit~ble for Road Building, by Morris M. Leighton. Paper cover; price, 75 cents.

PUBLICATIONS OF THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, IN CO­OPERATION WITH THE WASHINGTON

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

(For copies of these publications address the Director, U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. Water-Supply papers may also be obtained, upon :request: from the U. S. Geological Survey district office, 406 Federal Build­ing, Tacoma, Washington.)

Topographic Maps of the Following Quadrangles.

Arlington, Beverly, Cedar Lake, Chehalis, Connell, Coyote Rapids, Ho­quiam, Lake Crescent, Malaga, Moses Lake, Mount Vernon, Ocosta, Pasco, Port Angeles, Port Crescent, Priest Rapids, Prosser, Quincy, Red Rock, Samish Lake, Van Zandt, Walla Walla, Wallula, Wenatchee, Wickersham, Winchester.

Power Reports.

Water-Supply Paper No. 263; Water Powers of the Cascade Range, Part I, Southern Washington.

Water-Supply Paper No. 313: Water Powers of the Cascade Range, Part II. Southwestern Washington, Puget Sound Region.

Water-Supply Pa.per No. 369: Water Powers of the Cascade Range. Part III, Yakima basin.

Water-Supply Paper No. 48~: Water Powers of the Cascade Range, Part IV, Wenatchee and Entiat basins. In preparation.

The Biennial Report 25

Water-Supply Paper No. 487: Water Powers ot the Cascade Range, Part V, Chelan, Methow and Simllkameen basins. In preparation.

Water-Supply Paper No. 488: Water Powers of the Cascade Range, Part VI, Snoqualmie, Skykomish, and Stllaguamish basins. In preparation.

River Profiles.

Water-Supply Paper No. 346: Proflle Surveys or C'lark Fork of Col-umbla River.

Water-Supply Paper No. 366: Profile Surveys of Snoqualmie, Sultan and Skykomish rivers.

Water-Supply Paper No. 368: Profile Surveys of Wenatchee River and tributaries.

Water-Supply Paper No. 376: Profile Surveys, Chelan and Methow basins.

Water-Supply Paper No. 377: Profile Surveys, Spokane and John Day basins.

Water-Supply Paper No. 419: Profile Surveys In Skagit River Basin.

Annu al Stream-Flow Reports.

Water-Supply Paper No. 272: Surface Water Supply of the United States, North Pacific Coast, 1909.

Water-Supply Paper No. 292: States. North Pacific Coast, 1910.

Water-Supply Paper No. 312: States, North Pacific Coast, 1911.

Water-Supply Paper No. 3 3 2: States, North Pacific Coast,, 1912.

Water-Supply Paper No. 340: water resources 1885-1913.

Water-Supply Paper No. 362: States, North Pac!Oc Coast, 1913.

Surface Water Su'pply of the United

Surface Water Supply of the United

Surface Water Supply Of the United

' Gaging stations and publications on

Surtace Water Supply of the United

Water-Supply Papers Nos. 392, 393, and 394: Surtace Water Supply of the United States, North Pacific Coast, 1914.

Water-Supply Papers Nos. 412, 413, and 414: Surface Water Supply of the United States, North Pacific Coast, 1915.

Water-Supply Papers Nos. 4 4 2, 44 3, and 444: Surface Water Supply of the United States, North Pacific Coast, 1916. Government Printing Office.

Water-Supply Papers Nos. 462, 463, and 464: Surface Water Supply of the United States, North Pacific Coast, 1917. Completed for publication.

Water-Supply Papers Nos. 482, 483, and 484: Surface Water Supply ot the United States, North Pacific Coast, 1918. In preparation.

Qualitative Re1>ort.

(Principally in cooperation with State Board of Health.)

Water-Supply Paper No. 339: Quality of Surtace Waters of Wash­ington.

26 Board of Geological Survey

PUBLICATIONS OF THE U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, BUREAU OF SOILS, IN COOPERATION WITH THE

WASHINGTON GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

(For copies of these publications address on_e of the members of congress from Washington.)

Reconnoissance Soil Survey of the Eastern Part of Puget Sound Basin. Reconnoissance Soil Survey of the Western and Southern Parts of the

Puget Sound Basin. Reconnoissance Soil Survey of Southwestern Washington. Reconnoissance Soil Survey of the Quincy Area. Reconnoissance Soil Survey of Stevens County. Reconnoissance Soil Survey of Franklin County. Reconnoissance Soil Survey of Spokane County . . In press.

Q Quadrangles 5L.rve:12d by U S .Geo/C9icol Survey.

~ Quadrangles surveyed under co-operotm during 1909-19.

• Locations of rock deposits tested for use in road building .

0

•

Gagrrg Srot,ons for stream measurements

Areas co-..ered ~ Water Po'w'er Reports .

Locations of materials tested for making cement .

. ) /

/

PROGRESS MAP

WASHINGTON GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 1909 - 1919

0 Completed Surve'J5 o( Cool rteld5.

~ Meta/ Mining Districts. IJJ Sod St.rve_ys.

!ii State Ou:::irr1es located for Rood Bu1ldrn9.

T . 11 N.

T- 10 N.

T-9 N .

46·oo ,:,y· 119'30' R,27 E. ••GR,W<D 191& ~ U , $ . 6.S.

A}I RB Marshall.Chief Geographer ,..,;;>· T G Gerdine.Geographer in charRe

,._"I? Topography by U"S Reclamat,on1>ervice,H ,L McDona ld.and S G. Lunde. :,.,a- . Cont ro l bv Coa-st ar.d Geodetic Survev,U.S.Reclamation Service,

1~f' C F:Urqu~art, D.S Birl<eit ,and h .S.Cro:-e. \; Surveyed ,n 1904 and 1914.

SUAVCVtO IN COOPf.RATIOW Wint Tkt STAT~ Of WASH INC.TON.

;L

1...,,i::,•~· ==~u ..... .._.===ii::::::====::::i2'=="""""""'~3======~4eae===""=~s :Mile~

Cont.o,u.• interval 50 f'ee-t..

R.30 E .

,u.-.off'~M o r TQWN f)HIP

6 S 4 3 '2 I

7 8j 9 10 II 12

18}7 , 1! IS 14 ~ 19 20(2 L22 23 24

30 '29 28 27 26 25 -

313'2_3334 35 36

• 46'00' 119·00·

~d,tion of 1917 ••

PASCO

TllE~ rrOPO(}RAPfIIC MAf'S OF 'TI-IE UNITED ST1\TES

'l'lie Unite<l SLHtf'S l+enlo!!ical ~urvcy is u.uikin~, I pog ·ul'liit Mins of Lhe UnitC'<l h~ites 'J'his \\Ork lrn$,I been in J'l'"gl'fSS

sinef' 1882, and more than ~J8 per cl."nt of th" ar 'D 11f tl,e co1111try, e:wlwli11g 1)u tlyi n~ pos.;;e,..sions. lws no\\' liec>11 1m1 pr<·d. Tlw arens ttHtppHl ,,re wide!. dist, ihutt•d, u <'I')' $tale U"lll~ reprcsn1tecl, as !:lliO\\ H u11 tl1e pmg"e.~::. UWjJS anv111va11yi11g rad1 anuu.il l'eporl of Lite I >i1w·IM.

This a ti.is is bein~ pul,li~lwd in ~heets of l'.OH Huir•nt si;r.1-about 1 n~ by 20 inclms. 'l'l1e thul·-sided Hre.1 <.)f laud repre­senled 011 an at.hi:, 8hee1 1s hn11ndcd by parnllelt- and men,li.rns and is callc•d a q11adra1,,qlr•. Tht 11n:i,lrangles ma1,ped ~·orer 1 ° of lat,it11dt· h.\ 1 of lougittHl•", J{)' of latitude 1,y '10' of' longitucle. 1,3' of' latitude liy J 5' of louf;itudt'.', ul' ~malJt•J al'f'HH,

the size of 1 iic a1N1 ma pved d<'pentli 11g on tlw ,ca le nc:l:'cl. Bevent! S<'alt>s ;ire ernpl~n ed. The snwllt. t "~le ltrnt U'-, <l for qtwclfaugles co,·ering 1 ", is l: 2:50,'"l()() oi ·r:1T JH~1rl Y ·1 u1ile;,; to :rn inch-tlnll i~. 4 Ii1J•ar rni1,,,., m tit!! ¥J'l•nud i"' rern·ese11n·d l,3 1 lin~m· in\·11 on cla• 111~qJ. Tlll.- ..,,•ul,, ._ 11 "d for lllHJ•S of tlu· tiPR1·rt regioui-; ~utl -;ume vtl1t:r part1-i of 111• l:11

\Ve,:(. T•'ol' the gre:iler pal'l of thu 1•ou11tTy, whi(•h is 11·1ppet1 by tptadl'..tllglei:t eove1 iri~ ;{Q'. a lal'ger c;palti, 1: 12.:;,nno) ~)l'

ahuut ~ fllilt'~ t11 un ineli i~ ..:1111 io-' ··11. A t.ill la er ."("1lP.

l:62.,>00. or Hhollt a 11,ile io :in ir."11, iti l1~e<1 /(11 •1n, dr:m:!lri; t!1>rering 1 r,', t!;C' 11nit. ~1>l1·<·Led f'nr mappi11~ il1: kly ..,f'tth•d or iudnstrially impnrt,,ul arPai-:. .\ ti,urt.h scale. 1 :;, · .fXd, 01· or.e-11alf' 111ile to a11 i,wlt. is 1·111plo,v1 d for lll:t}J"' ti .11 • 1,· to ht ll'lcd iu t·o1111c,·tio11 ,, illt irrigation or {'r;iirug-e awl a f \\ mapa < f mining distrids are Jiul,lishcd ,iu Ht.ill 1.nger sNil,·~.

A topogniplii(· s111·,·ey of Ala$lrn Ju,s !teen in p,o..:-ress ~in·~-18!18 and ne;1d~ :m per c·r11t nf i~ eutirc }tfe,~ h:1a now h1·e!I mappNL 0,11 .... tJ1inl uf die ,ire~ 11 appl·d, 01· iO pe1 Put of tlu.• TeJTif or~·, has l 1et•11 t·o v{)r~d uuly hy r1.:<'.0H11:i1&,;.1 Jh • w1)rk

1 ti.ft

results Of' wJ1i1•h hH\€ \1e1•IJ 11Hlppt•d 1111 H .;ra)e of HhtJ1ll lfJ milPS . I 'f'l . J 'l I . . I • I t,; au rnc l. It' 1llap~ ul n(·,n·) ''I [. It-' 1·t:i11HII\Ul" t;,,vn ,w1r,.s

of rhe smveyed :1rea Jwve \1Peu puldishcd 1m it !-:..:hi<' of I :2JO,U00, or c1lio11! 4 111ih•s to <111 in<"h. Tltl"se nJ;tp~: 1ne lut·Qt·, f_aeh repres,•11ti11g :1° of btilude by 4° of ltmgit11,h·. 1\ fe v nrehs tl111t are uf el"or10111ic imporrn11c·e. :1gg1tp.iltlP,'· al,nut a,ooo sq wire 1uilei::;, l1a\'e bt!en s111·,·1•,\1

('{[ iu g.reawr tltt iii lllJ(J

1uapped cm a c.;('ale of I :H2.:mn. ur 11liout a tl'ih. to an i11d:. A suney of tliro Hawaiwn hland::; wus l,ef{nn in 1 l-11 ll awl

tbe resulting,- maps arf' bL1i11~ publislw<l 011 ~I St"llc or· I. 6'! .. ,ou fhe foaturei.:; sJ1°''11 on tl1e.r,ie atlai; slierr 01· 1,rnpi-. 111· J bl·

cla8sed in thrC'e p;rou pB- ( I \ main, iw lmHng :::e: f!, iak1,s 1·1 H'rs.

caual:s, swamps. and otl,cr bodieR ,1f watol', 1~) ,·rli.rJ: iii lu l­ing mountains. hills, ,·alJ.,ys, rnd oLlwr Plernti<mi; ·md dr!,r"s­

sions; (3) t•1dl11,·t (workH of man),. sm·h H;:, IO\\W,, 1·ilics. i·t ad-.·. railrwul<;, ~ud boundaries. Th, C'OD\eutionaJ sig11B ui;t'd for Lhese features are shown lwlow, witli exph1wti0Hs. Vari:dil)11s

appear 011 so111e t•flrlier mapi,.

Dom

",237

L__ 11 +-t+ [ _ I l l

P1 ·vu,,· t1·

S'\.'\•lldt )·\ l• •d •

C, 110 l lL·•~l,; IT:S.h•wm_,l~J nud lru.1v.t ~P ~h,.-v11,1 I Sf\:( uro }n•P·r\

W•~l lu ntc1l (•U/llCl">-

1 -1 I fc""' . -tl L

r BM.

- I • l:\en~b n1a.l'k. l bll1e1-,•1ie~

1~1::o~-:::;;r.:·:u~t,::~,t'' i ,r,-e,.• .-.10,,,,a 1,,11~"\rh!'I /

llnt·• L..S hut (1l.l:nir1guiY11,td. n,,

7-rnw/ hr''/"" J

REUEF (pl'i1,/P1J 111 /, · /1 I

I 1Ppi,•so.,ioo (•n111.v1n •

All \\'Htt>r t~!11n.~ ,rn p1iui.ed in 1,/,u, Ow s111,,llcr Str,,11ms and t':ln:ds i11 foll h111e Jrn--: •mil tl t. laq.n Rur, a111-;, lah,. :ind tl1c> se:, in hint• watm·-li 11 in~. t 11tcm1 it te11 L st!'MI •1is-thr•se \',J108<' l ('els ar" tli,r ;11 le,U tlu ·t· n1011tli:, in UH· year-H1·e $huwtt h.) Iin<>~ oi' dot::; autl da.;11(•..,,

Relief is sh,,,\ 1 i,.,. i1:n1t 1,v liuu, i11 IJ1·1J11'11. A ('(1n101,1· on tlic ground pa'lst~ tl1rougl1 point~ tliat have tl11· &Urn.' ·1ltitlllh·. On<> wl,o followi:; a •·on tour ,dll go neither nphill rior de.,wnhill hut ou a le,·eL Tl"' ,•pntonr lH1es <Ill I b~· 11w1, l'!l1ow n1H 0111,r ihe shape.s uf the hi11 1 n11>unt;ti11s, ,11111 v,dl1··y1: lrni ·dsv 1,hPir P.l•>\·,11j1,us The li,w (,r 11,e ~u;, •(•fl4l, ils1 l! j. ' I tJlJL,,m· lim·, tlw datum 01· zcn, of elt:'VHt,on bci11g mc•:rn i::i:h lc,ci. Tltl' c.:011to11r a1, say, :m f:,e1 aho,e i::Pn leq:I would h,• t!te ~hoe liue

if the sea were lo 1·ise or thP lc111d to ~iuk ~(J foC't. On a i;,:nt!e :-!opp this M 11w11r is J';.,r frc-'U IIJe pl'{:~<~111 ('(1,1 ·t: tu, a st,,ep Slupe it lt-. Uelcll' the <:0,t 'I ,vt1t•1P SUl.'.Cl:':-si \'C' c•n1,fQUl' lin.:.s .ire fa1· ap"1't on 1lii• 111·1p 11<'.f iudi~ai(l a g,,-.,1itlc ~l"J,e, ,,Jwre t]u~.v i:ll'e doPr t(•g1;tl1 r tl1e\' i11di(•;J.tP. i .::.teo1, 1:dt1pc·: iw,] \\lie1·c

they run to~etlwr i11 om~ liu 0 tliet; i11,li1•a!P . ~·hff. The manuer in wl,i1•h cn111om· line~ express :1'Lit1idt; tun 1,

aud grn<le is shown in the Hgl'fe btilow.

The sketd1 n·1n·e.~P.m, ·1 1 i q~1 \', Ile., \.Jct\1 ""'11 two 1, ills. l n tl1,, t'ot,jgrou11tl ii,; ii t• ... 0u, ,, itl1 ., :m\ th.,1 i • p:1r!ly inelo~t".d Ii) a lwoke,l s:111d 1,ar. ( )p e:t· h ~:d • 11' d1,.. '\':;IIE-,Y is a l.<'!l'l'aC'<'

into wJ1iC'l1 small streuin;; ha.\e l.'Ul n; ,, ·ow gn,lieo. 'fhl': bill ,m tl1e right !ms a l'Ouudt·d flt1111rnil 11 J ;.. n l) I ,piug s1,u1-..: sepa­raLed by 1·aviu~. Tl 11 .. .,pur::i a1c tn11 r·atcd m rlu.; 1 lo\H'l' £:mlc

'1'1•,11) • I' path

- ==---===o=-- -_

C ULT L,RE (prin1t!<l in lilack)

TiJ ........ m·u , .. ,1J.-x,,11t

--- -ltt•i>,akWtt.lC1' n11•lj1•,IJ• s

t3 a 1-· •a cliff. Tl1e hiJI on die left termim1tes alirnptly at tli valley in R steep ~wal'p. It, slopes gradually back away fro111 lhe t-cai:p a11d fot·m:,; an jnclined rnble-lancl, wuich is traversed by a few shallow gnllies. ()11 tl:e map ead1 of' tlwse fi•,ut.mes i, inaw,1ted, ,Iirecf.ly bP.uCHth it;:; posilion in che rtketch by <·ontour li1H•d.

'fl11• r.:onto11 r j nterva I, or the vt:ni-.>tiJ cbstan<'e in feet bet.ween one ,·ouLom· all(l the next. i~ stat{•d :1 ! t.bc bottom of e:td1 map. 'l'hi,:; iuwnril differs acr,>rdiug; to lhe c·h~u·il.t~ter of rhe arPa 111a11pNl · in R ffot <'Ountry it 11rny 1,e aR sm1.1Jl as f, feet; in a nHmut3ino11s regivn it m~v l.w 25t) foet. (:r,rtain c<mtom lines

• J

<·Y<·r,r fom·t li 01 fl fth one, u:·tc m1.1Jc hl?:i vier than the ot ht>rs and ~ire a1·l·o111µ,rnied l1y figmes ~tilting eleration abc•ye sen. level. 'l'l1c; IJ,,igh~s of mart) poiuts, such ~s roacl ,m·ncr"S, s\nH­

rnit~. su1fol'es of lakes. irnd hcnd1 n1arks, are HL..,o gi,·en on the n•·tp in fig11 1·es, which P.:<q,rcss the lllerntio11i:i to Llie ue.arest font only. .M<JJ·P exact tle., af ious of hE:nd1 nuu·ks. as well as gi,•o,1etici co01dinutes of' lrt:rngulation ~taliorn,, are puhlisltcd iu hulle1ins isc,1wd ln- th~ Ge(llogi, al Survr•y. A h11IJP.ti11 per­h:1ini11g :o Hu., StaU• 11wy 1,e li:1,J ou ,!pplieuliou.

Tlt\} work.:i of 1u:m flt" shown in blar•k, ii1 wiiicli c()IOr aJl lt11 ;in:! uho ·~ prin1 ·tl Pn111•dtn·i ~, l-'UCh .1..:: thoi,~ ofaf-;lat.e,

• H 1ly, ii r, 11111" • r '\I, 10\\ tlship Ir n::-.e1 \il1iou ar~ sllowu bJ ,·,;11trnuoi:c ,., ltro 1 ,•11 i1, ,. <Jit\e, •11t kiuil.-. ~ttr<I weigh1s. P1d1lic 1 nd t11nu/.!h 1•m 1. ·tn, s l 10"11 hy line cinu l1le lints; p1n:1t<· uni p,· r toad· I) t.l:. ·,l. ! dot1Lfo lines; ti·H 0 ls by dashed i fl :--J " '11!(\f:.

l•'.1el1 quarlr111gl1 w:1pp0 1 ~,11· tJ11 1opo~raphil· :-itiaH is d(•sig-11.m 1,y the m1i1 t• < f I JJJ'ITl ·ipttl town or of som•• promin<•nf n1-1 l i {b u1 e , ,td rnnglc, ,l.ntl o 1 tlll 1,1nrgins of

fhP lll'if!-l :.m .. ' 1 lll H' : ruPB of 11djoin1.11g qu<uh.wgles for ,,hil'h :i,1·10. ~tu L h.t\ lH, n J.H.1 ,!: ht·d or are in pt\•paration. l'be •,llefll.., l' ~ult! ~ l {J ,., 11 ts md1 in lots of les.~ thnn 50 'Oplt-!-! OJ 'l (> t'fllts Prtl'J1 iu Jot~ of fit) Or lllOl'e COpir,a. ~helher .f' ll1t ~HJ t i ll of tbfff tf'nr ~lH>l'ts.

l liA iopo_r, phi,· 1111111 Hi tin· ' .. 1~(· llJJ whi,·h the geofo~y and i.i,e: · ttt 1 I rt - •u1·<·<:I" of: qu11d1·a •1glt1 arc 'eJH~f'nted, ll1e maps sh o \ i11g l1eM, fo:.t a re~ b~·i ng J\ltt 11d I ugr-l hf'er, wit II ,l <1£>sc:, i ptiou ol' lltto qu.adn111~!e, to forn1 a folio of th" ()eologic Atlas of the (11111.ed Stnten Ui1,·1dun:, ,:ih11\\ i11g 1>) inrlex 1ttaps the puL­fohcd n,110:~ntphic uli:1s ~u ,'le1S aud g~ologi,• folio1:1 co\'eriug an) ~ta1e 01· r+,gion will bo s1·ut fre<:> ou application.

\.1,,,li.:ations for ruar ... nr foli >i- i;;l1011ltl he aceompanied by <~ish- Urn ex&tt amoun t--o · I, y pos1-officf' n1om·y Ol'der ( not pni-'h:ge stamp.). a1,,1 ~hc.,n1d lip ;11l dre~E1Pcl to-

TfJE l >IBECT< >R. {]1,.ifml Rt.a.le.~ f..Jeo!cJ1f ieal 8m·vey.

W11~/1.iu9ton, D. C.

.T:mmiry H)l 5 .

1 ·, ,11111v liw I hil l,.w1t~h .. 1,, H··· \'\':WI 1J

01·dist.ti,•1 li,1• Ii te I t.il.il ~t

lia<·

J -- - -1 <':it. \'llh:~ (•l' s .. :;:.u 1:tu•l, IH' T11E<n:.,nili.,1.1u11 :;miiwt'<tl Ilm111J:o.1.'\· hOJ <mgh l!l)H ,•,,J11r•'tc1:1 ]JUI Ul Ill i1L1tU~ .l\l.Oll~tllll• J.l Ul(IJ1lru1r•1it

M'i w> :u flt'( SJ lt"I quw L: \

LJ1u·1.n1iu. 11t tru •

WOODS

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