the big blue marble taking a closer look. standards in middle grades concept 1: structure of the...
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The Big Blue Marble
Taking a Closer Look
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Standards in Middle Grades
• Concept 1: Structure of the Earth• Describe the composition and interactions between the
structure of the Earth and its atmosphere.
• Concept 2: Earth’s Processes and Systems• Understand the processes acting on the Earth and their
interaction with the Earth systems.
• Concept 3: Earth in the Solar System• Understand the relationships of the Earth and other
objects in the solar system.
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Standards for High School
• Concept 1: Geochemical Cycles• Analyze the interactions between the Earth’s structures,
atmosphere, and geochemical cycles.
• Concept 2: Energy in the Earth System (Both Internal and External)
• Understand the relationships between the Earth’s land masses, oceans, and atmosphere.
• Concept 3: Origin and Evolution of the Earth System• Analyze the factors used to explain the history and
evolution of the Earth.
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Vital Statistics
• Earth is OLD (4.5 billion years old)
• The Earth is continually changing
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Alfred Wegner
• 1912 proposed the Theory of Continental Drift (via Centripetal force).
• Evidence: fossils, rock age, continental boundaries.
• Prevalent Theories at the time: Land Bridges, “Contraction Theory”
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Mini investigation
• So what did “Pangaea look like?”
• Using the continent maps with fossil indicators, how might Wegner’s Pangaea have looked?
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Pangaea
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Plate Motion
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Plate discovery
Volcanoes
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Plate discovery
Earthquakes
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Delayed support
• 1929 Arthur Holmes discovers mantle convection.
• 1960 mantle convention accepted as the mechanism driving plate tectonics.
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Earth’s Interior
EpicenterP waves felt …
(travel through both solid/liquid)
S waves felt … (travel through liquid
only)
A A, B, C, D, E, F A, B, D, E
B A, B, C, D, E, F A, B, C, E
C A, B, C, D, E, F B, C, F
D A, B, C, D, E, F A, D, E, F
E A, B, C, D, E, F A, B, D, E
F A, B, C, D, E, F C, D, F
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Earth’s Interior
• Crust (solid)
• Mantle(“plastic”)
• Outer Core (liquid)
• Inner Core (solid)
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Its actually a bit more complicated….
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4 ideas behind Plate Tectonics
• The Earth's surface is covered by a series of crustal plates.
• The ocean floors are continually moving, spreading from the center, sinking at the edges, and being regenerated.
• Convection currents beneath the plates move the crustal plates in different directions.
• The source of heat driving the convection currents is radioactivity deep in the Earths mantle.
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Boundary Interactions
• Convergent • Divergent • Transform
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Plate Boundaries
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Landforms
• All of earth’s landforms are a function of the interaction between the crust, the mantle, and the atmosphere.– Continent vs. Continent– Continent vs. Ocean– Ocean vs. Ocean
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3 “Types” Rocks
• It is the process that determines the “type” of rock, so rocks can be linked to areas and give us information about past geologic activity.– Igneous– Metamorphic– Sedimentary