the bim/gsl operational energy and carbon reporting framework
TRANSCRIPT
The BIM/GSL Operational Energy and Carbon Reporting Framework
Dr Roderic BunnConsultant, WMEboom
for
Produced by
Dr Roderic Bunn, WMEboom
• Building performance analyst – specialising in energy analysis and occupant surveys of non-domestic buildings
• Associate consultant at WMEboom
• External lecturer for UCL Bartlett IEDE Masters modules
• Author of CIBSE TM62 (2020): Operational Performance, Surveying Occupant Satisfaction
• Co-originator of the Soft Landings Framework and supporting guidance
• Soft Landings training and project support
Two phases of work
1. Phase 1 Identification of construction process data-drops (information exchange points) for operational energy and carbon reporting using digital twins
2. Phase 2 Development of an practical tool to model the energy and carbon trajectory of a construction project from procurement to handover
Both projects specifically aligned to the needs of Soft Landings and Government Soft Landings
The graduated handover and performance assessment of a new or refurbished
building, where a period of professional aftercare is a specific client requirement.
Soft Landings begins at project inception, with aftercare support and
performance analysis running for up to three years post-completion
The Soft Landings approach
Purpose To improve operational outcomes
Stage 1:Inception and
briefing
Stage 2: Design
Stage 3:Construct
Stage 4:Pre-handover
Stage 5: Initial aftercare
Stage 6: Extended
aftercare & POE
Feedback to the next
project
The Soft Landings virtuous circle
Learning from experience
• Construction professionals must care about performance outcomes, not just in reaching practical completion and surviving the Defects Period. Expressed in client requirements and in contracts
• There needs to be greater mutual understanding between clients, project managers, designers, builders and occupiers about a project’s performance objectives
• We need to conduct performance feedback in briefing and design, perform constant risk assessments of the operational outcomes, and use systematic post-occupancy monitoring and evaluation to tune-up the building to get the promised performance
Soft Landings is not a set of procedures
…it’s about delivering a higher standard of professionalism
Government Soft Landings and BIM from April 2016
Written for the central government client notfor the public or commercial sectors
Now in the 2021 RIBA Plan for Use
Will become a RIBA members’ ‘core competency’
www.usablebuildings.co.ukwww.cdbb.cam.ac.uk/BIM/government-soft-landings
www.cibse.org/knowledge/
www.architecture.com/knowledge-and-resources/
The current problem with operational energy
• Lack of visibility of the energy and emissions performance outcomes as they emerges during procurement
• Lack of attention to energy loads – and the modelling thereof – after RIBA Stage 4
• The plans of work and procedures used on Soft Landings and Government Soft Landings (GSL) projects have not been mapped for the reporting of operational energy and emissions (consistent with BIM Level 2)
• Therefore, no pre-defined and agreed Operational Energy and Carbon data-exchange points
Operational Energy and Carbon: OpEC
The ‘business as usual’ trajectory of energy performance from design to operation
©Roderic Bunn (CIBSE TM61 and RIBA Plan for Use)
Not covered by statute
Over-promise and under-delivery on operational CO2 for an academy
No as-built EPC for unregulated loads
Design Construction Handover In use
The ‘business as usual’ trajectory of energy performance from design to operation
©Roderic Bunn (CIBSE TM61 and RIBA Plan for Use)
Figure 3 of the 2021 RIBA Plan for Use and Figure 2.3 of CIBSE TM61 Operational performance of buildings
Better risk assessment
©Roderic Bunn (CIBSE TM61 and RIBA Plan for Use)
Lessons learned POE Yr 3
Fully incorporate and explain POE Yr 2
Monitor and evaluation PO
E Yr 1
Handover, training and m
obilisation
Check and confirm plans and assum
ptions, market
engagement and sourcing
Test and model operational strategy
Establish targets and KPIs, OPEX budget
Portfolio planning -benchmarks
0
Define outcomes and measures of
success
Identify and deliver
user/operator needs
Measures
Design & construction
commissioning, training and
handover
AssetDesign &
Construction
Environment
Functionality and effectiveness
Financial performance
Asset operations
Asset/facilities operations
Review new design requirements and expectations through feedback
Collect and compare actual
operational performance
against planned targets
Client decision points
Information exchange points
5
Government Soft Landings
1 2 P2 P343
The problem
• Lack of visibility of the energy and emissions performance gap is it emerges during procurement
• Lack of attention to energy loads and modelling thereof after RIBA Stage 4
• No mapping of current plans of the work and procedures used on SL and GSL projects as they apply to the reporting of operational energy and emissions (consistent with BIM L2)
• No pre-defined and agreed Operational Energy and Carbon (OpEC) data-drops for GSL projects
The solutions
• Identify a best-practice structure for operational energy and carbon reporting (OpEC) for Soft Landings projects, and define the gateway requirements for information exchanges
• Ultimate objective Generate free guidance, and a ‘digital twin’ spreadsheet tool for OpECanalysis and reporting during procurement (consistent with CIBSE TM54 and TM22 procedures)
Research activities
• Assessed the main plans of work, procedures and guidance used on construction projects (relevant to buildings and infrastructure works with powered systems built to GSL)
• Identified all references to energy and emissions reporting during procurement and post-handover Soft Landings aftercare requirements
1. Plotted the main measurement and reporting requirements, and positioned OpEC data-drops consistent with those plans and procedures
2. Identified OpEC data-drops specific to Scotland GSL requirements (outline and full business case requirements)
3. Liaised with dynamic simulation modelling (DSM) specialists (i.e. energy modellers, IES) and institutions (RIBA) on the data drops and their requirements, modifying as needed
4. Developed assessment flowcharts DSM and/or simple spreadsheet options
We propose parallel routes for energy and CO2 ‘Digital Twins’
A. Dynamic simulation modelling (DSM) for calculation of operational thermal loads
B. A CIBSE TM54/TM22-style spreadsheet (Excel) for calculating detailed electrical loads
Excel OpECDigital Twin
For detailed analysis of allelectrical loads. Thermal
energy and emissions data imported from the
BRUKL DSM
DSM OpECDigital Twin
For detailed modelling of thermal loads for BRUKL. Only regulated electrical
energy and emissions modelling required
Data sharing
Why full energy calculations aren’t done in dynamic simulation models
• DSM models used primarily for BRUKL. Fees and appointments rarely cover full energy modelling
• In any case, DSM modellers not skilled on operational performance factors (systems diversities, load profiles, wasteful and parasitic operation), and they’re not asked to calculate these anyway, and…
• …operational performance data (of a high enough quality) is not generally available to DSM modellers
• Even if they exist, DSM specialists rarely retained on a project during later procurement when many system details emerge and specification changes are made
• The complexities of system control-logic requires considerable skill (and fee) to model accurately in a DSM. Periodic OpEC ‘dress rehearsals’ difficult if not impractical to perform. Moreover…
• …greater detail may mean that margins of error on power densities and performance co-efficiencies could compound, causing a DSM to be less accurate as the number of assumptions pile-up
• Intellectual property issues with TM54-based DSM. A model may be retained by the consultant not handed over to the client or project sponsor unless the contract stipulates it (the consultant is unlikely to offer it…!)
• If any or all of these issues occur, there will be no DSM to hand-over with the asset management BIM
1a
3n
P1
2
Five types of Operational Energy and Carbon (OpEC) data-drops
Mandatory data-drop gateways (Essentially BRUKL and As-Built EPC)
Intermediate energy and emissions information exchange gateways that link to gateways in the RIBA Stages, the RIBA Plan for Use, the BIM Framework, and BS 8536-2, and also align with GSL and most other procedures
SCIM and NHSS business-case information exchange gateways, plus the subsequent energy and emissions gateway requirements
Multiple (pre-gateway) information exchange points for the SCIM, Soft Landings, and GSL design and construction stages (broader than RIBA Plan of Work stages*)
Red dots denote intermediate OpEC data-drops within GSL’s design and construction stage (but which generally align with other documents: e.g. BS 8536-2)
BSRIA ‘Pitstopping’ reality-checking information exchange gateways (Mandated by SCIM and for NHSS projects)
0
4n
*A feature, not a contradiction
Building(RegulationsDesign(for(Compliance
Ignore(operational(performance(of(regulated(loads
Use(as8built(EPC(to(report(end8use(performance
2020#RIBA#Plan#of#WorkStage&3:&Spatial&co.ordination
Stage&5:&Manufacturing&and&construction Stage&6:&Handover
2020#RIBA#Plan#for#UseThe&outcomes&activities
Stage&3:&Analyse&building&performance&requirements.&
Integrate&into&design&&
Stage&5:&Site.based&reviews&of&performance&risks&and&variations.&
Reflect&results&in&building&performance&expectations
Stage&6:&Transfer&performance&outcomes&data&and&information&
to&facilities&management&
BIM#Framework#(BS#8536>2:2016)Synonymous&with&the&CIC&Digital&Plan&of&Work
Stage&3:&Definition Stage&5:&Construct&&&commission
Stage&6:&Handover&&&close.out
BREEAM#2018Additional&requirements,&and&context&specific
Government#Soft#LandingsStage&2:&Final&business&case/Briefing&stage Stage&4:&Pre.handover
BSRIA#BG54#Soft#LandingsThe&Soft&Landings&Framework&(2018)
Phase&3:&Construction Phase&4:&Pre.handover Phase&5:&Initial&aftercare
Phase&6:&Extended&aftercare&&POE
Scottish#Capital#Investment#Manual#(SCIM)
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Construction&and&commissioning
(note&aligment&issues&with&
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Pitstop&3:&Tender&stage&reality&check(s)
Pitstop&4:&Pre.handover&reality&check
Pitstop&5:&Post.handover&review
Feasible&generic&design
Co.ordinated&generic&design
Co.ordinated&specific&design
CIBSE#TM54:2013#Evaluating(the(operational(energy(performance(of(
buildings(at(the(design(stageCIBSE#TM22:2006
Energy(Assessment(and(Reporting(Methodology
CIBSE#TM63:2020Building&performance&modelling&and&calibration&
for&evaluating&energy&performance&in.use
As(with(TM54,(mostly(the('what'(with(oblique(references(
to(the('when'
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Stage&3:&Design&and&construct
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Stage&7:&As.built&model&(Aftercare&updated)Stage&1:&Preparation&and&brief
Collect&building&design&data&and&identify&performance&issues
Stage&5:&Installation&model Stage&6:&As.built&modelStage&4:&Technical&design&model
CIBSE&TM54:&Defines&the&how&and&the&what,&but¬&the&gateways CIBSE&TM22:&Defines&the&how&and&the&what&but¬&the&when
No(regulatory(requirementsSet(theoretical(targets((NCM(compliance(target(or(better)
Pitstop&1:&Scheme&design&check&(against&BPE&evidence&and&feedback)
Set&base.building&energy&target Conduct&advanced&DSM.&Independent&review
Stage&5&In.use/operationStage&1:&Strategic&Assessment/Business&case
Phase&2:&Design
Stage&3:&Developed&design&model
Project&monitoring&and&evaluation
Stage&0:&Strategic&definition Stage&1:&Preparation&and&briefing Stage&2:&Concept&design Stage&4:&Technical&design
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Pitstop&2:&Technical&reality&check (Optional(pitstop(Maintenance(and(usability
Defines&the&how&and&the&what,&but¬&the&when
Design&stage&assessment Aftercare&and&POE
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Stage&0:&Performance&outcomes&review&of&client&requirements&&
Phase&1:&Inception&and&briefing
Full&business&case(note&aligment&issues&with&BIM&data&drops)
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management.&Establish&performance&targets&
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outturn&performance&&&
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Manage&risks&that&remain
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Ignore(operational(performance(of(regulated(loads
Use(as8built(EPC(to(report(end8use(performance
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Stage&5:&Manufacturing&and&construction Stage&6:&Handover
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Stage&3:&Analyse&building&performance&requirements.&
Integrate&into&design&&
Stage&5:&Site.based&reviews&of&performance&risks&and&variations.&
Reflect&results&in&building&performance&expectations
Stage&6:&Transfer&performance&outcomes&data&and&information&
to&facilities&management&
BIM#Framework#(BS#8536?2:2016)Synonymous&with&the&CIC&Digital&Plan&of&Work
Stage&3:&Definition Stage&5:&Construct&&&commission
Stage&6:&Handover&&&close.out
BREEAM#2018Additional&requirements,&and&context&specific
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BSRIA#BG54#Soft#LandingsThe&Soft&Landings&Framework&(2018)
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(note&aligment&issues&with&
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Pitstop&4:&Pre.handover&reality&check
Pitstop&5:&Post.handover&review
Feasible&generic&design
Co.ordinated&generic&design
Co.ordinated&specific&design
CIBSE#TM54:2013#Evaluating(the(operational(energy(performance(of(
buildings(at(the(design(stageCIBSE#TM22:2006
Energy(Assessment(and(Reporting(Methodology
CIBSE#TM63:2020Building&performance&modelling&and&calibration&
for&evaluating&energy&performance&in.use
As(with(TM54,(mostly(the('what'(with(oblique(references(
to(the('when'
Create&design&performance&model
CIBSE#TM39:#2009#(interpreted)Energy&metering
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Specify,&implement&and&commission
Calibrate&and&zero&meters,&and&document
The#Green#BookCentral&Government&guidance&on&appraisal&and&
evaluation&&&
Design#for#Performance Value&engineering&iterations Detailed&commissioning Quarterly&fine.tuning Monthly&sub.meter&monitoring&
Strategic&assessment Initial&agreement Outline&business&case
Outline&business&caseInitial#agreement Full&business&case
Predict(theoretical(performance Review(design(until(target(achieved
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Full&business&case(note&aligment&issues&with&BIM&data&drops)
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Stage&7:&As.built&model&(Aftercare&updated)Stage&1:&Preparation&and&brief
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Stage&5:&Installation&model Stage&6:&As.built&modelStage&4:&Technical&design&model
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BSRIA#BG6#(Design#outputs)Design&Framework&for&Building&Services
Stage&2:&Concept&design&model
Stage&7:&Perform&fine.tuning&and&initial&performance&assessment&in&Y1.&Plan&for&systematic&POE&in&Y2&3
Stage&0:&Strategy Stage&1:&Brief Stage&2:&Concept Stage&4:&Design Stage&7:&Operation&&&end&of&life
Pre.assessment&stage Post.construction&assessment
Stage&3:&Design&and&construct
3nRIBA Plan of Work
RIBA Plan for Use
Gov. Soft Landings
Scottish Cap. Invest. Manual
Pitstop sensitivity checks
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Ignore(operational(performance(of(regulated(loads
Use(as8built(EPC(to(report(end8use(performance
2020#RIBA#Plan#of#WorkStage&3:&Spatial&co.ordination
Stage&5:&Manufacturing&and&construction Stage&6:&Handover
2021#RIBA#Plan#for#UseThe&outcomes&activities
Stage&3:&Analyse&building&performance&requirements.&
Integrate&into&design&&
Stage&5:&Site.based&reviews&of&performance&risks&and&variations.&
Reflect&results&in&building&performance&expectations
Stage&6:&Transfer&performance&outcomes&data&and&information&
to&facilities&management&
BIM#Framework#(BS#8536?2:2016)Synonymous&with&the&CIC&Digital&Plan&of&Work
Stage&3:&Definition Stage&5:&Construct&&&commission
Stage&6:&Handover&&&close.out
BREEAM#2018Additional&requirements,&and&context&specific
Government#Soft#LandingsStage&2:&Final&business&case/Briefing&stage Stage&4:&Pre.handover
BSRIA#BG54#Soft#LandingsThe&Soft&Landings&Framework&(2018)
Phase&3:&Construction Phase&4:&Pre.handover Phase&5:&Initial&aftercare
Phase&6:&Extended&aftercare&&POE
Scottish#Capital#Investment#Manual#(SCIM)
Serv
Construction&and&commissioning
(note&aligment&issues&with&
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BSRIA#BG27:2011#Pitstoppinga&reality.checking&procedure&for&key&items
Pitstop&3:&Tender&stage&reality&check(s)
Pitstop&4:&Pre.handover&reality&check
Pitstop&5:&Post.handover&review
Feasible&generic&design
Co.ordinated&generic&design
Co.ordinated&specific&design
CIBSE#TM54:2013#Evaluating(the(operational(energy(performance(of(
buildings(at(the(design(stageCIBSE#TM22:2006
Energy(Assessment(and(Reporting(Methodology
CIBSE#TM63:2020Building&performance&modelling&and&calibration&
for&evaluating&energy&performance&in.use
As(with(TM54,(mostly(the('what'(with(oblique(references(
to(the('when'
Create&design&performance&model
CIBSE#TM39:#2009#(interpreted)Energy&metering
Identify&energy&imports&and&exports,&and&determine&metering&boundaries
Specify,&implement&and&commission
Calibrate&and&zero&meters,&and&document
The#Green#BookCentral&Government&guidance&on&appraisal&and&
evaluation&&&
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Strategic&assessment Initial&agreement Outline&business&case
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Predict(theoretical(performance Review(design(until(target(achieved
Stage&1:&Feedback&into&the&project&brief&from&lessons&learned&and/or&from&facilities&
management.&Establish&performance&targets&
Stage&2:&Feedback&exercise(s)&from&project&stakeholders.&Record&risks&to&
outturn&performance&&&
Stage&4:&Reality.check&the&record&of&performance&risks&against&the&design.&
Manage&risks&that&remain
No(regulatory(requirementsSet(theoretical(targets((NCM(compliance(target(or(better)
Pitstop&1:&Scheme&design&check&(against&BPE&evidence&and&feedback)
Set&base.building&energy&target Conduct&advanced&DSM.&Independent&review
Stage&5&In.use/operationStage&1:&Strategic&Assessment/Business&case
Phase&2:&Design
Stage&3:&Developed&design&model
Project&monitoring&and&evaluation
Stage&0:&Strategic&definition Stage&1:&Preparation&and&briefing Stage&2:&Concept&design Stage&4:&Technical&design
Project&monitoring&and&evaluation
Pitstop&2:&Technical&reality&check (Optional(pitstop(Maintenance(and(usability
Defines&the&how&and&the&what,&but¬&the&when
Design&stage&assessment Aftercare&and&POE
Stage&7:&In&use
Stage&0:&Performance&outcomes&review&of&client&requirements&&
Phase&1:&Inception&and&briefing
Full&business&case(note&aligment&issues&with&BIM&data&drops)
Create&in.use&baseline&model.&Ccompare&design&against&in.use&baselineUndertake&modelling,&calibrate,&resolve&discrepancies&and&fine.tune
Devise&the&metering&and&sub.metering&strategy
Review&the&metering&strategy&and&revise Monitor&energy&use&(to&CIBSE&TM63)&
Stage&7:&As.built&model&(Aftercare&updated)Stage&1:&Preparation&and&brief
Collect&building&design&data&and&identify&performance&issues
Stage&5:&Installation&model Stage&6:&As.built&modelStage&4:&Technical&design&model
CIBSE&TM54:&Defines&the&how&and&the&what,&but¬&the&gateways CIBSE&TM22:&Defines&the&how&and&the&what&but¬&the&when
BSRIA#BG6#(Design#outputs)Design&Framework&for&Building&Services
Stage&2:&Concept&design&model
Stage&7:&Perform&fine.tuning&and&initial&performance&assessment&in&Y1.&Plan&for&systematic&POE&in&Y2&3
Stage&0:&Strategy Stage&1:&Brief Stage&2:&Concept Stage&4:&Design Stage&7:&Operation&&&end&of&life
Pre.assessment&stage Post.construction&assessment
Stage&3:&Design&and&construct
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4n 4
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SCIM: Energy DSM required for Full
Business Case
“Accurate thermal & energy model” (+
Soft Landings)
What energy analysis and reporting methods have we got?
• CIBSE TM54:2013 Evaluating the Operational Energy Performance of Buildings at the Design Stage
- Set of procedures, not a tool. Designers develop corporate/bespoke spreadsheets and formulas. Such outputs not necessarily transferrable to third parties/maintainers for POE
• CIBSE TM22:2006 Energy Assessment and Reporting Methodology
- Simple spreadsheet tool. 1999 basic version functional, 2006 version buggy and outmoded- Unpublished 2014 version created for Innovate UK was not adopted by CIBSE
• Carbon Buzz
- Operational but moribund. Buggy and software not being supported nor maintained
OpEC energy assessment spreadsheet
• Developed a free, downloadable TM22-style spreadsheet, designed to track electrical energy and emissions during design, construction and POE
• Single-line entry for all electrical items (thermal loads calculated in DSM and imported as a value)
• Generates kWh/m2, £cost of energy, and emissions in kgCO2
• Enables an audit trail of optioneering, specification changes, VE, changes to hours of use, and fuel tariffs etc. Audit trail to capture energy and emissions savings (or penalties) as they emerge
• Incorporates an energy sub-metering module to link to a metering strategy
• Government Soft Landings and SCIM ‘compliant’ (i.e. “accurate energy and thermal modelling”)
• Developed by original CIBSE TM22 author John Field with input from Roderic Bunn
Project outputs for all projects including Soft Landings
• Explanatory guidance for each OpEC information exchange point, consistent with a wide range of project plans (RIBA, SCIM, GSL etc)
- Subject to modification after industry feedback, during the Phase 2 project
• Separate flow charts for each information exchange gateway, to explain what information is required at each stage, and their flows into and out of an OpEC Digital Twin (spreadsheet and/or DSM-based).
• An open-source TM22-style OpEC energy and emissions spreadsheet
• User guidance for the OpEC spreadsheet
Next steps
• CDBB/CIH publication of the draft OpEC approach as free GSL-related guidance
• CDBB/CIH hosting of the OpEC spreadsheet as an open-source download
- Both subject to modification after industry feedback, during the Phase 2 project
• Awareness-raising, training and support (from webinars to course to seminars etc)
• Dovetailing the OpEC work with the current revision of BS 8536 Parts 1 and 2, referencing the RIBA Plan for Use and possibly the proposed OpEC data drops
• Phase 2 project: A trajectory-based visualisation of operational energy and carbon factors, weighting them for their effects on a project’s trajectory, based on BPE evidence. A UCL/WMEboom collaborative project
For launch details contact [email protected]
Why everything can’t be done in a dynamic simulation model (DSM)
• DSM models used primarily for BRUKL. Fees and appointments rarely cover full energy modelling
• In any case, DSM modellers not skilled on operational performance factors (systems diversities, load profiles, wasteful and parasitic operation), and they’re not asked to calculate these anyway, and…
• …operational performance data (of a high enough quality) is not generally available to DSM modellers
• Even if they exist, DSM specialists rarely retained on a project during later procurement when many system details emerge and specification changes are made
• The complexities of system control-logic requires considerable skill (and fee) to model accurately in a DSM. Periodic operational ‘dress rehearsals’ difficult if not impractical to perform. Moreover…
• …greater detail may mean that margins of error on power densities and performance co-efficiencies could compound, causing a DSM to be less accurate as the number of assumptions pile-up
• Intellectual property issues with TM54-based DSM. A model may be retained by the consultant not handed over to the client or project sponsor unless the contract stipulates it (the consultant is unlikely to offer it…!)
• If any or all of these issues occur, there will be no DSM to hand-over with the asset management BIM
+3
Client ambition for low energy (e.g. an A rated EPC, BREEAM
Outstanding, PassivHaus, DEC A)
Simplified dynamic modelling suggests low energy targets
are possible
Part L compliance
Funding secured for renewables
Year
2
Year
3
Regulated loads
Unregulated loads creep in un-
noticed – ICT, servers, plug-in
loads; not enough risk assessment and sensitivity
analysis
DSM ends. Actual loads higher than
model, VE and product
substitution leads to
change in specifications
Fixation on time cost, and programme, subtleties in
design compromised
Desi
gn e
valu
atio
ns e
nd
Commissioning poor, controls training non-
existent, documentation
incomplete, handover rushed,
hvac systems disfunctional
= factor of 2 to 5 difference in the first year
The realistic energy consumption likely to be sustainable in the long term
Soft Landings interventions might lead to improved
performance (but they can’t overcome over-ambitious targets and construction
deficiencies)
+2
+1
-3
-1
-2
Wor
se p
erfo
rman
ceBe
tter
per
form
ance
Operating hours emerge higher than design estimations,
occupancy densities also higher
RIBA Plan for Use and SL aftercare
S-Curve concept developed by Roderic Bunn and Esfandiar Burman
The S-curve in greater detail