the biogas sector in austria bulgarian visit in austria 05 ... · winter rape straw 53.000 0,3...
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www.biogas.klimaaktiv.at www.kompost-biogas.info 1
The Biogas sector in Austria
Bulgarian visit in Austria 05 04 2013
Austrian Compost & Biogas Association
Franz Kirchmeyr
Mail: [email protected]
www.biogas.klimaaktiv.at www.kompost-biogas.info 2
Contents
- Structure and members of our Association
- Current situation of Biogas in Austria
- Further Challenges in Austria
2
www.biogas.klimaaktiv.at www.kompost-biogas.info 3
Structure of our Association
- We are an umbrella Association of 5 regional
Associations in the field of biogas and
compost
- We our self are founding member of
- EEO: Renewable Energies of Austria
the umbrella Association of all renewables in
Austria
- EBA: European Biogas Association
www.biogas.klimaaktiv.at www.kompost-biogas.info 4
Tasks of our daily work
- Lobbying the biogas sector in Austria
- Joining working groups creating norms etc.
- Make proposals and create reports to new
legislations or amendments of legislations
- Networking
- Contracts from our federal ministry of environment
- Klima:aktiv biogas (Bring biogas to customers)
- Home page, newsletter, work shops, advertisement…
- Arbeitskreis biogas
- Bench mark (economic and technically), education
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www.biogas.klimaaktiv.at www.kompost-biogas.info 5
Members of our Association
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Members 2006: 413
Members 2011: 543
Compost plant operators
Biogas plant operators
Associated members
www.biogas.klimaaktiv.at www.kompost-biogas.info 6
Development of biogas plants
in Austria [MW power]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Le
istu
ng
k
um
ulie
rt [
MW
]
source: E- Control
before 1998 1998 – 2002 2003 - 2004
30 kW 110 kW 250 kW
76 MW 0,7 % of power demand ~ 500 GWh Electricity: 150.000 households
4
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Developement of biomethane
production plants in Austria
Pucking PSA 2005
Eugendorf PSA 2008
Bruck an der Leitha Membrantechnik 2008
Margarethen Membrantechnik 2008
Asten DWW 2009
Engerwitzdorf Aminwäsche 2010
Rechnitz PSA 2010
Leoben Aminwäsche 2010
Wiener Neustadt Membrantechnik 2011
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Austria - permission structure
3 umbrella laws under which the future plant
operator has to apply for the permissions
feedstock waste
power production no
heat production yes no
orUmbrella laws for
permitting biogas Gewerbeordnung ELWOG
Gewerbeord
nung AWG
Included laws in the VEXATBauordnungWasserrechtsgesetzGaswirtschaftsgesetzArbeitnehmerschutzgesetzSeveral other regulations like: ÖNORM, ÖWAV
Separate permission Tiermaterialiengesetz: (application after the approval of the umbrella law)
no waste
yes
Raumordnungsgesetz: (application has to be given before application to the
Starkstromwegegesetz: (application after the approval of the umbrella law; has to
5
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Support scheme in Austria
Application
of biogas power power/heat
heat or
transport
fuel heat power/heat
transport
fuel
feed in tariff no no no
investment
subsidies no
only for the heat
relevant
investments yes yes
only for heat
relevant
investments yes
injection to the gas grid
yes (total
efficiency must be
over 60 %)
yes (total
efficiency must be
over 60 %)
yes (total
efficiency must
be over 60 %)
biogas directly used at the plant
How to get the feed in tariff for green electricity:
• After receiving all needed permissions for building and running the plant
you can apply for the contract getting feed in tariffs
• Depending on the availability of the contingent you will get the contract
• After receiving the contract you have 3 years time building the plant
• The contract is valid for 15 years after start of first electricity injection
www.biogas.klimaaktiv.at www.kompost-biogas.info 10
Development of feed in tariffs through the
renewable energy act for biogas: [Cent/kWh el.]
6
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Fortunately we have two very good
developed energy grids: Power and gas grid
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CNG filling station in Austria
Nearly 180 public gas filling stations at the moment
2 CBG filling stations (Margarethen and Rechnitz)
7
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Tank versus plate discussion since 2008
- Situation now
- Energy crops
- biowaste
- Challenges
- Potential
- Costs
www.biogas.klimaaktiv.at www.kompost-biogas.info 14
Currently needed land for biogas
production (2009/2010)
current needed
land for biogas
production
percentage of use
(mass based
measurement)
demand on
end energy
average
yield per
hectare
needed
hectare
[%] [GWh] [t] [ha]
silomaize 45% 943 17 16.483
rye (whole plant chopped) 6% 120 11 4.283
sunflowers (whole plant chopped)2% 14 12 448
sugar beet (incl. Leafes) 1% 5 15 105
Sudangras 3% 45 14 1.215
grass silage 7% 139 9 5.717
farm fertilizer 21% 79
bio waste 4% 29
waste from sugar production2% 22
digestate of alcohol production0% 0
reaming 10% 142
needed hectare from cropland 22.533
needed hectare of grassland 5.717
8
www.biogas.klimaaktiv.at www.kompost-biogas.info 15
Potential from bio waste , waste from farm land
and farm fertilizer
Current
total
use [ha]
percenta
ge f
Biogas
[kg TS /
ha]
[GWh] Mio.
Nm³
CH4
MWel.
bei 8000
bj
Maize straw 200.000 0,3
6.000 900 90 40
Winter rape straw 53.000 0,3 4.000 150 15 10
Straw from cereals 520.000 0,2 3.500 800 80 40
Catch crops 1,4 Mio. 0,07 3.500 800 80 40
grassland 570.000 0,03 5.000 300 30 20
farmfertilizer 20 % von cattle and hogs
40 % des poultry
1.700 170 80
Potential from bio waste 700 70 30
Total potential (non crop based) 5.350 535 260
www.biogas.klimaaktiv.at www.kompost-biogas.info 16
Potential from bio waste , waste from farm land
and farm fertilizer + ~ 50.000 ha cropland
[ha] Anteil f
Biogas
[kg TS /
ha]
[GWh] Mio.
Nm³
CH4
MWel.
bei 8000
bj
KM + CCM stroh 200.000 0,3
6.000 900 90 40
Winterrapsstroh 53.000 0,3 4.000 150 15 10
Getreidestroh 520.000 0,2 3.500 800 80 40
Zwischenfrüchte 1,4 Mio. 0,07 3.500 800 80 40
Grünland 570.000 0,03 5.000 300 30 20
Crops 1,4 Mio. 0,03 13.000 2.000 200 93
Wirtschaftsdünger 20 % von Rinder u Schweine
40 % des Geflügeldungs
1.700 170 80
Potenzial aus org. Abfällen 700 70 30
Gesamtpotential (non crop based) 7.350 735 353
9
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Potential from bio waste
- Currently about 12 – 15 Mwel. installed
- Additional potential ~ tripple it (50 Mio. Nm³ CH4)
- Coming from
- Not collected bio waste so far
- Waste from the food, feed and other industrial
productions
- Currently composted bio waste
- Competitive will come from
- Sewage treatment plants
- Waste incineration plants
www.biogas.klimaaktiv.at www.kompost-biogas.info 18
Tank versus plate discussion:
„More energy yield per hectare through catch crops “
[kWh /m²]
Strahlung 22 42 80 111 142 148 152 131 94 54 25 17
[mm] Regen 45 42 104 82 81 68 71 145 15 27 34 24
Lebensmittel-
produktion
Lebensmittel
+ Energie
Energie-
produktion
Jän Feb Mär Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez
10
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Kaskadische Nutzung (biobased industry):
Biogas ist Schlüsseltechnologie
- Ziel: - Biomasse mehrfach nutzen
- Schaffung wertvoller Grundstoffe für die „Naturstoffchemie“ (z. B.: Milch- & Aminosäure)
Energiegewinnung durch die Biogastechnologie aus
den „Abfällen anderer Produktionsketten“
- Start: Anfang 2009 -2012
- Projektpartner:
- Land OÖ
- Energie AG / OÖ Ferngas
- Leitung: JKU Linz
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application
- Direct at the plant
- CHP
- Base load
- Peak load
- Balancing energy
- Transport fuel
- Biomethaneregister
- Grid injection
- CHP
- Transport fuel
- We have to raise using fleets
- Fixed blend for biomethane
- Flexible blend for biomethane
11
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CHP: very high efficiency
- Electricity: very high
valuable energy source
- Power efficiency can´t directly compared with
heating efficiency (heat:
low valuable energy
source)
- Power efficiency
- Currently: 38 %
- Future: over 40 up to 47 %
- Total efficency:
- 70 – 85 %
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Virtuelles Kombikraftwerk
12
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Upgrading biogas biomethane
Most efficient and environment friendly
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Own experience with CNG/CBG
• Owner of 2 CNG Passat (expensive car)
• Engine is very silent
• Great engine – through
double charging – high
torque
• Very low fuel consumption
• Country roads: 3,6 – 4 kg
• German freeway: 5 – 7 kg
• Ø 4,5 kg/ 100 km
• Range 400 - 500 km with CNG
• We have already enough filling stations:
• About 95 % driven by CNG/CBG
13
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Steyr: first CBG tractor in
western Europe
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Don´t forget our second product
digestate
- Very interesting full compound fertilizer
- Includes nearly all nutrients of the feedstock
- Very low impurities
- Very low organic pollutants
- No viable weed seeds and plant propagules
- Increasing soil condition
14
www.biogas.klimaaktiv.at www.kompost-biogas.info 27
Investigation result of digestate versus
draft fertilizer regulation
(non separated) n > 1.000
Untersuchungsergebn. Grenzwert Nicht erreicht
Substanz Min. Mittelw. Max. Anzahl + (%)
[%
TM
]
Org. Masse 1,2 69,3 96 ≥ 20 % 21 (1,2 %)
Gesamt N 0,3 10,4 42,4 ≥ 1,5 18 (1,1 %)
P2O5 0,1 3,8 11,9 ≥ 0,5 21 (1,6 %)
K2O 0,1 5,3 32,9 ≥ 0,75 21 (1,6 %)
[mg
/kg
TM
]
Cr 0,1 15,1 107 ≤ 100 2 (0,2 %)
Cd 0,0 0,4 2,4 ≤ 1,5 9 (0,8 %)
Pb 0,0 5,8 71,6 ≤ 120 0 (0,0 %)
Hg 0,0 0,1 2,8 ≤ 1 1 (0,1 %)
Ni 0,2 13,7 800 ≤ 50 20 (1,8 %)
Zn 2,7 311 1.720 ≤ 600 60 (5,5 %)
Cu 0,9 87,5 1.770 ≤ 300 29 (2,5 %)
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Loss of germination ability from duck
Quelle: BAL Gumpenstein
15
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Increasing soil fertility trough
digestate
- Investigation from Upper Austria
- Application of digestate brings:
- Lowering density ~ 13 %
- Increase of max. water capacity ~ 15 %
- Increase of water content ~ 12 %
- Increase of organic matter content ~ 13 %
- Increase of activity from microorganisme
It brings essential benefits for dry regions
www.biogas.klimaaktiv.at www.kompost-biogas.info 30
Structure of „Arbeitskreis Biogas“
1 nationwide
Organization
8 Regions – 8
Group Manager
190 Biogas Plants (2/3 of total)
15 Groups (max. 15 Participants)
16
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Size
21%
32%
21% 21%
5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
18 - 99 kW 100 - 249 kW 250 - 499 kW 500 - 749 kW 750 - 1.670 kW
of total
Arbeitskreis
Structure of Biogas Plants (1)
Launch
14%
56%
29%
1%0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
before 2003 2003 - 2005 2006 - 2008 after 2008
www.biogas.klimaaktiv.at www.kompost-biogas.info 32
Arbeitskreis
Structure of Biogas Plants (2)
Legal Status
33%
28%
38%
Private Company
Capital Company
others
Input Material
73%
27%
Agricultural Substrates
Co-Fermentation
17
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Arbeitskreis
Biogas Monitoring System
- Online-System for data input
- Every contact person(s) of biogas plants
www.biogas.klimaaktiv.at www.kompost-biogas.info 34
Arbeitskreis
Horizontal Comparisons
18
www.biogas.klimaaktiv.at www.kompost-biogas.info 35
≤ 200 ≥ 500
kWel kWel
25% 12,1% 9,0% 6,6%
Ø 12,4% 10,4% 8,9%
-25% 14,6% 11,0% 9,3%
25% 18,1% 18,3% 11,6%
Ø 19,1% 17,3% 15,7%
-25% 22,7% 23,1% 19,8%
200 – 499
kWel
Strombedarf
Wärmebedarf
Kennzahl Einheit +25% Ø -25%
Volllaststunden1) h a-1 7.972 7.912 7.593
Strom verkauft2) % 36,4% 36,7% 37,3%
Wärme verwendet2) % 22,5% 26,0% 25,8%
Saldo (Leistungen-Kosten)3) Cent kWhel
-1 -1,60 -5,93 -10,651) elektr. Arbeit [kWh] durch installierte Leistung [kW]2)Bezugsbasis = Bruttoenergieeinsatz3) exkl. Rohstoffzuschlag 2010
Arbeitskreis
Reports
1,80
2,00
2,20
2,40
2,60
2,80
3,00
3,20
3,40
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
+25% Ø -25%
Rau
mb
elastu
ng [kg o
TS (m
³ d) -1]
Ver
wei
ldau
er
[d]
Verweildauer Fermenter Raumbelastung
26%
16%
58%
18% 14%
69%
15%10%
75%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
≤ 50% 50 bis ≤ 60% > 60%
Pro
zen
t d
er
Betr
ieb
e
Brennstoffnutzungsgrad
+25% Ø -25%
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
≤200 200 - 499 ≥500
jäh
rlic
her
Arb
eits
aufw
and
[h
kW
el-1
]Größenklasse [kWel]
-25%
Ø
+25%
www.biogas.klimaaktiv.at www.kompost-biogas.info 36
Arbeitskreis
Full-Load-Hours
0
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
6.000
7.000
8.000
9.000
10.000
18
75
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
15
0
20
0
25
0
25
0
25
0
25
0
30
0
50
0
50
0
50
0
50
0
62
5
62
5
16
72
Fullload hours
kWel
Ø 7.500
19
www.biogas.klimaaktiv.at www.kompost-biogas.info 37
ARbeitskreis
Organic Load
Main digester: Ø 4.4 kg oDM/m³/d
Total: Ø 2.6 kg oDM/m³/d
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
18
52
75
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
14
0
15
0
18
0
20
0
24
5
25
0
25
0
25
0
25
0
25
0
25
0
25
0
25
0
30
0
33
0
50
0
50
0
50
0
50
0
50
0
50
0
50
0
50
0
62
5
62
5
62
5
62
5
16
72
kg oDM/m³/d
kWel
www.biogas.klimaaktiv.at www.kompost-biogas.info 38
Arbeitskreis
Energy balance
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
18
74
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
12
5
15
0
18
0
24
5
25
0
25
0
25
0
25
0
25
0
30
0
33
0
50
0
50
0
50
0
50
0
50
0
50
0
62
5
62
5
16
72 kWel
auxiliary thermal energy
used thermal energy
auxiliary electricity
sold electricity
Energy Input
20
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Klima:aktiv biogas
- Bring biogas to Customer
- Home page
- Newsletter
- Networking
- Workshop
- Folders
www.biogas.klimaaktiv.at www.kompost-biogas.info 40
Example of folders