The bones of limbs

The upper & The lower Limbs

By

Khaled Na3im

1.The bones of upper limb

Include shoulder girdle and bones of

upper limb.

Composition of the upper limb

Humerus: Anterior

Humerus

Scapula

Clavicle

Radius UlnaClick R Button for Slideshow

Greater tubercle

Coracoid processLesser tubercle

Acromion process

Glenoid fossa

Deltoid tuberosity

Medial epicondyle

Trochlea

Lateral epicondyle

Coronoid fossa

Capitulum

Humerus: Anterior2

Humerus

Scapula

Clavicle

Radius Ulna

Greater tubercle

Coracoid processLesser tubercle

Acromion process

Glenoid fossa

Deltoid tuberosity

Medial epicondyle

Trochlea

Lateral epicondyle

Coronoid fossa

Capitulum

Humerus: Posterior

Right Arm, Posterior

Scapula

Spine of scapula

Glenoid fossa of scapula

Head of humerus

Deltoid tuberosityof humerus

Humerus

Ulna

Olecranon process of ulna

Radius

Greater tubercle of humerus

Medial epicondyleof humerus

Acromion of scapula

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

The shoulder girdle Clavicle Scapula

Clavicle

medial (or sternal) end lateral (or acromial) end: medial 2/3 is

convex

Scapula1.two surfaces ： anterior surface: subscapular fossa dorsal surface: spine of scapula acromion supraspinous fossa infraspinous fossa 2. three borders:(superior,lateral,medial) superior border → coracoid process3. three angles (the superior, inferior and lateral ) lateral angle → glenoid cavity inferior angle →the 7th rib

Bones of upper limb

1.Arm:humerus

2.Forearm:radius )is the lateral bone ) ulna ( is the medial bone )

3.Hand: carpal bones are 8 , metacarpal bones are 5 and phalanges ( 14 )

The humerus: is a long bone ,has a body

(shaft) and two ends (extremities)

The upper (proximal) end : head of humerus lateral →greater tubercle anterior →lesser tubercle surgical neck Body: deltoid tuberosity sulcus for radial nerveThe lower end: lateral → capitulum medial →trochlea coronoid fossa olecranon fossa lateral and medial epicondyles sulcus for ulnar nerve

. Carrying angle …

Nerves related

The radius

The proximal end: a head…, neck ..and tuberosity …. The shaft: interosseous borderThe distal end: styloid process

The wrist joint is made up between radius and two carpal bones; the ulna does not share in formation of wrist joint .

Forearm: Anterior

Radius Ulna

Humerus

Lateral epicondyleof humerus

Medial epicondyleof humerus

Coronoid processof ulna

Head of radius

Coronoid fossaof humerus

Capitulum ofhumerus

Trochlea ofhumerus

Radial tuberosity

Styloid processof ulna

Styloid process of radius

Radius Ulna

Humerus

Lateral epicondyleof humerus

Medial epicondyleof humerus

Coronoid processof ulna

Head of radius

Coronoid fossaof humerus

Capitulum ofhumerus

Trochlea ofhumerus

Radial tuberosity

Styloid processof ulna

Styloid process of radius

The ulna

The proximal end: olecranon coronoid process trochlear notch ulnar tuberosityThe shaft: interosseous borderThe distal end: a head and

a styloid process

The bones of hand

include three parts: the carpal bones,

the metacarpal bones

and phalanges

The carpal bones ( the bones of the wrist )

The proximal row ： scaphoid, lunate, triquetral and pisiform bones The distal row :trapezium, trapezoid,

capitate and hamate bones

MnemonicforLearningCarpals

She Likes To PlayLunateIn the moonlight

TriquetrumThe third T Bone

PisiformPea-shaped

Try To Catch Her

Trapezium:“It’s by the thumb”

Trapezoid“Is by its side”

Capitate

HamateA hamboneWith a hook

ScaphoidA boat

The Carpal bones

Some Lovers Try Positions

That They Can't Handle

.The metacarpal bones ( short long bones i.e has 3 parts :

a shaft, and 2 ends a head, a base

. The phalanges : 14 in number , two for the

thumb and three for each of other digits.

The metacarpal bones Are 5 :

Hand Quiz

CD

E

F

G

HJK

A

B

Hand Quiz Answers

C. Trapezium

D. Scaphoid

E. Lunate

F. Triquetrum

G. Pisiform

H. HamateJ. Capitate

K. Trapezoid

B. MetacarpalsA. Phalanges

Anatomical DrawingsCopyright Free Anatomical Drawings:

•Online:•Gray’s Anatomy, 1918: 1250 free drawings with descriptions.Excellent quality, but heavily labeled. http://www.bartleby.com/107/•Carl Bock. Handbuch der Anatomie des Menschen. 1841. Put on the web by Ronald A. Bergmanhttp://www.anatomyatlases.org/atlasofanatomy/index.shtmlGreat drawings; fewer labels than Gray’s.

•Old Books (UC Berkeley Biosciences Library: (Xerox, then scan):•Cull, P., Ed. (1989). The Sourcebook of Medical Illustration. Park Ridge, NJ, Parthenon. Simple line drawings. Copyright free.•Toldt, C. (1907). Anatomischer Atlas fur Studierende und Arzte. Berlin, Urban & Schwarzenberg.

•The Limb Bones Powerpoint uses line drawings from Cull.•This disc has examples of drawings from Gray’s & Bock (skull & pelvis)•Make your own photographs & drawings using our models

Medical Mnemonics

Some are in books like this:

•Goldberg, S. (1984). Clinical Anatomy Made Ridiculously Simple. Miami, FL, MedMaster.

There are many more on the Internet. The best site that I have seen is Medical Mnemonics:

•http://www.medicalmnemonics.com

Try making up your own