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The Book of Stone Stancliffe Stone Company Ltd Suppliers of Natural Stone

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Page 1: The Book of Stone - ESIcms.esi.info/Media/documents/Stanc_stonedesign_ML.pdf · 2016. 6. 21. · BS 8298: 1994 relates to Ashlar Cladding and covers dimensional tolerances, movement

The Book of Stone

Stancliffe Stone Company LtdSuppliers of Natural Stone

Page 2: The Book of Stone - ESIcms.esi.info/Media/documents/Stanc_stonedesign_ML.pdf · 2016. 6. 21. · BS 8298: 1994 relates to Ashlar Cladding and covers dimensional tolerances, movement

Why stone? Why now?Stone has a magic few other building materials can match. It’s incredibly old, created by fire, water and extreme pressures. It comes from the Earth and sits upon it with a clear statement that it’s here to stay. Ancient structures across the world testify to its immense durability and to humankind’s lasting love affair with this, one of the boldest and most beautiful of all natural materials.

Nothing shares the same variety of character, colour and texture. Nothing offers you a comparable palette, language and breadth of expression. Nothing can match the flexibility and integrity of stone. That’s why it remains head and shoulders above other building materials; why it’s as relevant today as it’s always been. That’s why and why now.

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Designing with stone

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Your choiceThough its variations seem almost endless, there are essentially only three different types of stone. The first two are created deep in the Earth’s crust – ‘igneous’ stones like granite are formed when molten magma is forced upwards into other rocks or blasted from volcanoes as lava and ash; ‘metamorphic’ stones like slate are formed when massively high temperatures and crushing pressures ‘re-crystalise’ minerals, changing one rock type into another.

The third kind, ‘sedimentary’ stones like sandstone and limestone, are created when other rocks are eroded by wind, ice and water, and the fragments laid down elsewhere. Sandstone is cemented into layers; limestone is formed by the action of chemicals and living organisms. Together, these are among the most widely used, versatile and beautiful of all building stones.

Our rangeStancliffe Stone specialises in sandstones and limestones. These are produced in our own quarries and processing sites from the English Midlands to the Scottish Lowlands, and range from beautiful buff-coloured Derbyshire gritstones to red sandstones from St.Bees and Locharbriggs; from Plumpton Red Lazonby salmon pink sandstone to the superb blue-grey Salterwath limestone.

As the UK’s leading supplier of dimensional building stone, Stancliffe Stone is able to ensure that both quality and reliability of supply are maintained. Our expertise in this highly specialised field means that we’re uniquely well placed to help you find the stone you want, capable of satisfying the most rigorous criteria and translating into stunning building design.

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The Stancliffe portfolio of stonesStancliffe Stone is one of the largest producers of dimensional natural stone in the UK and is able to offer a superb range of beautiful stones.

For many years Stancliffe Stone has been at the forefront of the innovative use of natural stone throughout the United Kingdom and further afield. With stones from Scotland, Cumbria and Derbyshire, Stancliffe has a suitable stone for many different locations and applications. For literature and samples, you have only to ask.

Locharbriggs

CavendishWhite

PlumptonRed Lazonby

Stanton Moor

Red St.Bees

Scoutmoor

Fletcher Bank Howley Park

Stoke Hall

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Your creativityAs a natural material, stone takes a little getting to know, and an appreciation of both the properties of individual stones and the way in which character and colour change with texture is essential, if you’re to get the best from it. But once understood, the look and feel that you’re aiming for can usually be realised in a number of ways.

Individual stones, even from different parts of the same quarry, can vary in character enormously, and clearly, the selection, properties and processing of a particular stone can dramatically affect both performance and aesthetics. So it’s important to work closely with your stone suppliers to find the solutions you’re looking for both functionally and visually, that will help bring your project to life.

Our expertiseStancliffe Stone can offer a broad spectrum of character, colour and performance in stone, and are comfortable working either with traditional textures or new and bespoke finishes to provide you with a wide range of options. Working with a variety of materials can create tremendous opportunities, but it can also pose challenges, and we have the knowledge and resources to address and resolve any issues arising, and help turn your ideas into practical reality.

Involving us at an early stage will assist in moving projects forward realistically and effectively, from establishing the suitability of individual stones to questions of availability, finish and fixing. It’s not unusual for requirements to change, and if we’re actively involved with the project team, we can keep the relevant people informed of the implications of change. So as far as it’s possible to do so, we can make sure that everything runs smoothly.

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The perfect partnershipAt Stancliffe Stone, we see our role as a facilitating one, providing stone as a raw material which can open up exceptional opportunities to the building designer. We are not designers ourselves and nor would we claim to be. But we do understand stone and the possibilities it offers, and we’re committed and enthusiastic about passing on that understanding to communicate and explore what stone can achieve.

By sharing our understanding of the design, use and working of dimensional stone, we can help ensure that you’re in a position to ask the right questions and that key project discussions are informed discussions. And this in turn will help you realise your design effectively, economically, and to everyone’s satisfaction. Partners in the same process – of designing with stone.

Stancliffe Stone Company Ltd would like to thank the following companies for their contributions:

Aedas Architects Limited, Arrol & Snell Ltd, Calder Peel Partnership Limited, East Cumbria Countryside Project, Hall & Hoyle Architecture, Paul White Photography and Stephenson Bell.

Project Helpline

0 1 6 2 9 6 5 3 0 0 0 Stancliffe Stone Company LtdSuppliers of Natural Stone

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Your artThere is a strong sense in which natural stone offers building designers the best of both worlds. It’s extraordinarily strong and durable, yet at the same time, it can be extremely stylish and exceptionally beautiful. It’s capable of both lightness and gravitas; of making big, bold design statements and yet lending itself to extremely fine detailing.

The character and qualities of sandstones and limestones in particular facilitate both the large and the small scale. They are equally effective in public and domestic buildings; in the broad sweep of architecture and construction, and also in the key design and feature elements which can contribute so much to the whole, and to a project’s individuality. With the appropriate expertise, all of these qualities can be fully realised. So you can execute whatever it is that you want to achieve.

Our craftmanshipThe experience and technical competence we can bring to bear on building in natural stone will help ensure that your stonework will be of the very highest quality – from selection to the finished job. Continued investment in craft skills and technology has put us at the forefront of the industry and coupled with sophisticated project support systems, enables us to deal with projects of all sizes and demands.

In addition to our own expertise, our extensive contacts in the industry mean that we will also be able to point you in the right direction for all relevant sources of impartial advice about anything and everything to do with designing and working in stone. So you can feel confident that it will be absolutely right – exactly as you want it – down to the very last detail.

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Considerations when designingwith dimensional stone

‘Dimensional stone’ simply is a term that refers to any stone which is to be processed to specific dimensions. This is an entirely separate process to that of aggregate quarrying. Dimensional stone needs to be treated gently, with blasting kept to a minimum to ensure the integrity of the quarry block.

QuarryingProcessingLead-timesColourFinishesPhysical suitabilityDesign guidanceSizesCDMCost managementBritish Standards

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QuarryingThe process begins when the ‘overburden’ is removed and the fractured rock is quarried to access the consolidated quarry block that’s needed for dimensioned stone. Since the block should not be fractured in any way, there is no blasting and instead, the block is dragged out mechanically using a ‘claw’ tool. Some of the largest blocks need splitting into manageable sizes and this is achieved by drilling a series of holes and using a small quantity of black powder to ‘pop’ the blocks in two. They are then removed to the production unit.

ProcessingAfter selection, the block is ‘primary sawn’. This transforms an uncut block into slices and is done either with large circular saws that have diamond-tipped blades – cutting one slice at a time – or with ‘frame saws’ which have a series of blades that cut each block into slices in a single operation.

The stone slices or ‘scants’ are then sawn-to-size – for splitting and pitching in the case of walling stone – or cut-to-size and profile for finished masonry. For some projects, hand masonry is required and this is done to specification.

Lead-times/availabilityStancliffe have long recognised the importance of reliable supply to construction projects throughout the British Isles. For this reason we only offer stones which we quarry and process ourselves.

The production planning and actual manufacture of dimensional stone makes up only one part of the total lead-time applicable to any project. Research and selection, designing the stone, designing the fixings, let alone the contractual obligations of the tendering process, can all add to a lengthening timescale.

Tight construction programmes are nothing new to Stancliffe and we are available to advise the design team at the earliest stage of current lead-times for specific products. It is not unusual for these to change over a period of time and, providing we are actively involved with the project team, we will keep the relevant project professionals fully briefed on changes and the consequent implications for the scheme.

Design guidanceRelevant British Standards include:

BS 5628 Pt3: 2001 which addresses walling stone with a 10 mm joint using wall ties and covers, movement accommodation, mortar recommendations and fixing information.

BS 8298: 1994 relates to Ashlar Cladding and covers dimensional tolerances, movement accommodation, fixing information and testing methods. Outline fixing details include handset masonry, and illustrate the basics of restraint and support fixings.

BS 5642: covers all issues relating to cills and copings. For a full list of relevant British Standards, see page 17.

Physical suitabilityUp-to-date descriptions and information on the physical suitability of particular stones, including test procedures and results, should always be available from the quarry – although specific projects may require special testing.

There are also additional sources of guidance on this subject – the British Geological Survey, for instance, can provide a list of operating quarries throughout the UK, together with petrographic analysis of samples and matching suitable available stones. See page 17 for contact details.

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Page 8: The Book of Stone - ESIcms.esi.info/Media/documents/Stanc_stonedesign_ML.pdf · 2016. 6. 21. · BS 8298: 1994 relates to Ashlar Cladding and covers dimensional tolerances, movement

Selection criteriaThe key issues to consider when specifying natural stone are as follows:

Colour Colour varies considerably in natural stone and this is part of its attraction. Red or buff sandstones and some of the limestones, for example, may vary even within one quarry – and so it becomes important to discuss the range of colour with the quarry at an early stage of the project.

FinishesA number of traditional finishes are available, as shown on page 15:

– rubbed faced walling – typically fixed with 10 mm joints.– pitched faced, split faced and tumbled – all types of walling

stones usually laid with a 10 mm joint.

However, numerous other surface finishes are available – some produced by machine, others hand-tooled. In some instances, finishes are reproduced to match existing stonework or perhaps to accentuate a band course. Specifying the texture is critical and you should always ensure that the precise description is agreed with the quarry at the time of bill preparation.

The walling texturesThe inherent flexibility of Natural Stone means there are a wide variety of textures and finishes available, of which four of the most beautiful and practical have been designed into the Stancliffe Architectural Masonry Range.

Pitched faceHistorically a way of flattening stone for use in a wide range of buildings, the pitched face has now become the most common finish for use in housing and commercial developments throughout the northern half of the British Isles. Originally produced by hand, it is now made using the latest technology at both our Locharbriggs and Grangemill facilities.

Split faceWhere a less pronounced, flatter texture than pitched face is required, then split face may provide the answer. This is where the stone is processed through a cropping machine to leave a raw face. Because of the intrinsic nature of the sedimentary rocks, it is common for the stone to split with either a convex or a concave face and this can result in some variation of the bed width. Where this is inappropriate, further site working of the stone should be specified.

CottageLocal planning requirements and the increasing difficulty in finding reliable sources of reclaimed material for sensitive locations can make sourcing natural stone a problem. Cottage walling from Stancliffe, can provide the ideal solution. Split faced stone is further processed by tumbling to create a stone which has eroded arrises, but still has sawn beds and perpends to allow easy construction.

Rubbed faceThis is a finely dressed walling style. Which is based on a 10mm joint rather than the 5mm which is usual for a bespoke product.

These blocks are finely finished to give the overall appearance of the bespoke solution, but at the price and availability of standard components.

Walling finish & size optionsFinishes available in 140 mm and 215 mm course heights. (See table)

Pitched face 140/215 mm Split face 140 mm only

Cottage 140/215 mm Rubbed face 140/215 mm

All the standard formats have both bed and perpend faces sawn and square. The bed dimension is a nominal 100 mm and all the units are of random length. The course tolerance is ± 5 mm, except rubbed face where it is 3 mm.

The stones come on timber pallets and are shrink-wrapped.

Combinations of course heights can give an highly effective traditional wall.

140 mm 215 mm

Pitched face ✓ ✓

Split face ✓ ✗

Cottage ✓ ✓

Rubbed face ✓ ✓

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Unit sizes and bed heightsWhen looking at design, detailed consideration should be given to stone unit sizes, since these will vary depending on the stone chosen. The natural bed heights for some quarries for example are limited to a maximum of 400 mm – where as in other quarries bed highs of 1500 mm can be achieved. Once again, early discussion with the quarry will be advantageous in ensuring that design requirements are realisable.

Cost managementConsultation with the quarry can often help in cost engineering a project to fit your budget.

Standard productsStandard stone products are available, generally consisting of units designed for use with a 10 mm joint and a 2-3 mm unit size tolerance. These can often be fixed with non-specialist masonry fixings and non-specialist labour – although knowledge of stone and its fixing is still advisable.

We have also developed a set of standard masonry units which may be used as an off the peg solution.

Bespoke productsWhen a standard solution is not appropriate then a bespoke solution should be developed. Achieving designs where the stone seemingly hangs in the air through to arrangements with complimentary materials, project-specific designs allow the designer to show what stone is capable of.

The involvement of the quarrying company, alongside fixing companies and fixing manufacturers will ensure that the design team are given the most appropriate advice. Stancliffe is delighted to instigate this partnering process.

CDMWhen discussing unit sizes CDM considerations come into play. Designers should be aware of the mass of the units and then appropriate measures can be adopted. Specialist fixing companies will ensure that adequate or special scaffolding and lifting equipment is included in the fixing rates.

Further sources of informationBuilding Research EstablishmentGarston, Watford WD25 9XXTelephone: 01923 664 000Facsimile: 01923 664 098www.bre.co.uk

British Geological SurveyKingsley Dunham CentreKeyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GGTelephone: 0115 936 3100Facsimile: 0115 936 3200www.thebgs.co.uk

BSI389 Chiswick High RoadLondon W4 4ALTelephone: 020 8996 9000Facsimile: 020 8996 7001www.bsi-global.com

Stone Federation Great BritainChannel Business CentreIngles Manor, Castle Hill AvenueFolkestone, Kent CT20 2RDTelephone: 01303 856 123Facsimile: 01303 221 095Email: jane.buxey@stone-federationgb.org.ukwww.stone-federationgb.org.uk

British Standards in natural stoneBS 8298:1994 Code of practice for design and installation

of natural stone cladding and lining.BS 5628-1:1992 Code of practice for use of masonry.

Structural use of unreinforced masonry.BS 5642-1:1978 Sills and copings. Specification for window

sills of precast concrete, cast stone, clayware, slate and natural stone.

BS 5642-2:1983 Sills and copings. Specification for copings of precast concrete, cast stone, clayware, slate and natural stone.

BSEN 1469:2004 Natural stone products. Slabs for cladding. Requirements.

BS 8221-1:2000 Code of practice for cleaning and surface repair of buildings. Cleaning of natural stones, brick, terracotta and concrete.

BS 8221-2:2000 Code of practice for cleaning and surface repair of buildings. Surface repair of natural stones, brick and terracotta.

BSEN 1341:2001 Slabs of natural stone for external paving. Requirements and test methods.

BSEN 1342:2001 Setts of natural stone for external paving. Requirements and test methods.

BSEN 1343:2001 Kerbs of natural stone for external paving. Requirements and test methods.

BSEN 772-4:1998 Methods of test for masonry units. Determination of real and bulk density and of total and open porosity for natural stone masonry units.

BSEN 1052-1:1999 Methods of test for masonry. Determination of compressive.

BSEN 1052-2:1999 Methods of test for masonry. Determination of flexural strength.

BSEN 12370:1999 Natural stone test methods. Determination of resistance to salt crystallization.

BSEN 12372:1999 Natural stone test methods. Determination of flexural strength under concentrated load.

BSEN 1925:1999 Natural stone test methods. Determination of water absorption coefficient by capillarity.

BSEN 1926:1999 Natural stone test methods. Determination of compressive strength.

BSEN 1936:1999 Natural stone test methods. Determination of real density and apparent density and of total and open porosity.

BSEN 772-11:2000 Methods of test for masonry units. Determination of water absorption of aggregate concrete, manufactured stone and natural stone masonry units due to capillary action and the initial rate of water absorption of clay masonry units.

BSEN 772-20:2000 Methods of test for masonry units. Determination of flatness of faces of aggregate concrete, manufactured stone and natural stone masonry units.

BSEN 12371:2001 Natural stone test methods. Determination of frost resistance.

BSEN 12440:2001 Natural stone. Denomination criteria.BSEN 771-6:2001 Specification for masonry units. Natural

stone masonry units.BSEN 12670:2002 Natural stone. Terminology.BSEN 13364:2002 Natural stone test methods. Determination

of the breaking load at dowel hole.BSEN 13373:2003 Natural stone test methods. Determination

of geometric characteristics on units.BSEN 13755:2002 Natural stone. Test methods. Determination

of water absorption at atmospheric pressure.BSEN 13919:2002 Natural stone test methods. Determination

of resistance to ageing by SO action in the presence of humidity.

BSEN 14066:2003 Natural stone test methods. Determination of resistance to ageing by thermal shock.

BSEN 14147:2003 Natural stone test methods. Determination of resistance to ageing by salt mist.

BSEN 14205:2003 Natural stone test methods. Determination of Knoop hardness.

BSEN 14231:2003 Natural stone test methods. Determination of the slip resistance by means of the pendulum tester.

BSEN 1467:2003 Natural stone. Rough blocks. Requirements.BSEN 1468:2003 Natural stone. Rough slabs. Requirements.BSEN 14146:2004 Natural stone test methods.

Determination of the dynamic modulus of elasticity (by measuring the fundamental resonance frequency).

BSEN 14158:2004 Natural stone test methods. Determination of rupture energy.

BSEN 14579:2004 Natural stone test methods. Determination of sound speed propagation.

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Glossary of natural stone termsRocksIgneous rock rock formed by cooling and

consolidation of magma – the fluid melt of rock material.

Metamorphic rock re-crystalised rock derived from pre-existing solid rock masses by the action of heat, pressure or fluids.

Slate rock derived from argillaceous sediments or volcanic ash by metamorphism – characterised by cleavage planes independent of original stratification.

Sedimentary rock rock formed by deposition – usually in water – of particles of organic or inorganic origin.

Sandstone sedimentary rock composed of sand grains naturally cemented together.

Gritstone sandstone with coarse and usually angular grains.

Limestone sedimentary rock consisting predominantly of calcium carbonate.

Magnesian limestone limestone containing appreciable

amounts of magnesium.

Oolite sedimentary rock, usually limestone, characterized by small, spherical grains.

Rock termsStone portion of rock for use in construction.

Often loosely used as equivalent to rock.

Quarry sap natural moisture in freshly quarried rock.

Cleavage plane plane along which certain rocks can be split readily. Also cutting way and quartering way – regional.

Shake fracture which occurs across the surface of rock and breaks across the cleavage plane.

Seasoning process of storing stone after quarrying to reduce its moisture content and bring it to a proper condition for use.

Clay hole hole varying from 5 mm to 25 mm diameter, filled with clay – a defect often found in limestone and sandstone when breaking down large blocks.

Sand hole hole varying from 5 mm to 25 mm diameter, filled with sand – a defect often found in sandstone when breaking down large blocks.

Flagstone sedimentary rock easily separated into flat slabs.

Freestone building stone workable in any direction.

Rag hard, rubbley or coarsely shelly stone.

Rubble stone of irregular shape and size.

StoneworkApex stone top stone of a gable, spire or pediment.

Barge projecting stone drip at the base of a chimneystack designed to throw off water. Also berge – Scotland.

Bedstone large, flat stone upon which a machine or structural member is mounted or bedded.

Bonder stone used to tie a skin of a wall into the hearting.

Jumper stone that bonds two or more stones horizontally or vertically.

Kneeler stone with sloping top and level bed in a gable coping designed to prevent copings from slipping.

Springer kneeler at the base of a gable, or the lowest stone of an arch.

Pinnings series of small shallow stones introduced at intervals to make up the height of certain courses.

Spur stone stone suitably shaped and fixed at the corner of a building or opening to prevent damage to the structure from traffic. Also pawl stone – Scotland.

Through stone bonder that extends through the entire thickness of a wall.

Parpend through stone faced on both ends.

Mason’s mitre apparent joint at the intersection of two splayed planes or mouldings, formed by shaping the corner out of solid stone, so that adjacent blocks can be butt jointed.

Saddle joint raised joint on a weathered surface, such as cornice or coping, to prevent entry of water.

Stooling raising of a sloping surface, as on a sill, to provide level seating.

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ConstructionBlock in course method of wall construction providing

stability by the self-weight of large blocks of hard stone with worked beds and hammered faces, laid in courses.

Hearting infilling of broken stone.

Ashlar wallings of plain blocks of stone, finely dressed and jointed to given dimensions, and laid in courses.

Rubble wall wall made of stone rubble.

Coursed rubble wall rubble wall laid in courses.

Polygonal wall rubble wall, the stone of which may be roughly worked to fit adjacent stones.

Random rubble wall rubble wall laid uncoursed.

Squared rubble wall random rubble wall constructed of squared stone.

Snecked wall square rubble wall with small stones – snecks – introduced to make up the bed for bonding.

Drystone wall stone wall constructed without mortar. Also dry wall.

OperationsCement joggle V-shaped sinking – grout nick – in the side

joint of each adjacent stone in the same course – after fixing, two sinkings together form a rectangular hole that is filled with cement grout in order to prevent lateral movement.

Grit blasting method of cleaning or finishing using an abrasive in a stream of compressed air with or without water. Also sand blasting.

Face bedding laying of stone with the bedding plane running vertically and parallel to the face of a wall.

Hollow bedding setting of blocks with mortar at the ends only, the centre portion being left hollow to guard against breakage in case of settlement.

Joint bedding laying of stone with the bedding plane running parallel to the joint to distribute the stress as in the voussoirs of an arch.

External mitring forming a mason’s mitre, the seen faces of which make an angle of more than 180º.

Internal mitring forming a mason’s mitre, the seen faces of which make an angle of less than 180º.

Piecing in cutting out a decayed or damaged section from stone and inserting new stone. Also indenting – Scotland.

Poulticing method of drawing soluble salts or stains out of stone by applying an absorbent diatomaceous earth mixed to a paste with water or solvent.

Slurrying protecting a finished surface by coating with a weak mix of lime and stone dust to prevent staining. The slurry is washed off on completion of the job.

Kerf groove made by saw.

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Stone dressingBlock stone stone roughly squared at the quarry.

Boasted for carving reduced by rough dressing, usually with a point tool, to approximately the form required by sculptor.

Clean back back surfaces of stone dressed to provide a reasonable face for unseen areas.

Rock faced having a face produced naturally.

Dressed having any kind of worked finish.

Hammer dressed having a rough face prepared with a hammer.

Rubbed having a smooth finish obtained by rubbing stone with abrasives.

Sanded having a finish obtained by rubbing or blasting with abrasive.

Shotted having a face resulting from grinding with steel shot by means of a heavy perforated steel plate used in a polishing machine.

Honed having a dull polish or a matt surface.

Boasted having a finish with a comparatively smooth surface produced by dressing with a boaster. Also droved – Scotland.

Boaster chisel 50 mm wide for dressing stone to a comparatively smooth surface. Also drover – Scotland.

Axed having a surface obtained by using an axe, a patent axe or a bush hammer.

Picked having a dressing obtained by means of a pick or point tool. Also pecked.

Sparrow pecked having an even textured finish made by means of a pick or point tool. Also stugged – Scotland.

Dabbed having a fine and close sparrow pecked finish made with a sharp point. Also dabbled – Scotland.

Reeded having a textured surface consisting of a regular series of convex ridges.

Fluted having a surface worked into a regular series of concave grooves.

Furrowed having a textured surface consisting of small flutes.

Batted having a regular pattern of fluted cuts in a stone face obtained by using a batting tool in parallel strokes – each traversing the full depth of the stone face.

Batting tool broad-faced chisel for batting or making a fine, tooled finish. Also broad tool – deprecated.

Pitched having a surface produced by a pitching tool to resemble the natural rock face. Also pinched – Scotland.

Pitching tool tool similar to a large chisel, but with a flat edge in place of a sharp edge. Also pincher – Scotland.

Riven having a surface produced by splitting along the cleavage planes. Also cloven.

Knapped flint flint cobbles or nodules split across and used in walls with the split face showing.

Dressed slate slate having a bevelled edge as left by a dressing knife or guillotine, as opposed to a sawn edge.

Polished slate slate having a finish similar to rubbed.

Tooled having a dressed finish showing tool marks.

Punched having a finish obtained by removing larger irregularities by means of a point tool.

Dragged having all irregularities on the exposed surfaces of soft stone worked off by the use of a drag. Also combed.

Drag tool made of plate steel, for finishing the surface of soft stone and half elliptical in shape with teeth on the straight edge. Also comb – deprecated.

Nidged having a fine dressing made with a chisel. Generally applied to kerbs.

Vermiculated having a dressed finish taking the form of irregularly shaped sinkings – resulting in winding, worm-like ridges.

Drafted margin tooled margin from 20 mm to 50 mm wide worked on the edge of a rough-faced stone, to enable it to be squared or plumbed.

Rusticated stone having a sunk, dressed margin.

For information on further natural stone terms, please contact us. Contact details are provided on the back cover of this brochure.

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Stancliffe Stone Company LtdSuppliers of Natural Stone

Stancliffe Stone Company LtdGrangemill, Matlock Derbyshire DE4 4BW

Telephone: 01629 653 000Facsimile: 01629 650 996Email: [email protected]

Locharbriggs SandstoneLocharbriggs, Dumfries Dumfries & Galloway DG1 1QS

Telephone: 01387 711 511 Facsimile 01387 711 358Email: [email protected]

Stoke Hall QuarryGrindleford, Hope Valley Derbyshire S32 2HW

Telephone: 01433 630 313 Facsimile: 01433 631 353 Email: [email protected]

www.stancliffe.com

Suppliers of Natural StoneAt Stancliffe Stone, we are stone enthusiasts and see it as part of our business mission to promote the use of dimensional building stone to a wider constituency of building designers. Sandstones and limestones in particular are wonderful natural building materials that can be hugely rewarding aesthetically and also practically. Not simply beautiful, but profoundly functional and having unrivalled longevity.

The use of dimensional building stone requires knowledge and understanding, but it richly repays the interest and effort it requires – as so many important modern stone buildings and other structures eloquently testify. If we can assist your working in stone with any information, advice or material help you may require, then we would be delighted to share our expertise, our experience and our products. Please don’t hesitate to contact us.

Stancliffe Stone Company Ltd will not under any circumstances accept liability for any variation in colour or texture between the products as described/depicted in this brochure and the stone supplied by them. Any condition which might be implied by law to the effect that goods supplied will correspond with any description in this brochure as to their colour or texture is hereby excluded.

SS10/05