the brazos county arboretum - brazosmg.com · the brazos county arboretum dedicated on arbor day,...

The Brazos County Arboretum

Dedicated on Arbor Day, April 30, 2010

Brazos County Master Gardener AssociationDemonstration Idea Garden

- Document not to be reproduced without permission of the Brazos County Master Gardener Association -

Texas AgriLife Extension Service Brazos County 2619 Highway 21 WestBryan, Texas 77803

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http://brazosmg.com/get-it-growing

Educational programs of the Texas AgriLife Extension Service are open to all people without regard to race, color, sex, disability, religion, age, or national origin. The Texas A&M University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating.

Brazos County Master Gardener Association

Brazos County Arboretum

- i -

The dedication of the Brazos County Arboretum acknowledges a gift to the Brazos County Master Gardener Association from Ms. Janis Atkins, founder of Brazos Natural Foods. The gift, given in memory of her parents Ira Lee and Mary Dewees, recognizes their life-long dedication to garden-ing and preservation of nature.

Ira Lee and Mary Dewees moved to Bryan, Texas upon Ira Lee’s retirement in 1980. One of the fi rst things they did was plant trees on their new property. In Baytown where they previously resid-ed they grew bay, camphor, oak and pecan trees. They brought seedlings of these trees with them and slowly added tree varieties adapted to this region, primarily oaks, that were readily available at the time. They then built their rose, perennial and vegetable gardens amongst them.

The Dewees were very generous in sharing the bounty of their gardens. Mary especially enjoyed passing along seeds, cuttings and divisions from their garden with her family, friends and neigh-bors as often as she could. The Dewees’ generous and curious nature passed onto their children and grandchildren who were fortunate to spend many moments in the gardens. Together they appreciated the seasonal experiences that nature provides.

The 24 trees that were planted are adapted to the growing conditions of the Brazos Valley and will provide a living, horticultural resource for its citizens to learn from and enjoy. The Arboretum and Demonstration Idea Garden encourages not only community beautifi cation, but also conserva-tion of natural resources. Trees reduce erosion, stabilize soils, provide habitat for wildlife, reduce noise pollution, provide shade and help home owners minimize water and energy use.

This project was made possible through the fi nancial and in-kind donations of Ms. Atkins, the Brazos County Commissioner’s Court, ISA-certifi ed arborists, the Brazos County Road and Bridge Department, Texas AgriLife Extension Agents, Extension Specialists and Brazos County Master Gardeners. Thank you for your contributions.


Brazos County Master Gardener Association - ii -

Bald Cypress (• Taxodium distichum), pg 1

Bur Oak (• Quercus macrocarpa), pg 2

Chinese Fringetree (• Chionanthus retusus), pg 3

Chinese Pistache (• Pistacia chinensis), pg 4

Chinkapin Oak (• Quercus muehlenbergii), pg 5

Crepe Myrtle (• Lagerstroemia indica), pg 6

Lacebark Elm (• Ulmus parvifolia), pg 7

Little Gem Magnolia (• Magnolia grandifl ora ‘Little Gem’), pg8

Live Oak (• Quercus virginiana or Quercus fusiformis), pg 9

Mexican Plum (• Prunus mexicana), pg 10

Monterrey Oak (• Quercus polymorpha), pg 11

Montezuma Cypress (• Taxodium mucronatum or T. distichum var. mexicana), pg 12

Possumhaw (• Ilex decidua), pg 13

Oklahoma Redbud (• Cercis canadensis var. texensis ‘Oklahoma’), pg 14

Texas Redbud (• Cercis canadensis var. texensis), pg 14

Texas Whitebud (• Cercis canadensis var. texensis ‘Texas White’), pg 14

Shumard Oak (• Quercus shumardii), pg 15

Texas Mountain Laurel (• Sophora secundifl ora), pg 16

Vitex (• Vitex agnus-castus), pg 17

Wax Myrtle (• Myrica cerifera), pg 18

References, pg 19-20•

Trees in the Brazos County ArboretumDedicated on Arbor Day, April 30, 2010

Brazos County Master Gardener AssociationDemonstration Idea Garden

- 1 -Brazos County Master Gardener Association


Family TaxodiaceaeDescription This ancient tree is native to our region. It can live for centuries and

might grow 150 feet tall and spread as wide. Plant habit Large, deciduous conifer

Develops an elongated, pyramidal shapeLandscape use Plant as a specimen for a tall focal point or in a group for a robust yet

delicately-textured screen Locate carefully; provide ample space away from structures and utilities

Average mature size 70’ tall x 40’ wideGrowth rate Slow to fast, depending on water availability and soil fertility

Extremely long livedSun exposure SunSoil requirements Acidic to neutral; can become chlorotic in highly alkaline soilsWater requirements Thrives in waterlogged sites; develops root “knees” when planted near

water or in poorly-drained sites (beware if planted in a mown lawn)Tolerates dry conditions; drought tolerant once established

Heat tolerance High; adapts to urban conditions (refl ected street heat and polluted air)Foliage Deciduous, dark green needles; delicate, feathery texture

Yellow-bronze-brown fall colorFlowers Inconspicuous, brownishBlooming period SpringFruit characteristics Wrinkled, rounded conesPests and disease None serious; stressed plants may attract bagworms, spider mites, or

develop crown gall. Resistant to cotton root rot.Other Consider provenance (origin) of the tree; purchase a tree grown from a

regional seed source to ensure adaptability, as nursery stock of un-known origin may not survive (ask your nursery professional)Bald cypresses with a central Texas provenance generally out perform those from Louisiana swamps or the gulf coast which are less tolerant of alkaline soil.

BALD CYPRESSTaxodium distichum

(Taks-OH-de-um DIS-tik-um)Bald Cypress, River Cypress, White Cypress, Yellow Cypress, Red Cypress, Black Cypress,

Southern Cypress, Tidewater Cypress, Gulf Cypress, Sabino Tree

“The most useful of all coniferous trees for limey garden soils breaks with the traditions of its rela-tives by dropping its leaves in autumn… but never was shedding for a more worthy cause. The bald or river cypress turns by stages from its summer grey green, to a glowing fawn, and thence to a rich cinnamon and in its process provides one of the true spectacles of autumn.” - Scott Ogden, Gardening Success with Diffi cult Soils.



Family Fagaceae (white oak group)Description This native giant is considered the longest lived of the oaks. A stately

tree, it can grow 150 feet tall and spread nearly as wide. Plant habit Large, deciduous shade treeLandscape use Locate carefully; provide ample space away from structures and utilities

Plant on southern and western exposures of structures to provide shadeAs canopy matures, understory light conditions may change from sun to full shadeProvides food and shelter to a variety of benefi cial insects and wildlife

Average mature size 60’ tall x 60’ wideGrowth rate ModerateSun exposure SunSoil requirements Any well-drained soil, including alkaline soilsWater requirements Low to medium

Tolerates drought once establishedHeat tolerance High; tolerates urban conditionsFoliage Deciduous

Deep green leavesFlowers Catkins, 4”-6” long, whiteBlooming period SpringFruit characteristics Acorns with fringed cup, can grow to golf ball size

Acorns are a food source to a diverse variety of wildlifeBark Rough corky bark provides winter interestPests and disease None serious; resistant to oak wiltOther Can develop a deep tap root system

Straight trunk and large branches (common to white oaks) are ideal hardwood lumber for furniture building

BUR OAKQuercus macrocarpa

(KWER-kus ma-kro-KAR-pa)Burr Oak, Mossycup Oak, Mossy Overcup Oak, Prairie Oak

“An outstanding tree, it should be more widely planted.” - Neil Sperry, Neil Sperry’s Complete Guide to Texas Gardening.



“It is hard to think of a more beautiful, small 20 foot-tall tree than the Chinese fringetree when it is in full bloom.” - Edward Gilman, U.S. Forest Service Fact Sheet ST160

Family OleaceaeDescription An ornamental species from China

Unlike the native fringetree, C. virginicus, which prefers acid soils, the Chinese fringetree is more adaptable to the alkaline soils of the Brazos Valley

Plant habit Large, multi-stemmed shrub or small to medium sized treeDrooping growth habit; may require pruning and/or limbing up as it matures

Landscape use Outstanding ornamental tree Plant in a location where fragrance and blooms can be appreciated

Average mature size 15-20’ tall x 10-15’ wideGrowth rate Slow, but accelerates with regular water and fertilizerSun exposure Part sun/shadeSoil requirements Prefers acid to neutral pH soils, but adapts to alkaline soilsWater requirements Prefers well-drained soils, but tolerates seasonally soggy soil

Tolerates moderate drought, but will require additional water if drought persists

Heat tolerance LowFoliage Deciduous, glossy, dark green leaves

Unremarkable fall colorFlowers Monoecious, both male and female trees fl ower

Male trees typically have larger, showier blossoms 5”-10” panicles of long petaled, white fl owersFragrant

Blooming period Spring, typically for two to three weeksFruit characteristics Female trees produce fruit attractive to birdsPests and disease None seriousOther Messy leaf and twig drop may become a maintenance issue

CHINESE FRINGE TREEChionanthus retusus

(kye-oh-NAN-thus re-TOO-sus)Chinese Fringetree, Fringe Tree



“Add one or more of these trees to your landscape, especially if your space is limited and you want a tough, trouble-free tree for fall color.” - Dale Groom, Dale Groom’s Texas Gardening Guide

Family AnacardiaceaeDescription Introduced from China, this is the ugly duckling of trees: gawky, awk-

ward and lopsided when young, maturing into a symmetrical form with an umbrella-like crown

Plant habit Medium sized shade treeLandscape use Plant as a specimen tree or group several informally to provide an at-

tractive fall foliage display An ideal specimen for a xeric garden

Average mature size 60’ tall x 50’ wideGrowth rate Moderate to fast

Relatively long livedSun exposure Sun, part sun/shadeSoil requirements Tolerates most soils, including those in urban conditions

Develops a deep root system; does not usually interfere with founda-tions

Water requirements Low; prefers dry conditionsHeat tolerance HighFoliage Deciduous

Deep green, pinnately compound leaves with a mild radish-like fra-grance when crushedAutumn hues can range from yellow, gold, salmon, orange, red, scarlet, crimson and maroon, often a brilliant mix on one tree

Flowers Dioecious; fl owers only on female trees Inconspicuous, green/white fl owers

Blooming period SpringBark Zigzag branching and exfoliating bark provide winter interestFruit characteristics Female trees produce red-orange fruit that ripen to purple in the fall, not

usually a maintenance issueAttracts birds and other wildlife

Pests and disease None seriousOther Pruning may be necessary early on to develop a symmetrical structure

CHINESE PISTACHEPistacia chinensis

(piss-TAY-shee-uh chi-NEN-sis)Chinese Pistachio



“An outstanding, but less common oak for landscape use.” - Neil Sperry, Neil Sperry’s Complete Guide to Texas Gardening.

Family Fagaceae (white oak group)Description A Texas Superstar, this native tree is suitable for planting across much

of Texas. Chinkapin oaks have a graceful look at all stages of growth. Plant habit Medium to large shade tree

Upright canopy develops into an open, rounded form as it maturesLandscape use An ideal size and shape for most residential structures

Provides food and shelter to a variety of benefi cial insects and wildlifeAverage mature size 60’ tall x 35’ wideGrowth rate Fast when young, slower as maturesSun exposure SunSoil requirements Adaptable to a wide range of conditions, including alkaline soilsWater requirements Adaptable, but prefers well-drained soils

Drought tolerant once establishedHeat tolerance HighFoliage Deciduous, dark green, glossy, saw-toothed leaves, 4-6” long

Bronze to yellow fall colorFlowers InconspicuousBlooming period SpringFruit characteristics Acorns, deep purple when ripe, are known for their sweetness and are

particularly attractive to wildlifePests and disease None serious; less susceptible to oak wilt than most red and live oaksOther Consider provenance (origin) of the tree; purchase a tree grown from a

regional seed source to ensure adaptability, as nursery stock of un-known origin may not survive (ask your nursery professional)Transplant shock may occur in the fi rst year or two; use nursery grown container plants

CHINKAPIN OAKQuercus muehlenbergii

(KWER-kus mew-len-BERG-ee-eye)Chinquapin Oak, Bray Oak, Chestnut Oak, Rock Chestnut, Rock Oak or Yellow Oak



Family LythraceaeDescription This is by far our region’s most popular ornamental treePlant habit Medium shrub to large tree

Typically multi-trunked, this deciduous shrub or tree grows into an up-right vase form with irregular, ascending branches.

Landscape use Plant as a specimen or in a groupA four seasonal, ornamental plant

Average mature size 25’ tall x 15’ wide (check variety for specifi c mature size)Growth rate Slow to moderate; however, faster growing hybrids are available

Easy to transplant and growSun exposure Sun Soil requirements Tolerates heavy, alkaline soilsWater requirements Tolerates any well-drained soil

Tolerates high humidity and drought, once establishedHeat tolerance HighFoliage Deciduous

Dark green, leathery leavesYellow, russet, and red fall coloration

Flowers Large panicles; color is specifi c to variety (white, red, magenta, coral, purple, pink)

Blooming period Throughout the summerFruit characteristics Small brown seed pods; provide fall and winter interestBark Cinnamon colored, exfoliating; provides winter interestPests and disease Many varieties are susceptible to powdery mildew, sooty mold and

aphids; select a resistant variety Resistant to cotton root rotProviding good air circulation helps to prevent disease

Other Resist the urge to prune, as those left unpruned bloom sooner and heavier than those that are heavily pruned, an effect known as “crepe murder” or “crepicide.”

“[The crepe myrtle is] unrivaled among small fl owering trees in ease of culture, length of bloom period, interesting trunks and many other features.” - Neil Odenwald, Identifi cation, Selection, and Use of Southern Plants for Landscape Design.

CREPE MYRTLELagerstroemia indica

(la-ger-STROO-mee-a IN-dih-kuh)Crape Myrtle, Crapemyrtle, Crepemyrtle



“As a fast growing shade tree in Texas, Lacebark elm is tops.” - Dale Groom, Dale Groom’s Texas Gardening Guide.

Family UlmaceaeDescription A graceful shade tree of fi ne texture, its ornamental value is its lacy-

patterned exfoliating bark and arching branch structurePlant habit Medium shade treeLandscape use Plant as a specimen or in a group

Scaled to fi t most residential structuresAverage mature size 30’ tall x 40’ wideGrowth rate Fast; young trees may require staking

Relatively long livedSun exposure Sun, part sun/shadeSoil requirements Easy to grow in most soil conditions, even in wet, compacted soil

Develops a shallow, fi brous root system; surface rooting is likely in heavy, alkaline soils (plant at least 30’ away from foundations and plant-ing beds to avoid root intrusion)

Water requirements ModerateHeat tolerance High, especially in urban conditions (refl ected street heat)Foliage Deciduous to evergreen (depending on climate)

Dark green, shiny, leathery leavesFlowers Inconspicuous, greenBlooming period FallFruit characteristics Inconspicuous, brownBark Cinnamon colored, exfoliating bark provides year-round interest

Thin bark is vulnerable to string-line trimmers; mulch to drip line of canopy if possible

Pests and disease Resistant to elm leaf beetle, Dutch elm disease and phloem necrosisSusceptible to cotton root rot, particularly in wet conditions and areas where cotton was previously grown

Other Not to be confused with Siberian elm (U. pumila), which should not be planted due to its invasive nature, susceptibility to pests and diseases, overall weak structure and constant leaf/branch litter nuisance.Low maintenance

LACEBARK ELMUlmus parvifolia

(ULM-us par-vee-FOH-lee-uh)Chinese Elm, Chinese Lacebark Elm



Family MagnoliaceaeDescription The southern magnolia is the symbol of the south, considered by many

as the world’s most beautiful fl owering tree. Fossil remains show Magnolia grew 60 million years ago, making it one of the most ancient plants still growing today. Of the many available varieties of M. gran-difl ora, the cultivar ‘Little Gem’ is adaptable to Brazos Valley growing conditions.

Plant habit Medium sized treePyramid shape with straight central trunk

Landscape use Four seasonal ornamental treePlant as a specimen for a beautiful, evergreen focal pointIdeal for smaller locations

Average mature size 25’ tall x 15’ wideGrowth rate Slow

Relatively long livedSun exposure Sun, but tolerates part sun/shadeSoil requirements Adaptable to heavy, alkaline soils

Shallow, dense, and fi brous root system; locate away from foundationsWater requirements Prefers moist, well-drained soilsHeat tolerance HighFoliage Deciduous

Dark, glossy green leaves with rusty velvet undersidesFlowers Large white fl owers (half the size of other M. grandifl ora cultivars)

Slightly fragrantSome repeat bloom

Blooming period SpringFruit characteristics Fuzzy brown seed pods hold bright red seedsPests and disease None seriousOther Constant leaf drop can be a maintenance issue

Provides dense shade at maturity; almost nothing grows underneath

“The Little Gem Magnolia is a stunning small tree for urban landscapes.” - Neil Sperry, Neil Sperry’s Complete Guide to Texas Gardening.

LITTLE GEM SOUTHERN MAGNOLIAMagnolia grandifl ora ‘Little Gem’

(mag-NO-lee-a gran-dih-FLOR-uh)Little Gem Magnolia



Family Fagaceae (white oak group)Description An impressive oak tree with a large, sprawling canopy once mature Plant habit Large shade tree, with a spreading, downward growth habitLandscape use Given proper growing conditions, oaks can grow to a massive size over

a long period of time, producing generous shadeProvides food and shelter to a variety of benefi cial insects and wildlifeLocate carefully; provide ample space away from structures and utilities

Average mature size 60’ tall x 70’ wide (can exceed both) Growth rate Slow to moderate

Long livedSun exposure SunSoil requirements AdaptableWater requirements LowHeat tolerance HighFoliage Evergreen except during short period of leaf change (spring)Flowers Green catkinsBlooming period SpringFruit characteristics AcornsPests and disease Susceptible to oak wiltOther Consider provenance (origin) of the tree; purchase a tree grown from a

regional seed source to ensure adaptability, as nursery stock of un-known origin may not survive (ask your nursery professional)Maintenance may be an issue, as oaks seasonally drop fl owers, acorns and leavesProduces high-quality hardwood

“Botanists see no difference between the coast live oak and the escarpment live oak of the Hill Country, and in terms of how they look, they’re right. They’re both big, powerful looking live oaks. But there’s all the difference in the world in how they grow. The coastal live oak isn’t nearly as drought tolerant; around Houston, it lives in heavy clays, often in seasonally-standing water, and is usually draped with Spanish moss. One other difference; the coastal oaks aren’t as cold tolerant as its escarpment relative. All the live oaks growing between the Hill Country and the Gulf are hybrids of these two. - Sally Waskowski, Native Texas Plants.

“Scarcely any other tree develops the distinctive, spreading habit of the live oaks...” - Scott Ogden, Successful Gardening with Diffi cult Soils.

LIVE OAK TEXAS LIVE OAKQuercus virginiana

(KWER-kus vir-jin-ee-AN-uh)Quercus fusiformis

(KWER-kus fus-EE-for-miss)Coast Live Oak, Southern Live Oak Escarpment Live Oak, West Texas Live Oak



“This is the star of our native plums. Our smaller plums form thickets, but Mexican plum is well-behaved - a tree to enjoy and treasure for years.” - Sally and Andy Wasowski, Native Texas Plants, Landscaping Region by Region.

Family RosaceaeDescription This small, native tree is an excellent four-seasonal ornamentalPlant habit Small to medium sized treeLandscape use Plant as a specimen or in a naturalized border or groveAverage mature size 20-25’ tall x 15-20’ wideGrowth rate Moderate to fast

Diffi cult to transplant from the wild; purchase a nursery-grown specimenSun exposure Sun to part sun/shade

Prefers dappled, understory light conditionsSoil requirements Tolerates most soil conditionsWater requirements Tolerates any well-drained soil; relatively drought tolerantHeat tolerance ModerateFoliage Deciduous, dark green leaves

Yellow-orange fall colorFlowers Small, 1” wide, white fl owers last seven to 10 days

Fragrant and attractive to butterfl iesBlooming period SpringFruit characteristics Red or purple drupes develop in summer, tart tasting

Attractive to birds and wildlife (raccoons, ringtails, opossums and foxes)Bark Exfoliating; provides winter interestPests and disease Relatively free of pests and blightOther Does not typically produce suckers

Thorns on newer branches can be a nuisanceHog Plum (P. regularas) is more adapted to alkaline soilsNative Americans and early settlers harvested the fruit for winter made plum jelly and preserves.

MEXICAN PLUM Prunus mexicana

(PROO-nus meks-sih-KAY-nuh)Big Tree Plum, Inch Plum



Specimens more than ten years old are doing well at the Wildfl ower Center in Austin and at the San Antonio Botanical Gardens. With cold hardiness shown to be at least 5 degrees Fahrenheit, this oak may prove to be a very benefi cial plant for Brazos Valley landscapes.

Family Fagaceae (white oak group)Description This white oak specimen is found in the deep canyons of the Sierra

Madre in northern Mexico, southward to Guatemala and north to the borderlands of West TexasRelatively new to our region, growing tests appear promising for our alkaline soil and winter hardiness zone

Plant habit Medium sized shade treeMatures somewhat smaller than live oaks, needing less sprawling space

Landscape use An excellent shade tree with dense foliage useful in wind and sound abatement, this tree shows promise as a substitute for our live oaks which are prone to oak wilt. Provides food and shelter to a variety of benefi cial insects and wildlife

Average mature size 30-40’ tall x 30-40’ wide; can grow to 80’ given ideal conditionsGrowth rate Fast; grows tall, then spreads in the manner of live oaksSun exposure SunSoil requirements Adaptable to a wide range of soil conditionsWater requirements Prefers moist soils, but adaptable to a wide range of soil conditions

Tolerates drought once established; possible xeriscape plantHeat tolerance HighFoliage Deciduous to evergreen (depending on climatic conditions)

New leaves emerge in spring, light pink to rose or red maturing to blue green

Flowers InconspicuousBlooming period SpringFruit characteristics Acorns provide a food source to diverse array of wildlifeBark Attractive, scalyPests and disease Resistant to oak wiltOther Consider provenance (origin) of the tree; purchase a tree grown from a

regional seed source to ensure adaptability, as nursery stock of un-known origin may not survive (ask your nursery professional)Monterrey oaks are often found as a hybrid with bur oak, chinkipin oak, and red oak parentage, which are more susceptible to disease

MONTERREY OAKQuercus polymorpha

(KWER-kus pol-ee-MOR-fuh)Mexican White Oak, Mexican Oak, Coahuila Oak, Net Leaf White Oak



Family TaxodiaceaeDescription While taxonomists disagree on its classifi cation, this wonderful tree is

closely related to T. distichum (bald cypress) and shares most of its outstanding characteristics, yet is distinct

Plant habit Medium to tall tree with an open, spreading habit(Bald cypress is upright and dense)

Landscape use Plant as a specimen or in a massed group Average mature size 45-80’ tall x 40-50’ wideGrowth rate Slow to fast, depending on water availability and soil fertility

Extremely long livedSun exposure SunSoil requirements Adaptable to a wide range of soil conditionsWater requirements Low; tolerant of dry conditions (more so than bald cypress)

Less tendency to develop root “knees” (good to consider if planted in lawn)

Heat tolerance High; adapts to urban conditions (refl ected street heat and polluted air)Foliage Semi evergreen to evergreen

Light green needles shed in spring and immediately produce new foli-age (earlier than bald cypress)Sheds quickly when temperatures drop to 25 degrees FahrenheitYellow fall color is insignifi cant (unlike bald cypress)

Flowers Male fl owers on long racemes (bald cypress male, short clusters)Blooming period SpringFruit characteristics Globose, brown conesPests and disease None seriousOther May be more salt tolerant than bald cypress

Native to the canyons of Mexico’s Sierra Madres and deep south Texas

MONTEZUMA CYPRESSTaxodium mucronatum or T. distichum var. mexicana

(Taks-OH-de-um muh-kron-AH-tum) or (T. DIS-tik-um meks-sih-KAY-nuh)Montezuma Bald Cypress or Mexican Cypress



“If I had my way, I’d want every gardener in the south to enjoy the winter beauty of Possumhaw.” - Sally Waskowski, Gardening With Native Plants of the South.

Family AquifoliaceaeDescription This ornamental Texas Superstar is a native, deciduous shrub or small

tree prized for its showy fruitPlant habit Medium shrub to small tree with an irregular, spreading and open crownLandscape use Plant as a specimen tree, or group for visual impact (fall berries)

Ideal planted along edges of woodlands or naturalized bordersLow maintenance

Average mature size 15’ tall x 10’ wide (species can vary widely)Growth rate ModerateSun exposure Sun to part sun/shade

Fruits best with at least six hours of sunSoil requirements Adaptable to a wide range of soil conditionsWater requirements Low; drought tolerant once established

Easy to grow in any soil, even with poor drainageHeat tolerance ModerateFoliage Deciduous

At fi rst frost the leaves yellow and dropFlowers Dioecious: fl owers on separate male and female plantsBlooming period SpringFruit characteristics Fruits only on female plant (look for plants with berries at the nursery)

Plant male species to ensure pollination (1 male: 9 female)Red-orange drupes persist through winter (color depends on variety), providing visual interest; wildlife food source

Pests and disease None seriousOther Earth Kind plant: tolerates infrequent watering, poor soils, and is rela-

tively pest and disease freeThis plant gets its name due to its confusion with hawthorn and its at-traction to possums

POSSUMHAWIlex decidua

(EYE-leks dee-SID-yoo-uh)Deciduous Yaupon, Deciduous Holly, Meadow Holly,

Prairie Holly, Welk Holly, Bearberry, Winterberry



“Of all the spring fl owering trees grown on calcareous soils, redbuds (Cercis) are the most cher-ished.” - Scott Ogden, Gardening Success with Diffi cult Soils.

Family LeguminosaeDescription A heavily fl owering, multi-stemmed native tree that can grow up to 40’

tall and widePlant habit Small to medium tree

Horizontal branching forms an irregularly rounded crownLandscape use Plant as a showy specimen tree, or group for a dramatic fl owering

screenExcellent planted along edges of woodland gardens

Average mature size 25’ tall x 25’ wideGrowth rate Moderate to fast

Relatively short life span (average 20-25 years)Sun exposure Sun to part sun/shade; prefers afternoon shadeSoil requirements Adaptable to a wide range of soilsWater requirements Easy to grow in any well-drained soil

Drought resistant once established, but responds to regular wateringHeat tolerance Moderate to highFoliage Deciduous

Large, leathery, heart shaped, glossy leaves that emerge after fl oweringFoliage may be browsed by whitetail deer

Flowers Clusters of small pink, lavender or white fl owers bloom along the branches and trunk prior to leaf emergenceBlooms last longer than other spring fl owering trees

Blooming period Early springBark Thin and easily damaged; mulch to the drip line to prevent damage

Branching pattern provides an interesting winter silhouetteFruit characteristics Seeds are an attractive food source to several bird speciesPests and disease Few serious, but susceptible to borers, leaf rollers and fungal leaf spotOther Varieties interbreed; there are more hybrids than pure forms; leaf

shape, color and fl ower color vary‘Oklahoma,’ ‘Texas Whitebud’ and ‘Forest Pansy’

REDBUDCercis canadensis var. texensis

(SER-sis ka-na-DEN-sis teck-SEN-sis)Oklahoma Redbud, Texas Redbud, Texas Whitebud



“A properly chosen red oak tree will be a long-lived garden companion.” - Scott Ogden, Garden Success with Diffi cult soils.

Family Fagaceae (black oak family)Description A native tree prized for its graceful shape and fall colorPlant habit Large shade tree with a handsome, symmetrical shapeLandscape use Plant as a specimen for a majestic shade tree

Locate carefully; provide ample space away from structures and utilitiesProvides food and shelter to a variety of benefi cial insects and wildlife

Average mature size 60’ tall x 50’ wideGrowth rate Fast

Diffi cult to transplant due to deep taproots; buy stock from a depend-able nursery

Sun exposure SunSoil requirements Tolerates a wide range of soils including heavy, alkaline soilsWater requirements Medium low

Does not tolerate wet, poorly-drained soilsDrought tolerant once established

Heat tolerance HighFoliage Deciduous

Lustrous green, deeply cut, symmetrical leavesCrimson red, russet, bronze and deep maroon fall color

Flowers Inconspicuous green or brown catkinsBlooming period SpringFruit characteristics Small 1” striated acornsPests and disease Susceptible to oak wilt, otherwise relatively free from pests and diseaseOther Consider provenance (origin) of the tree; purchase a tree grown from a

regional seed source to ensure adaptability, as nursery stock of un-known origin may not survive (ask your nursery professional)Shumard and texas oaks readily hybridize resulting in many intermedi-ate formsPurchase an oak in fall to see its color; several cold snaps may be nec-essary to trigger color change

SHUMARD OAKQuercus shumardii

(KWER-kus shoo-MARD-ee-eye)Shumard’s Oak, Shumard Red Oak, Spanish Oak, Spotted Oak



Family FabaceaeDescription This harbinger of spring is a native evergreen with luxuriant foliage and

intensely fragrant, deep violet fl ower clusters. All parts of this plant are poisonous – children, pets and the unaware need be cautioned.

Plant habit Narrow and upright, maturing into an open canopyTypically multi-stemmed

Landscape use Plant as a specimen or in a group for visual impactIdeal for small locationsPlant in a location where the fragrant blossoms can be enjoyed

Average mature size 20’ tall x 15’ wideGrowth rate Slow

Diffi cult to propagate and transplant due to its sensitive root system, thus larger specimens are relatively expensive in the nursery trade

Sun exposure Sun; may benefi t from afternoon shade when youngSoil requirements Tolerates alkaline conditionsWater requirements Prefers any well-drained soilHeat tolerance High; tolerates urban growing conditionsFoliage Evergreen

Glossy, green leaves are thick and leathery, providing dense coverageFlowers Purple fl ower panicles

Very fragrantBlooming period SpringFruit characteristics Long hairy seed pods; white or red seeds are poisonousPests and disease None seriousOther Earth Kind plant: tolerates infrequent watering, poor soils, and is rela-

tively pest and disease freeMay need protection from a severe winter in the Brazos ValleyBefore 1000 A.D., Texas Indians brewed a ceremonial, hallucinogenic drink made from a mixture of powder ground from a seed and mescal (Agave) to communicate with the spirit world. In 1539, Cabeza de Vaca reported use of the red bean (seed) used in trading goods. At that time, a six foot necklace of beans could buy a small horse.

“For drought tolerance, no pests and ease of growing, our Texas Mountain Laurel is hard to beat.” - Paul Groom, Texas Gardening Guide.

TEXAS MOUNTAIN LAURELSophora secundifl ora

(SOF-or-uh sek-und-ee-FLOR-uh)Mescal Bean, Colorino, Frigolito, Frigillito, Big Drunk Bean



Family VerbenaceaeDescription This tough fl owering shrub is native to southern Europe and western

Asia; it is well adapted to the southern U.S. and is an excellent plant for Brazos Valley soils. Long was a favorite in early Texas gardens, it is regaining its popularity because of its beauty and durability both as a tall, spreading shrub and as a small landscape tree with a broad, round crown.

Plant habit Large, multi-stemmed shrub or small multi-stemmed treeLandscape use Plant as a specimen or in a group

Many ornamental features; however, winter interest is minorAverage mature size 10-15’ tall x 15-20’ wideGrowth rate Moderate to fast; easy to grow

Relatively short livedSun exposure Sun, part sun/shadeSoil requirements Tolerates most soil conditionsWater requirements Prefers dry to well-drained soils; tolerant of drought conditionsHeat tolerance Moderate-highFoliage Deciduous

Palmate, sage green, aromatic leavesFlowers Lavender panicles bloom on new growth

Also available in blue (V. caerula), white (V. alba) and pink (V. rosea)Attract butterfl ies

Blooming period During May/June and sporadically throughout the summerFruit characteristics Inconspicuous black fruitPests and disease None serious; occasional leaf fungus may cause leaf dropOther Considered a heritage plant; as early as 400 B.C. Hippocrates used

vitex in medical treatments. Its legendary use to lessen libido accounts for its common name. Used as a pepper substitute. Leaves have a sedative effect and blooms can be used to make perfume.

VITEXVitex agnus-castus

(VY-teks AG-nus KAS-tus)Lilac Chaste Tree, Chaste Tree, Wild Lavender, Sage Tree, Hemp Tree,

Monk’s Pepper Tree, Wild Pepper, Abraham’s Balm, Tree of Chastity



This heritage plant has been cultivated since 1699. Early settlers in the Brazos Valley boiled the leaves and fruit to extract the wax for making candles. Specialty candle stores across the U.S. still feature “Bayberry candles” made from M. pennsylvanica. A dwarf variety, M. pusilla is also available.

Family MyricaceaeDescription A large, native shrub that can also be trimmed into a multi-stemmed

treePlant habit Medium shrub to small treeLandscape use A versatile landscape plant

Plant as a specimen tree and prune to accentuate its irregular, multiple trunks or plant in a group to provide a tall dense screenIdeal size for neighborhood lots

Average mature size 15’ tall x 10’ wideGrowth rate Fast, easy to grow

Relatively short livedSun exposure Sun, part sun/shadeSoil requirements Prefers acidic conditions but is adaptable to alkaline soilsWater requirements Drought tolerant once established, but responds to regular watering

Tolerant of wet and poorly-drained soil conditionsHeat tolerance Medium; tolerant of urban growing conditionsFoliage Evergreen to semi-evergreen

Waxy, dark green foliage, fragrant if crushedFlowers Dioecious; fl owers on both male and female plants

Small, inconspicuous yellow green-fl owersBlooming period SpringFruit characteristics Female plants produce attractive, waxy blue berry clusters which persist

until eaten by birds (40 bird species dine on wax myrtles, including bob-white quail and turkey); foliage is not usually browsed by deer

Pests and disease None seriousOther May develop suckers and root sprouts; remove as needed

Brittle wood may break in ice stormsLeaf drop may be extreme in cold temperatures

WAX MYRTLEMyrica cerifera

(MY-ri-ka ker-EE-fer-uh)Bayberry, Sweet Oak, Spiceberry, Tallow shrub, Waxberry, Candleberry



REFERENCES

Austin Energy Green Building Program.• Xeriscape for Central Texas. Revised Edition, Austin, TX: Austin Energy Green Building Program, 2002.

Bender, Steve.• The Southern Living Garden Book (revised), Birmingham, Alabama: Ox-moor House, 2004.

Texas Certifi ed Nursery Professional Committee.• Best of Texas Landscape Guide. Aus-tin, TX: Texas Nursery & Landscape Association, undated.

Breneman, Karen M.• Gardening with Nature in Texas, Plano, Texas: Republic of Texas Press, 2002.

Cox, Paul W. and Patty Leslie.• Texas Trees, San Antonio, Texas: Corona Publishing Co. 1988.

Garrett, Howard J.• Howard Garrett’s Plants for Texas, Austin, Texas: The University of Texas Press, 1996.

Garrett, Howard J.• Howard Garrett’s Texas Trees, Taylor Trade Publishing Co., 2002.

Gartin, P.J. and Brian Smith.• Some Like It Hot-Plants That Thrive in Hot and Humid Weather, Charleston, South Carolina: Wyrick and Company, 2004.

Gilman, Edward F. and Dennis G. Watson.• Chionanthus retusus - Chinese Fringetree, U.S. Forest Service, Fact Sheet ST160 November, 1993.

Groom, Dale.• Dale Groom’s Texas Gardening Guide (Revised Edition), Nashville, Ten-nessee: Cool Springs Press, 2002.

Hazeltine, Cheryl and Joan Filveroff.• The Central Texas Gardener, College Station, Texas; Texas A & M University Press, 1986.

Hazeltine, Cheryl and Barry Lovelace.• The New Central Texas Gardener, College Sta-tion, Texas; Texas A & M University Press, 1999.

King, Andrew R.• Horticulture Update - Fringetrees (Chionanthus spp.) Jan-Feb 2008, College Station, Texas: Texas Agrilife Extension Service.

Odenwald, Neil and James Turner.• Identifi cation, Selection and Use of Southern Plants for Landscape Design, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; Claitor’s Publishing Division, 1987.

Ogden, Scott.• Gardening Success with Diffi cult Soils, Dallas, Texas; Taylor Publishing Company, 1992.

Prendergast, David and Ann Prendergast.• The Tree Doctor, Buffalo, New York; Firefl y Press, 2003.

Simpson, Benny J.• A Field Guide to Texas Trees, Austin Texas; Texas Monthly Press, 1988.

Sperry, Neil.• Neil Sperry’s Complete Guide to Texas Gardening (Second Edition), Dallas, Texas; Taylor Publishing Company, 1991.

The World of Trees, Ortho Books, Undated.•



REFERENCES (CONT’D)

Vines, Robert A.• Trees, Shrubs and Woody Vines of the Southwest, Austin, Texas; The University of Texas Press, 1960.

Wasowski, Sally and Andy Wasowski.• Gardening with Native Plants of the South, Dallas, Texas, 1994.

Wasowski, Sally and Andy Wasowski.• Native Texas Plants; Landscaping Region by Re-gion (Second Edition), Houston, Texas; Gulf Publishing 1997.

Welsh, Doug.• Doug Welsh’s Garden Almanac, College Station, Texas; Texas A&M Uni-versity Press, 2007.

the brazos county arboretum - brazosmg.com · the brazos county arboretum dedicated on arbor day,...

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