itto the briquette and improve charcoal products to potential users for uptake conduct cost-benefit...

INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER ORGANIZATION

ITTO

PROJECT PROPOSAL

TITLE: ENHANCING INDUSTRIAL AND COMMUNITY UTILIZATION OF WOOD RESIDUES THROUGH BRIQUETTE AND CHARCOAL PRODUCTION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND LIVELIHOOD IMPROVEMENT IN GHANA

SERIAL NUMBER: PD 660/12 Rev.3 (I)

COMMITTEE: FOREST INDUSTRY

SUBMITTED BY: GOVERNMENT OF GHANA

ORIGINAL LANGUAGE: ENGLISH

SUMMARY: In normal operation of wood processing large quantities of wood residue are generated. These form environmental hazards and poor aesthetics. Investment opportunities also exist for converting wood residues into other usable products which when marketed domestically and internationally will contribute significantly to foreign exchange earnings, rural employment and income generation to improve the livelihood of the rural and urban population. It is possible to use the residue to generate energy for domestic and industrial applications through improved charcoal and briquette production. Briquettes produced from sawdust and other industrial wood residues will prevent the further destruction of the country’s forest resources. The project supports integration of wood residue utilization into the national forest resources management programme and policy interventions so as to ensure sustainable support for market development and maintain community uptake. IMPLEMENTING AGENCY: CSIR – FORESTRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF

GHANA

COLLABORATING INSTITUTIONS: FORESTRY COMMISSION KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (KNUST)

DURATION: 36 MONTHS

BUDGET AND PROPOSED SOURCES OF FINANCING:

SOURCE

CONTRIBUTION IN US$

ITTO 705,107

Govt. of Ghana 101,636

TOTAL 806,743

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Project Brief .................................................................................................................................................... iii List of abbreviations ......................................................................................................................................... v List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................. vi List of Tables .................................................................................................................................................. vi Map of Project Area ....................................................................................................................................... vii 1 PART 1: PROJECT CONTEXT ............................................................................................................ 1

1.1 Origin ..................................................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Relevance .............................................................................................................................................. 2

1.2.1 Conformity with ITTO’s Objectives and Priorities ...................................................................... 2

1.2.2 Relevance to the Submitting Country’s Policies ........................................................................ 4

1.3 Target area ............................................................................................................................................ 4

1.3.1 Geographic Location ................................................................................................................. 4

1.3.2 Social, Cultural, Economic and Environmental Aspects ............................................................ 6

1.4 Expected Outcomes at Project Completion............................................................................................ 8

2 PART 2: PROJECT RATIONALE and OBJECTIVES ......................................................................... 9

2.1 Rationale ............................................................................................................................................... 9

2.1.1 Institutional Set-up and Organizational Issues .......................................................................... 9

2.1.2 Stakeholders Analysis ............................................................................................................. 10

2.1.3 Problem Analysis ................................................................................................................... 13

2.1.4 Logical Framework Matrix ....................................................................................................... 16

2.2 Objectives ............................................................................................................................................ 20

2.2.1 Development Objective and Impact Indicators ....................................................................... 21

2.2.2 Specific Objective and Outcome Indicators ............................................................................ 21

3 PART 3: DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT INTERVENTIONS .............................................................. 22

3.1 Outputs and Activities .......................................................................................................................... 22

3.1.1 Outputs .................................................................................................................................. 22

3.1.2 Activities .................................................................................................................................. 23

3.2 Implementation Approaches and Methods ........................................................................................... 24

3.3 Work Plan ............................................................................................................................................ 26

3.4 Budget ................................................................................................................................................. 29

3.4.1 Master Budget Schedule ........................................................................................................ 29

3.4.2 Consolidated Budget by Component ...................................................................................... 42

3.4.3 ITTO Budget by Component ................................................................................................... 46

3.4.4 Executing Agency Budget by Component .............................................................................. 47

3.5 Assumptions, Risks, Sustainability ....................................................................................................... 48

3.5.1 Assumptions and Risks ........................................................................................................... 48

3.5.2 Sustainability ........................................................................................................................... 48

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4 PART 4: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS ............................................................................. 49

4.1 Organization Structure and Stakeholder Involvement Mechanisms ..................................................... 49

4.1.1 Executing Agency and Partners .............................................................................................. 49

4.1.2 Project Management Team ..................................................................................................... 51

4.1.3 Project Steering Committee .................................................................................................... 51

4.1.4 Stakeholder Involvement Mechanisms .................................................................................... 51

4.2 Report, Review, Monitoring and Evaluation ......................................................................................... 52

4.3 Dissemination and Mainstreaming Of Project Learning ....................................................................... 52

4.3.1 Dissemination of Project Results ........................................................................................... 52

4.3.2 Mainstreaming of Project Learning ......................................................................................... 52

ANNEX 1. PROFILES OF THE EXECUTING AND COLLABORATING AGENCIES ................................ 54 ANNEX 2. TASKS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY EXPERTS PROVIDED BY THE

EXECUTING AGENCY. ............................................................................................................ 56 ANNEX 3. CHANGES IN RESPONSE TO 44th EXPERT PANEL COMMENTS ....................................... 69 ANNEX 4. CHANGES IN RESPONSE TO 45th EXPERT PANEL COMMENTS ....................................... 72 ANNEX 5. TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR POLICY CONSULTANT ......................................................... 75 ANNEX 6. CHANGES IN RESPONSE TO 46th EXPERT PANEL COMMENTS ....................................... 75

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PROJECT BRIEF

Woodfuel consisting of firewood and charcoal is one of the main forest products in Ghana. It accounts for more than 70 percent of the total primary energy supply and about 60 percent of total energy demand. Majority of both the rural and urban households use woodfuel for cooking and water heating purposes. The use of woodfuel is not limited to domestic purposes, but is also used in local breweries, baking, fish processing, chop bar operators. Apart from meeting the energy needs of most people, woodfuel production and marketing help in generating income for most rural community dwellers. The production and consumption of woodfuel in the country is however faced with challenges of unsustainable production practices, conversion and end-use inefficiencies and waste resulting in forest depletion, health related problems and biodiversity loss. Due to the impacts of increasing population, urbanization and relatively unstable price and supply in alternative energy sources such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), consumption of fuelwood will remain high and probably increased. This high demand coupled with unsustainable production practices will put the country’s forest and woodlands resources which supply bulk of woodfuel under intense pressure. Since the demand for woodfuel will continue to increase, there is the need to effectively and efficiently turn the logging and milling residues into briquette and charcoal through the use of improved carbonization methods and binders. Promoting sustainable development and efficient utilization of logging and milling residues in tropical Africa, could assist in arresting the current woodfuel supply problems.The continuing depletion of African forests poses serious environmental and economic problems to communities that depend directly on the forest for their livelihood. The dwindling forests in Ghana have put great pressure on the wood industry and utilizing their residues effectively could reduce the environmental and health problems associated with the burning of these residues in the milling yards. The project is concerned with a comprehensive research with strong collaboration with local communities endowed with forest resources and local industries on many aspects of the collection and, processing of logging and milling residues for domestic and industrial use. The most important activities in this project include the following Capacity for local communities and Industrial utilization of wood residues for briquette and improved charcoal production strengthened.

Some of the activities to be executed under this project are as follows:

Estimation of types and volumes of residues from logging and timber processing mills Conduct socioeconomic studies on wood residue utilization for briquette and improved charcoal

production Build capacities of communities and timber industries in briquette and improved charcoal

production and marketing Review relevant policy measures, and institutional arrangements associated with wood residues

utilization Identify policy gaps and institutional arrangements related to wood residues utilization for

briquette and charcoal production and marketing Identification of policy options (Identify operational requirements for the promotion and

implementation of procedures and framework for integrated wood residue utilization) Identification of existing linkages and collaborations between the timber industry and micro-

entreprises Workshops to validate gaps and policy options Select (detailed equipment designs, cost), order and install equipment Identify, train operators and commission equipment Conduct quality analysis of briquette and improved charcoal (calorific value) Assess the amount of emissions (volatile products) and distillates (chemicals released) from the

production processes of briquette and charcoal Distribute the briquette and improve charcoal products to potential users for uptake Conduct cost-benefit analysis of various production techniques Train relevant stakeholders (Local communities, District Assemblies, Timber industries) in the

production and marketing of briquette and improved charcoal products Promote the adoption and use of briquette and improved charcoal products and production

techniques to the communities

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Organize seminars for senior government officials and national policy actors to promote the concept of utilization of wood residue

Preparation of policy briefs, flyers and manuals Develop an elaborate proposal for policy interventions to promote wood residue utilization

The project will last for 3 years. The industrial partner will mainly be active in making available their logging and milling residues. The project will formally end with a workshop in Ghana to ensure that the results gain the attention of Government officials, metropolitan and district assemblies, international organizations as well as consulting engineers and contractors.The project results would be sustained by the following means: Technically, since the project involves the collection and processing of logging and milling available in the wood industries in the communities and the products will be tested by other micro and small scale users, all these actors will ensure the periodic maintenance of the facilities. Again, since FORIG and universities are involved in the project, the facility will serve as pilot site for students and local students from KNUST. Politically, domestic energy supply is of utmost importance to the government and therefore the support and commitment of government to the objectives of the project is assured for the sustenance of the project. The total budget amount requested from ITTO is US$ 705,107. The contribution of the executing agency is US$ 101,636.00. Of the ITTO budget, 27% is allocated to project personnel and 25% is allocated to capital items.

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS KNUST Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research FORIG Forestry Research Institute of Ghana ITTO International Tropical Timber Organization FAWAG Furniture and Wood Products Association of Ghana GTMO Ghana Timber Millers Organization GTA Ghana Timber Association NGO Non-Governmental Organization FC Forestry Commission DSA Daily Subsistence Allowance

FSD Forest Service Division

FRNR Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources

FFRT Faculty of Forest Resource Technology

UENR University of Energy and Natural Resources

MLFNR Ministry of Land Forestry and Natural Resources

MESTI Ministry of Environment, Science ,Technology and Innovation

EC Energy Commission

MoE Ministry of Energy

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Map of Project Area vii

Figure 2: Map of Bong Ahafo Region in Ghana showing Techiman Municiple District 5

Figure 3: Map of Ghana showing several districts including WASSA AMENFI WEST 5 Figure 4: Problem Tree 15

Figure 5: Objective Tree 20

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Stakeholder analysis 10

Table 2: The logical framework matrix 16 Table 3: WorkPlan 26 Table 4: Master budget Schedule 29 Table 5: Consolidated budget by component 42 Table 6: ITTO Budget by components 46 Table 7: Executing agency budget by component 47

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Figure1: MAP OF THE PROJECT SITE

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PART 1: PROJECT CONTEXT 1.1 ORIGIN This project proposal is submitted by the Government of Ghana to address the growing problem of large volume of wood residue generated at the forest floor and wood processing mills in Ghana. This project originated from three ITTO sponsored projects on the forest industry in Ghana (ITTO PROJECT PD 74/ 90; ITTO pre-project PPD 53/02/ Rev.1 and PD 431/06 Rev.1 (I)). The studies revealed that about 50% of tree volume extracted is left on the forest floor. Moreover, the timber industry has the capacity to produce lumber, veneer, plywood and a wide variety of moulding products and profile boards. In the process of producing these products a large amount of wood residue is generated in the form of sawdust, peeler core, veneer clippings, wood shavings, off-cuts, slabs, edgings and barks (Sekyere et al., 2004; Asiedu et al., 1993). The ITTO PROJECT PD 74/ 90 entitled ‘Better utilization of tropical timber resources in order to improve sustainability and reduce negative ecological inputs ‘’ was undertaken by FORIG (Forestry Research Institute of Ghana) and Federal Centre of Forestry and Forest Products in Hamburg, Germany. The results showed that wood residue in the forest floor ranged between 48% and 63% and the overall average recovery in the sawmills was 45% raw lumber, 8% by products, 8% sawdust and 39% solid residue. In a similar study in another area the following data were obtained: mean recovery rate of 44.1% lumber, 4.2% by products, 6.2% sawdust and 45.5 % solid residue. In an ITTO pre-project PPD 53/02/Rev1 (I) undertaken by FORIG, entitled “Development of energy alternatives for the efficient utilization of wood processing residues: Co- generation and briquette production”, the results also revealed the following percentages of wood residues from log inputs: 12% sawdust, 20% off-cuts, 17% slabs and edgings, 21% rotary veneer, and 16% off-cuts from rotary plywood production. The study also showed that out of the nineteen sawmills surveyed those which utilized their residues used about 43% of the residues generated (approximately 66,887 tonnes) out of a total of 156,538 tonnes generated annually. All these show that wood residues from the forest floor and timber industries are very high and need to be put to good and profitable use. In an ITTO project PD 431/06 Rev.1 (I) entitled “Processing and utilization of trees on farmlands and logging residues through collaboration with local communities”, the project produced lumber from trees on farmlands and logging residues to improve livelihood of local communities using portable wood processing equipment. Some of the lumber from the logging residues were used to produce school furniture and others sold to generate income for the communities. Since some of the logging residues were not suitable for lumber production, the farmers expressed interest in using them to produce charcoal. From the results of the above listed projects, a lot of sawdust, offcuts, shavings and logging residues are generated from the timber processing mills and logging operations in the communities. These residues can be processed into useful products such as briquettes and charcoal in this proposed project. The production of briquette and charcoal in the communities will provide employment for the people. It will also reduce the rate of forest degradation through the alternative use of briquettes instead of felling trees for firewood. The project intervention will also reduce negative environmental impacts resulting from the burning wood residues including sawdust and shavings. In Ghana, most of the wood residues are constantly burnt in the open air whilst others are used to produce low quality charcoal in areas around forest industries causing air pollution and other negative effects in the immediate environment of the sites. Piles of these residues are seen in the factory sites and emanating from these are obnoxious smell due to intermittent soaking by rain and attack by fungi and bacteria. This current project intends to build upon these three previous projects by using the residues to generate energy for domestic and industrial application through briquetting (with and without carbonization) and charcoal production to improve the livelihood of Ghanaians in rural, peri-urban and urban communities. In Ghana sawdust stove is being produced locally. The use of sawdust stoves in the homes of Ghanaians is not encouraging because of the powdery nature of sawdust. This therefore calls for the review of sawdust utilization in Ghana, hence the need to change its form to briquette to make its transformation and handling easy to entice people in the rural and urban towns to accept it as a source of energy for cooking and boiling water. The accumulation of sawdust in sawmills sites poses fire hazard as well as increment in running cost owing to the need to dispose of the accumulated sawdust. Most of the previous wood energy experiences in Africa, especially under the World Bank /UNDP/ESMAP programmes have concentrated on conversion devices – their designs and efficiencies. These have included cooking stove programs in Kenya, Zambia,

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Botswana and Ghana. Others have focused on charcoal production efficiencies and kiln modifications. However, very few attempts have been made at examining the briquetting option. These have been very limited in scope. In fact initial attempts in Ghana at commercial briquetting of sawdust were not very successful. The problems faced in the introduction of this technology to Ghana were marketing, social and economic. It is therefore important to do a comprehensive analysis of both the technical, social and economic factors that affect the production, distribution, marketing and use of briquettes. In fact, this is also true for charcoal. In Ghana, charcoal production is laborious and the yield and production rates are relatively low. These solid wood residues can, however, be converted into high quality charcoal for improved livelihood of Ghanaians especially those in the rural communities. In Ghana, forest resources include timber, NTFPs, fuel wood and other ecosystem services. The communities depend on these resources for their livelihood. For instance, timber is used in the communities for housing, furniture, handicrafts, farming implements etc. Logging activities provide employment for people living in these forest fringe communities. The timber processing mills also provide social services such as the construction of roads, clinics, provision of portable water for improved lives in communities they have concessions. Non-timber Timber Forest Products such as canes and rattan, bamboo, ropes, raffia palms are used by the communities for various constructional activities such as preparation of barns, silos, drying sheds, platforms and furniture. Others NTFPs like bush meat, snails, edible fruits serve as food to farmers in these forest fringe communities. Some framers sell them to gain income to support their livelihood. Medicinal plants obtained from the forest are used to cure most ailments in the communities. Major source of energy for domestic cooking and heating and operation of small scale enterprises in the forest fringe communities is fuel wood. 1.2 RELEVANCE 1.2.1. Conformity with ITTO’s Objectives and Priorities The project is in complete conformity to the ITTO objectives as expressed in Article 1 of the ITTA 2006. These are:

a) Objective c: “to contribute to sustainable development and to poverty alleviation, b) Objective d: enhancing the capacity of members to implement strategies for achieving exports of

tropical timber products from sustainably managed sources, c) Objective f: “to promote and support research and development with a view to improving forest

management and wood utilization and the competitiveness of wood products relative to other materials, as well as improving the capacity to conserve and enhance other forest values in timber producing tropical forests,

d) Objective i: Promoting increased and further processing of tropical timber from sustainable sources in producer member countries, with the view to promoting their industrialization and thereby increasing their employment opportunities,

e) Objective m “to encourage members to develop national policies aimed at sustainable utilization and conservation of timber producing forests, and maintaining ecological balance, in the context of the tropical timber trade”

f) Objective r “to encourage members to recognize the role of forest-dependent indigenous and local communities in achieving sustainable forest management and develop strategies to enhance the capacity of these communities to sustainably manage tropical timber producing forests”.

It also falls under three thematic programmes over the duration of the action plan of 2008 – 2011, which are: “community forest management and enterprises”, “Industry development and efficiency” and ‘reducing deforestation and forest degradation and enhancing environmental services in tropical forests’. The proposal again relates to expected outcome 2 of the action plan which is “increased efficiency in harvesting, processing and utilization of tropical timber from sustainably managed and legally harvested sources”. The project also satisfies the following priorities of the committee on Forest Industry:

‐ Projects in selected strategic locations to promote the integrated development of sustainable forest management and industrial use;

‐ Support for industrial trials , pilot production and marketing of new species

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‐ Specific research and extension on sawing difficult species ; innovative drying ( particularly of mixed species);wider production of preservatives, resins etc; processing and use of small logs ; use of waste; and other aspects;

‐ Help for governments to develop appropriate policies of the forestry sector, and to put in place measures to improve industrial efficiency and discourage wasteful and environmentally harmful practices.

The project is also in conformity with the ITTO Strategic Action Plan 2013 – 2018 as in the following strategic areas: Strategic Priority 2. Increase the contribution of tropical forests to national and local economies, including through international trade

Strengthening of community-level capacity in sustainable forest management and adding value to the forest resource

Strengthening of country capacity and enabling conditions in the development of community forest management and community forest enterprises

Development of efficient harvesting and processing technologies, including utilization of wood residues and wood wastes

Strategic Priority 3. Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in tropical timber producing forests

Improve health and welfare of local communities and indigenous groups through biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of natural resources, including medicinal and aromatic plants

Strategic Priority 4. Reduce tropical deforestation and forest degradation and enhance the provision of environmental services

Demonstrating successful approaches at the community or forest management unit level Replicating, scaling up and disseminating successful experiences, approaches and

appropriate technologies The project is on enhanced utilization of logging and processing mill residues which are very important but hitherto have been neglected by the timber industry. Sustainable utilization of the residues in Ghana would contribute to sustainable forest management because their use would help reduce pressure on dwindling commercial timber species. This project will enhance the research and developments in logging and processing mill residues utilization which is relatively low in most African countries including Ghana. The capacity of researchers, industry professionals and artisans to produce better quality charcoal and briquette from logging and processing mill residues for industrial and community utilization will be strengthened through this project. Recommendations emanating from the project will help contribute to national policies on forest and wildlife, alternative energy development and utilization for poverty alleviation and enhanced livelihood. This project is related to these ITTO projects in Ghana:

‐ PD 431/06 Rev.1 (I) Processing and utilization of trees on farmlands and logging residues through collaboration with local communities. This project aimed at making lumber available to local communities through the use of portable wood processing equipment to enhance their livelihood.

‐ PPD 53/02 Rev2 (I) Development of energy alternatives for the efficient utilization of wood

processing residue: co – generation and briquette production. ‐ PD 74/90 Better utilization of tropical resources in order to improve sustainability and

reduce negative ecological inputs.

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1.2.2. Relevance to the Submitting Country’s Policies The project is directly linked to the objectives of the 1994 Ghana Forest and Wildlife Policy which is to manage, conserve and develop her forest in order to ensure sustainable wood utilization (including logging and processing mills residues utilization) to optimize the economic, social and environmental benefits to all segments of society and to provide sustainable support for the country’s forest -based industries. The project is further linked to the specific objectives of the policy. These objectives include:

Management and enhancement of Ghana’s permanent estate of forest and wildlife resources. Promotion of research-based and technology-led forestry and wildlife management, utilization and

development, to ensure resource sustainability, socio-economic growth and environmental sustainability.

Promotion of viable and effective forest-based industries, particularly in secondary and tertiary processing, and

Promotion of public awareness and involvement of rural people in forest and wildlife conservation so as to maintain life-sustaining systems, preserve scenic areas, and enhance the potential of recreation.

Faced with future export and domestic demands on local timber resources that are far in excess of sustainable limits, a comprehensive plan of action to guide implementation of policy objectives and key strategies for the Ghana forestry and Wildlife policy have been developed for the period 1996 to 2020. In phase III of this action plan spanning the period 2011 to 2020, it is envisaged to see continued maintenance of sustainable forest and wildlife management systems, commercial production systems, improved product harvesting and marketing and competitive value-added processing industries. These require greater use of wood including logging and processing mills residues and significant improvement in output and quality of wood products. This proposal again fits into the intention of the master plan which is also to maximize the rate of social and economic development of the country and thereby secure the opportunity of optimum welfare and adequate livelihood to be derived for the majority of the citizenry. The project is also consistent with the objective of the draft Bioenergy policy for Ghana which is to promote and ensure sound management as well as expansion of the country’s natural forest for sustainable supply of woodfuel. Under the strategies of Energy from Biomass Waste of the draft policy measures have been outlined to offer the policy responses to biomass waste issues including the facilitation of collection, incentives for use of industrial and agricultural and other waste among others. Furthermore, this project will provide new strategies which will contribute particularly to the achievement of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals especially Goal 7 which is to ensure environmental sustainability through the Integration the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources 1.3 TARGET AREA The project will be undertaken in three districts of three regions of Ghana namely: Techiman Municipality of Brong-Ahafo Region, Wassa-Amenfi West in the Western Region and Dunkwa-On Offin in in the Central Region of Ghana. 1.3.1 Geographic location Techiman Techiman has an estimated total land area of about 669.7 square kilometers. The Municipality shares local boundaries with Wenchi Municipal to the west, Sunyani West and Offinso North Districts to the south, Kintampo South District to the north and Nkoranza South District to the east.

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Figure 2: Map of Bong Ahafo Region in Ghana showing Techiman Municiple District Wassa Amenfi The District is located in the middle part of the Western Region of Ghana. It lies between latitudes 5, 30` N, 6, 15` N, longitudes 1, 45` W, and 2, 11` W. It has an estimated total land area of about 3,470.6 km².

Figure 3: Map of Ghana showing several districts including WASSA AMENFI WEST

Dunkwa-on-Offin Dunkwa- on- Offin is the capital of the Upper Denkyira East Municipal District in the Central Region Ghana. It lies within latitudes 5°.30’ and 6°.02’ north of the equator and longitudes 1° W and 2° W of the Greenwich Meridian. It shares common boundaries with Bibiani - Anhwiaso Bekwai and Amansie West Districts on the north, Wassa Amenfi West and Wassa Amenfi East Districts on the northwest and west respectively, Twifo-Hemang-Lower Denkyira and Assin North Municipal on the south, Obuasi Municipal on the southeast and Amansie Central on the northeast. The Upper Denkyira East Municipal covers a total land area of 1700 square kilometers, which is about 17% of total land area of the Central Region and has a population of 32,626 people. The Municipal falls within the semi equatorial zone with its characteristics. The mean annual temperatures are 29°C on the hottest months and about 24°C in the coolest months. There are two

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rainfall regimes, but the total annual mean rainfall is between 120 cm and 200 cm. The first rainy season is from May to June with the heaviest in June, while the second rainy season is from September to October. The main dry season is from November to February. 1.3.2. Social, Cultural, Economic and Environmental Aspects Techiman The population of the Municipality stood at 174,600 with an average growth rate of 3.0 % per annum. The population density was over 260 persons/Km2, far higher than the national figure of 79.3. The population of the Municipality is estimated to be 202,409 by December, 2005. The resultant effect of this rapidly increasing population is that agricultural lands are being reduced and degraded. This is resulting in desertification and environmental degradation in the Municipality. Policies need to be put in place to protect Municipality’s lands, forest resources and other life supporting systems from the ravages of population pressure. Growth points such as Techiman, Kenten, Tuobodom continue to accommodate relatively higher population densities with corresponding pressure exerted on existing limited infrastructure facilities. Techiman is host to a major central market, which is the largest food market in Ghana and an important market in the whole of West Africa, attracting merchants from countries such as Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Togo and Cote d’Ivoire. It also has a large timber market that serves the northern sector of Ghana and some West African countries. The Municipality is one of the major charcoal producing centres in Ghana therefore large volumes of charcoal fines (charcoal powder) are produced and left in the open which are eventually blown around causing respiratory problems and other related health challenges. The central market is a big commercial center especially in agricultural goods. The composition and structure of the households reflects the social structure of the society. About 34.2% of the households in the Municipality are female headed. The household structure indicates that Techiman has the highest percentage (41.3%) of children constituting household members. The household composition and structure indicate that the traditional family structure still exists in the Municipality. The dominance of male headed household also augurs well for the poverty situation of the household. The vegetation of the district is dual, comprising both savannah and forest, which allow for diversified farming in savannah and forest crops. The savanna woodlot which provide about 70 % of the country’s fuel wood as energy sources are depleting at an alarming rate. Wassa Amenfi West The current population of the Wassa-Amenfi West District is projected at 186,257 at a growth rate of 3.2% per annum which is the region’s growth rate. The district has a population density of 53.76 people per sq. km. The occupational characteristic of the population has not changed much. The cultural practices and characteristics of the Wasa Amenfi West district are not different from other Akan settlements. Traditions have it that the people of the district are a mixture of migrants from Akwamu, Ashanti, Assin and the Ivory Coast. There is a sizeable proportion of settler farmers like Ewes, Akwapims, Krobos, Gomoas, Northerners and Bonos. The Wasa Amenfi West District has 883.6Km length of roads. Only 40.0km has been tarred representing 4.5% of total length of roads in the district. The district is greatly handicapped by its poor road network and quality. The poor nature of the roads has adversely affected the delivery of services to the entire district and makes many of the residents prisoners in their own small communities. Two main hierarchies of settlements can be identified. The first two major communities in the district are Asankrangwa and Samreboi. They have higher concentration of facilities. These two communities have the highest population levels. Educational facilities are not evenly distributed in the district. Most communities have access to pre-school and basic school facilities. The southern part of the district is deprived of most of these facilities. The only secondary school is located in one of the two major communities Agriculture employs about 75.6% of the active labour force whilst manufacturing and processing employs about 5.4%. This percentage is employed by the two large expatriate timber processing firms located at Manso-Amenfi and Samreboi. These processing mills generate high volume of sawdust and other wood residues that have become nuisance to the communities. These sawdusts are sometimes damped in rivers and streams and may also be burnt in the open causing air and environmental pollution. The damping in the sawdust into the rivers and

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streams has resulted in flood destroying several millions worth of properties. As a result of the massive logging activities in the area, forest degradation and deforestation are very extensive thereby threatening the livelihood of the community members. Surface mining activities are very rampant in this area causing serious environmental degradation. The project will therefore provide alternative livelihood options through the generation of energy using wood residues in those communities. There are three main vegetation zones: semi deciduous forest, the south-west rainforest and the transitional forest, all of which are suitable for the cultivation of both food and cash crops. The forests of the district are part of the only surviving high forests of Ghana. Upper Denkyira The Upper Denkyira East Municipal falls within the semi-deciduous forest zone. It consists of three layers. This is due to the generally moist condition of the area. Due to increasing cocoa and mining activities in the area, especially in the northern part of the district, very little of the original forest remains, and most of what is left are secondary forests. The main sources of energy in the district are electricity, firewood, sunlight, generators and kerosene. Electricity is a major source of energy for industrial activities in the district. Petrol and diesel are used in transport and industry, while kerosene is used mainly for lighting. The use of liquefied petroleum gas for cooking is on a limited scale. The main sources of energy in the District are wood fuel (charcoal, firewood), Kerosene, electric power, Petroleum and LPG. Electricity is also a major source of energy for the mining, industrial and domestic sectors. Currently only 19 communities, namely:- Buabinso, Akropong, Adwumain, Kyekyewere, Asikuma, Kwame Prakrom, Ayanfuri, Gyaman, Nkotumiso, Denkyira Obuasi, Jameso - Nkwanta, Diaso, Maudaso Agona Port, Ntom and Abuakwa Bremang are connected to the national. Important renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, do not make the required impact due to inadequate research and development. The main sources of water include wells, rivers, streams and boreholes. However, in the district capital, water is provided through pipes but it is untreated. The following communities’ are also earmarked to be connected to the national grid under the Fourth Self Help Electrification Programme. (SHEP 4) These are: Dunkwa-On-Offin, Mfuom, Abesewa, Babianiha Esaase, Akyempim, Mbradam, Nkwanta, Asuadee and Amanase. To promote industrial development and thus improve living standards, there is the need to speed up the Rural Electrification project (SHEP) in the District. Mining activities in the communities have led to massive pollution of the water bodies in the area. Access to portable drinking water is difficult as result of the pollution of rivers. Harmful chemicals are released into streams after mining activities. People therefore need other livelihood opportunities in order to minimize the illegal mining activities in the area.

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1.4 EXPECTED OUTCOMES AT PROJECT COMPLETION The processing industries may have an avenue to increase their profit by using the residues to produce briquette and charcoal. The project will also contribute to the reduction of environmental pollution through sawdust utilization for briquette production. The local communities will have access to the logging residues to produce charcoal for domestic consumption. The project will also provide training on the efficient and save operations of biomass energy systems to selected local communities. It will also create employment opportunities by consolidation and expanding the existing small and medium scale forestry industries and encourage the development of new ones related to briquette production. Upgrading the research and advisory capability of FORIG and through it increase the scope for further development in the sub region. The successful completion of this project will reduce the environmental and health impact in the immediate neighbourhood of the mills by reducing the burning of wood residues especially sawdust Some of the local community members will be trained in briquette production which will serve a source of livelihood. The report of this project will feed into the biomass utilization policy of the country It is envisaged that the completion of this project will ultimately lead to the sustainable management of the forest in the project site.

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PART 2: PROJECT RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES 2.1 RATIONALE 2.1.1 Institutional set-up and organizational issues

The Executing Agency will be Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG). FORIG has the prime mandate to conduct high quality, user-focused research that generates scientific knowledge and appropriate technologies which enhance the sustainable development ,conservation, and efficient utilization of Ghana’s forest resources: and also to disseminate the information for the improvement of social, economic and environmental well-being of the people of Ghana. The institute has over the years developed expertise in specialize areas in Forestry and related fields which include, Silviculture, Entomology, Forest botany, Forest ecology, Seed technology, Mensuration/Statistics, Genetics, Wood Science and Technology, Wood Products Chemistry, Socio-Economics and Marketing and Information Science. FORIG has recently expanded its research focus to include issues related to forestry policy, environmental conservation including biodiversity and climate change, forest industry and trade. In addition to main stream research activities, FORIG also honours numerous consultancies related to capacity building, institutionalization and management of the forestry sector. The institute is well endowed with facilities and personnel/expertise for efficient execution of a plethora of research and development activities. Facilities: The institute’s permanent offices and laboratories are located at Fumesua, near Kumasi. It has research centres in 5 research stations strategically located in Kumasi and in one or more ecological zones of the country. The research centres are: Bobiri and Amantia both in Ashanti region and located in Moist, Semi-Deciduous Forest zone; Benso in the Western REGION and located in Wet /Moist Evergreen Zone; Abofour in Ashanti Region and located in Dry Semi-Deciduous Zone; and finally Bolgatanga in Upper East Region and located in Northern Savanna Zone. The institute is the focal point of Plant Resources of Tropical Africa (PROTA). PROTA is an international, non-profit foundation. It intends to synthesize the dispersed information on the approximately 7000 useful plants of Tropical Africa and provide wide access to the information through Web databases, Books, CD-Rom’s and SPECIAL Products. The laboratories of the institute have a wide range of equipment for research and development. They include impregnation plant, seasoning kiln, wood testing machines, microscopes, Instron machine, furniture testing machine etc. Despite these, FORIG has challenges in acquiring other requisite facilities for wood residue utilization to an appreciable level. Collaborating Agencies: (i) KNUST (ii) Forestry Commission CSIR-FORIG and KNUST as sister institutions have been collaborating in their activities. For example, CSIR-FORIG provides avenues and facilities for student practical attachment as well as supervision/conduction of research project works of KNUST students. KNUST also trains CSIR-FORIG personnel who need upgrading to middle and high level capacities. KNUST lacks the facilities for training students in the utilization of wood residues and products development. Capacity of staff and technicians in the area of wood residue utilization is low. FORIG therefore links up with the university to train students in wood utilization. There are also limited requisite facilities for wood residue utilization.

KNUST will contribute to the research and implementation of project interventions, provide scientific information and technical assistance.The collaboration of these institutions in this project would build capacity of scientists and other stakeholders listed in the Stakeholder Analysis section.

The Forestry Commission (FC) of Ghana lacks policy and strategies on the use of logging residues for product development. The capacity of the Timber Industry Development Division of the Forestry Commission (TIDD-FC) to monitor and strengthen the timber industry in the processing of logs to minimize residues is weak. Equally, the capacity of the Forestry Services Division of the Forestry

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Commission lacks the capacity to ensure efficient logging (extraction) of trees from the forest. For example, about 40 - 50% of a whole tree is left in the forest after logging.

FORIG has over the years worked with local communities in the implementation of similar ITTO projects (e.g. PD 431/06 Rev.1 (I) and has therefore established a long and a strong working relationship with them.

The GTMO is an organization of saw-millers in Ghana. Most of the sawmillers do not have state of the art equipment for efficient processing of logs. Appropriate technologies for processing small diameter logs and residues are not readily available in the timber industry. This leads to the generation of excessive residues and hence reduced income. This minimizes the profit margin of the companies. In Ghana, a number of companies have collapsed due to the low profit margins. The president of GTMO is a member of FORIG and Forestry Commission’s Management Boards. The members of this association own the timber processing mills and some have concessions. They will assist the project by allowing the collection of logging and sawmill residues from their concessions and mills. GTA is an association of concession owners in Ghana and they are responsible for the supply of logs to the timbers industries. Most of the concession owners do not have the requisite facilities and personnel for extraction of logs for supply to the industry. The members of the association will support this project by providing logging residues. Responsibilities:

(i) The local communities will provide a place for the installation of briquette and improved charcoal pilot plants, and collaborate with the project in all aspects of the project.

(ii) GTMO/GTA will provide service and advice to members of the association to embrace the goals of the project and help in the organization of workshops.

(iii) Local communities will be involved in the field work. 2.1.2 Stakeholder Analysis

Table 1: Stakeholder analysis Stakeholder group Characteristics Problems,

needs, interests Potentials Involvement in

the project Primary stakeholders Local communities and traditional authorities

Traditional rights of ownership to timber resources: both off- and on- reserves Derive most of their energy sources from wood residues

Inefficient utilization of logging and sawmill residues Source of domestic energy supply highly threatened Low Income generation from wood residues; Protection of the wood residues and the sustainable flow of benefits (sustainable flow of benefits from timber processing mills)

Desire to receive assistance; Have indigenous knowledge on the production and use of wood residues Belief in institutions (CSIR, FC)

Primary project beneficiary and directly involved in project implementation

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Concessionnaires / Loggers

Derive benefits (e.g. income) from timber resources; Rights to their own concessions; Have logging equipment

Obsolete technology Lack of investment capital for suitable equipment; Lack of training Profits and business development; Management and enhanced utilization of wood residues

Contribute to wood residues generation; Desire to receive assistance and for full utilization of wood residue; Belief in institutions(CSIR-FORIG and FC)

Primary beneficiary of project

Local timber companies (Timber industry)

Own the sawmills Have some knowledge in the processing of wood residues; Derive benefits (e.g. income) from timber resources; Rights to their own concessions

Lack capacity to produce quality and innovative products from wood residues; Creation of marketing opportunities for diversified wood products

Have some technical knowledge on the processing and use of wood residues Contribute to generation of wood residues Desire to utilize wood residues

Primary project beneficiary and Main actors in project execution at the project sites

FC-FSD Mandate to manage and regulate timber resources and market products

Lack of expertise in the development of products from wood residues and marketing Lack means to enforce protection, management, control and monitoring of timber resources

Competence in the sustainable management of timber resources; Competence in marketing of wood products

Collaborate in implementing relevant activities

Scientific community- (FORIG, consultants)

Research and provide scientific information and technical assistance

Lack means to finance research and development ; To achieve/ promote efficient utilization and management of the wood residues in Ghana.

Competence in research, studies and surveys

Directly involved in project implementation

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Secondary stakeholders District Assembly

Administrative rights to timber resources; Responsible for making and implementing community development plans

Lack of capacity for integrated planning; Lack of environmental management; Revenue generation from timber resources

Authority and influence in the communities; Desire to receive assistance

Might collaborate in implementing relevant project activities in targeted communities.

Tree growers Association

Derive benefits (e.g. income) from timber resources; Rights to their own plantations

Insufficient financial means to expand their plantations Inadequate income from logging residues Profits and business development

Contribute to timber resource development

Beneficiary of project

Timber Associations: GTMO,GTA,FAWAG

Provide service and advice to their members

Lack means to finance collaboration and training of its members; Additional sources of raw material supply; Need to improve capacity to serve its members

Desire to receive assistance; Belief in institutions (FORIG, FC)

Can assist the project to reach their members

Micro-Enterprises at local communities(Baker, gari processor, food vendors etc)

Derive income directly/indirectly from wood residue- based activities; Active group

Lack technical competence to produce quality products from wood residues; Inefficient utilization of wood residues

Desire to use energy from wood residues; Desire to receive assistance; Belief in institutions

Project beneficiary; Might collaborate in implementing relevant project activities.

Governmental Agencies (MLFNR, MEST, EC, MoE)

Policy formulation and implementation; Provision of sustainable energy sources in various communities

Lack of financial resource to manage the environment; Inadequate source of sustainable energy; Sustainable timber resource management and utilization;

Authority to implement policy recommendation; Desire for appropriate technologies for the supply of sustainable energy

Collaborate in implementing activities and findings

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Development of alternative and efficient energy resource in Ghana

Tertiary stakeholders Environmental and Energy NGOs –RUDIYA,KITE,

Advocacy and awareness creation on the environment , efficient wood utilization and energy development & utilization

Lack financial means for collaboration; Sustainable timber resource utilization Promote sustainable energy resources use

Experience in working with communities and other stakeholders

May collaborate in implementing relevant activities

Universities concerned with timber industry and energy: KNUST (FRNR & FFRT) and UENR

Have education and research missions

Lack financial means for collaboration;

Competence in research, studies, training and surveys

Might collaborate in implementing relevant activities

2.1.3 Problem Analysis The timber industry in Ghana is viable and has contributed immensely to the socio-economic development of the nation. It ranks fourth and trails only gold, tourism, and cocoa in export earnings (Ghana Forestry Commission, 2009). The industry employs over 100,000 people, providing indirect employment to about 2.5 million Ghanaians. Timber continues to play a leading role as a major export commodity and foreign- exchange earner, having provided around 12% of Ghana’s foreign exchange between 1990 and 2001 (Lebedys, 2004). The Ghana Forestry Commission( GFC) reported a total export value and volume of US $ 243 million and 528,570m3 respectively for wood products in 2007 (GFC, 2011). In 2004 Ghana earned $170 million from export of 455,000m3 of wood products (Oliver and Fripp, 2005). In 2008, all exports amounted to a value of US$ 246 million with a corresponding volume of 545,915m3 (GFC, 2011). Exports in the year 2009 totaled US$ 169 million in value and 426,221m3 in volume. In the year 2010, exports totaled US$ 181 million in value with a corresponding volume of 426,220m3 (GFC, 2011). These significant social and economic benefits have been achieved with an average mill efficiency ranging between 39-51% leaving about 49% of the total wood volume as industrial waste (Birikorang, 2001). This means the industry does not make its potential economic contribution. Several studies (Asiedu et al, 1993 and Sekyere et al, 2004) have concluded that the amount of potential foreign exchange which should have been earned is not obtained due to the vast wastage in the system. This implies that more volumes of logs have to be extracted from the forest to make up for the losses as a result of the large volumes of residues generated, hence contributing to the high rate of deforestation in the country. These wastes have been noted to have undesirable social, economic and environmental impacts since they are usually burned in open air or are found deposited in water courses in many timber industrial areas in Ghana. The burning of sawdust poses several health hazards through air pollution (excessive smoke) and the release of sawdust particles into the atmosphere in communities where industries are located. Deposition of sawdust in water ways has caused several flooding during rainy seasons leading to the loss of properties and even lives of people in affected communities. In a bid to harness the full potentials of the timber industry, it has become important that we look for ways to maximize wood utilization. Particularly, optimizing the use of industrial wood residue which otherwise are not put to any viable economic use is crucial. Fortunately, the following report of ITTO Project PPD53/02/Rev.1 (I) several options for efficient utilization of wood residues (both at industrial and community-levels) were identified. The report identified options such as briquette and charcoal production, co-generation of energy, chipboard, particleboard, finger-jointing and others. There is a vast evidence to suggest that utilization of wood residues can have enormous social, economic and environmental impact. Forest biomass contributes 60% of Ghana’s energy consumption. Out of this, wood fuel alone

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constitutes 90% which is collected from the natural forest and plantations. It has been estimated that if the current trends of consumption continue, Ghana is likely to consume more than 25 million tons of wood fuel (charcoal and firewood) by the year 2020 (Ghana Energy Commission, 2002). This can have enormous ecological impact on natural forests and call for alternatives and/or supplements for fuel energy. Briquette has been shown to have comparable advantages, particularly because it is produced from sawdust which is relatively abundant as industrial waste in Ghana (Nketia et al, 1998). The Ghana Energy Commission has specifically made a policy recommendation to support the development, promotion and introduction of alternative fuels to substitute wood fuels.

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Figure 4: Problem Tree

Lack of incentives for wood residue utilization

Inadequate information on types and volume of residues from logging and timber processing mills

Weak Capacity for local communities and Industrial utilization of wood residues for briquette and improved charcoal production

Lack of Policy gaps, strategies and institutional arrangements for use of wood residues in briquette and improved charcoal production

Lack of technologies and market requirements for commercial production of briquettes and improved charcoal

Lack of information on the existents of policy gaps and institutional arrangements related to wood residue utilization for briquette and charcoal production

Lack of information on the quality and emission levels of various production techniques of briquette and improved charcoal products

Lack of information on the existing linkages and collaborations between the timber industry and micro-enterprises

Lack of information on the capacity needs of communities and timber industries in briquette and improved charcoal production

Lack of information on benefits of industrialization of wood residues among policy makers resulting in lack of policies to promote utilization

Commercial production of briquettes and improved charcoal from residues not adequately developed

Inadequate industrial and community utilization of wood residues from logging and timber

processing mills for improved livelihood

Inefficient Utilization of Tropical

Timber Resources is contributing

to deforestation

Improper disposal of wood

residues leading to negative

environmental effects

Reduced income and livelihood

options due to underutilization

of wood residues

Lack of expertise in the utilization of wood residues for improved charcoal and briquette production in industries and communities

Lack of promotion and dissemination of information on the utilization potentials of wood residues

Nonexistent of National Working Group to promote utilization of wood residue

Unavailability of information on the potentials of wood residue utilization

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Table 2: The logical framework matrix

PROGRAM ELEMENTS INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION

ASSUMPTIONS

Development Objective:

To contribute to sustainable forest management through efficient utilization of wood residues generated by the logging and timber processing mills.

(a) By the end of the second year 2020, 10% and 30% of the members of each of the communities will be using briquette and charcoal respectively as sources of energy

(b) By the end of the third year 2018, firewood collection which contributes to deforestation and degradation reduced by 15%.

(c) By the end of the third year 2019, available sawdust and offcuts are reduced by 15% each through conversion into briquette and charcoal respectively.

(d) Environmental pollution due to burning of the residues in the open-air is reduced in the three communities

e) By the end of the third year 2020, sustainable forest management in the three forest districts enhanced by 10% due to the decrease in harvesting trees as a source of fuel.

1) Field visits

2) Progress reports

3) Project completion report

4) Publications

Availability and timely release of funds

Availability of wood residues from various sources and quality.

Full participation by local communities, industries and government officials to the project

Specific Objective:

To promote industrial and community utilization of wood residues from logging and timber processing mills through briquette and improved charcoal production to enhance livelihood.

a) Capacities of 60 people (40 Males and 20 Females) from the three local communities would have been built in briquette and improved charcoal production by the end of second year

b) 15% of households of the local communities will benefit from the use of briquette and improved charcoal production as alternative sources of energy by the end of the second year.

c) 5% micro enterprises (bakers, kenkey

Field visits.

Progress reports.

Publications

Workshop and training reports

List of participants

Full participation by local communities, industries and government officials to the project

Availability of wood residues from various sources and quality


Appropriate technologies for briquette and improved charcoal

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producers, gari processors, traditional soap makers and local gin distillers) in the communities would have adopted briquettes as a source of energy for their businesses

d) 30% of the timber processing mills would have adopted briquette and improved charcoal production as additional sources of income by the end of the third year.

(e) Three chemicals (SO2, CO2 NO2) trapped from the improved charcoal production assessed.

(f) Two people (one male and one female) from each community would have been trained in the repairs and maintenance of the briquette and charcoal production equipment by the end of the second year.

production are available and adoptable

Output 1:

Capacity for local communities and Industrial utilization of wood residues for briquette and improved charcoal production strengthened.

a) By the end of the 1st year the training needs of three communities and three industries involved in wood residues utilization for briquette and improved charcoal production identified.

b) By the middle of the 2nd year stakeholder consultation meeting and workshop would have been organized.

c) By the end of the third-quarter of the second year, 30 people (20 males and 10 females) from both the communities and the industries would have been trained in briquette and improved charcoal production.

d) By the end of the 2nd

year three communities and three industries would have begun the production of briquette and improved charcoal.

Progress reports

Field visits

Workshop reports

Photographs of products

List of participants

Willingness of local communities and industries to participate in the training workshops


Local Communities willingness to have alternative income from improved charcoal and briquette production.

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Output 2:

Policy gaps, strategies and institutional arrangements for use of wood residues in briquette and improved charcoal production identified.

a) By the end of the 2nd year policy review and legislative measures on wood residues utilization would have been drafted.

b) By the end of the 2nd year the existing linkages for industry and small-scale enterprises collaboration would have been identified and strengthened.

c) By the end of the 3rd year operational requirements for the promotion and implementation of procedures and framework for integrated wood residues utilization identified.

Progress reports

Policy briefs

Field/ monitoring visits


Government officials’ willingness to participate in the policy review process.

Willingness of other stakeholders to provide the required information

Output 3:

Technologies and market requirements for commercial production of briquettes and improved charcoal identified.

a) By the middle of the 1st year the techno-economic survey on the availability of wood residues and scope for the application and briquette technologies would have been identified.

b) By the beginning of the 1st year three potential commercial collaborators would have been identified in each of the three selected communities.

c) By the middle of the 2nd year, equipment and tools for briquette and improved charcoal production would have been ordered, installed and commissioned for each of the three communities.

Progress reports

Photographs of installed equipment

Field visits

Report on cost analysis of briquette and charcoal production

Questionnaire for survey

Appropriate technologies for briquette and improved charcoal production are available for adoption

Market requirements for commercial production of briquettes and improved charcoal are known.


Cooperation of local communities and industries.

Output 4:

Promotion and dissemination of information on the utilization potentials of wood residues undertaken

a) By the beginning of the 3rd year a seminar would have been organized for senior government officials to promote the concept of utilization of wood residues.

b) By the end of the 3rd year three journal articles, 100 copies of manuals and 150 copies of flyers and video documentary

Publications (three journal articles, manuals, fliers)

List of participants and seminar report

Video documentary

Compiled progress reports

Project completion

Positive attitude of stakeholders towards the up-take of technologies developed.


Willingness of stakeholders to attend seminars

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would have been produced and distributed.

c) By the end of 3rd year a working group to develop proposals for policy interventions to promote wood residue utilization would have been established.

d) By the end of the 3rd year there will be a closing workshop involving all stakeholders and a final project report to ITTO

report and closing workshop

Appropriate packaging of project results.

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2.2 OBJECTIVES

Figure 5: Objective Tree

Capacity for local communities and Industrial utilization of wood residues for briquette and improved charcoal production strengthened.

Policy gaps, strategies and institutional arrangements for use of wood residues in briquette and improved charcoal production identified.

Technologies and market requirements for commercial production of briquettes and improved charcoal identified

Promotion and dissemination of information on the utilization potentials of wood residues undertaken

Industrial and community utilization of wood residues from logging and milling operations through briquette and improved charcoal production to enhance livelihood promoted.

Sustainable utilization of

tropical timber resources

Efficient utilization of wood

residues leading to reduction

in environmental impacts

Increased income and livelihood

options due to sustainable

utilization of wood residues

Types and volume of residues from logging and timber processing mills identified and estimated

The capacities needs of communities and timber industries in briquette and improved charcoal production identified

Capacity building of communities and timber industries in briquette and improved charcoal production organized

Workshops to validate gaps and policy options organized

Policy gaps and institutional arrangements related to wood residue utilization for briquette and charcoal production identified

Existing linkages and collaborations between the timber industry and micro-enterprises identified

Policy options and strategies on wood residue utilization identified

Quality analysis of briquette and improved charcoal products conducted

Adoption and use of briquette and improved charcoal products and production techniques by communities assessed

Cost-benefit analysis of various briquette and improved charcoal production techniques conducted

National Working Group to develop an elaborate proposal for policy interventions to promote wood residue utilization established

Policy briefs, flyers, journal publications, video documentary and manuals on residues utilization distributed

Seminars for senior government officials and national policy actors to promote the concept of utilization of wood residue organized

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2.2.1 Development Objective and Impact Indicators To contribute to sustainable forest management through efficient utilization of wood residues generated by the logging and timber processing mills. The impacts of the development objective are: (a) By the end of the second year 2020, 10% and 30% of the members of each of the communities

will be using briquette and charcoal respectively as sources of energy (b) By the end of the third year 2018, firewood collection which contribute to deforestation and

degradation reduced by 15%. (c) By the end of the third year 2019, available sawdust and offcuts are reduced by 15% each

through conversion into briquette and charcoal respectively. (d) Environmental pollution due to burning of the residues in the open-air is reduced in the three

communities (e) By the end of the third year 2020, sustainable forest management in the three forest districts enhanced

by 10% due to the decrease in harvesting trees as a source of fuel. 2.2.2 Specific Objective and Outcome Indicators To promote industrial and community utilization of wood residues from logging and timber processing mills through briquette and improved charcoal production to enhance livelihood. The outcomes of this objective are:

. (i) Capacities of 60 people from the three local communities would have been built in briquette and

improved charcoal production by the end of second year (ii) 15% of households of the local communities will benefit from the use of briquette and improved

charcoal production as alternative sources of energy by the end of the second year (iii) 5% micro enterprises (bakers, kenkey producers, gari processors, traditional soap makers, local gin

distillers, etc) in the communities would have adopted briquettes as a source of energy for their businesses

(iv) 30% of the timber processing mills would have adopted briquette and improved charcoal production as additional sources of income by the end of the third year.

(v) Three chemicals (SO2, CO2 NO2) trapped from the improved charcoal production assessed (vi) Two people from each community would have been trained in the repairs and maintenance of

the briquette and charcoal production equipment by the end of the second year (vii) Environmental pollution due to burning of the residue in the open-air is reduced in the three

communities

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PART 3: DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT INTERVENTIONS 3.1 OUTPUTS AND ACTIVITIES 3.1.1 Outputs 1. Capacity for local communities and Industrial utilization of wood residues for briquette and

improved charcoal production and marketing strengthened. Indicators: i) By the end of the 1st year the training needs of the three communities and the three industries involved

in wood residue utilization for improved charcoal and briquette production identified. ii) By the middle of the 2nd year stakeholder consultation meeting and workshop would have been

organized. iii) By the end of the third-quarter of the second year, 30 people from both the communities and the

industries would have been trained in briquette and improved charcoal production. iv) By the end of the 2nd year three communities and three industries would have begun the production of

briquette and improved charcoal. 2. Policy gaps, strategies and institutional arrangements for use of wood residues in briquette and

improved charcoal production identified Indicators: i) By the end of the 2nd year policy review and legislative measures on wood residue utilization would

have been drafted. ii) By the end of the 2nd year the existing linkages for industry and small-scale enterprises collaboration

would been identified and strengthened iii) By the end of the 3rd year operational requirements for the promotion and implementation of procedures

and framework for integrated wood residue utilization identified. 3. Technologies and market requirements for commercial production of briquettes and charcoal

identified Indicators i) By the middle of the 1st year the techno-economic survey on the availability of wood residue and scope

for the application of briquette technologies would have been identified ii) By the beginning of the 1st year three potential commercial collaborators would have been identified in

each of the three selected regions iii) By the middle of the 2nd year, equipment and tools for briquette and improved charcoal production would

have been ordered, installed and commissioned for each of the three communities. 4. Promotion and dissemination of information on the utilization potentials of wood residues

undertaken Indicators i) By the beginning of the 3rd year a seminar would have been organized for senior government officials to

promote the concept of utilization of wood residue. ii) By the end of the 3rd year three journals, 100 copies of manuals and 150 copies of flyers and video

documentary produced. iii) By the end of 3rd year a working group to develop proposals for policy interventions to promote wood

residue utilization would have been established. iv) By the end of the 3rd year there will be a closing workshop involving all stakeholders and a final project

report to ITTO

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3.1.2 Activities 1. Capacity for local communities and Industrial utilization of wood residues for briquette and

improved charcoal production and marketing strengthened. Activities 1.1 Literature review, development and signing of Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Timber

industries FC-FSD, local communities and District Assemblies 1.2 Organization of start-up workshop 1.3 Estimation of types and volume of residues from logging and timber processing mills 1.4 Conduct socio-economic studies on wood residue utilization for briquette and improved charcoal

production. 1.5 Build capacities of communities and timber industries in briquette and improved charcoal production

and marketing 2. Policy gaps, strategies and institutional arrangements for use of wood residues in briquette and

improved charcoal production identified Activities 2.1 Review relevant policy measures and institutional arrangements associated with wood residues

utilization. 2.2 Identify policy gaps and institutional arrangements related to wood residue utilization for briquette and

charcoal production and marketing. 2.3 Identification of policy options (Identify operational requirements for the promotion and implementation

of procedures and framework for integrated wood residue utilization.) 2.4 Identify existing linkages and collaborations between the timber industry and micro-enterprises (gari

processors, local gin distillers, charcoal producers) 2.5 Workshops to validate gaps and policy options 2.6 eports on policy gaps, strategies and institutional arrangements 3. Technologies and market requirements for commercial production of briquettes and “improved”

charcoal identified Activities 3.1 Desk study on the equipment and methods for the briquette and improved charcoal production 3.2 Select (detailed equipment designs, cost), order and install equipment 3.3 Identify, train operators and commission equipment 3.4 Production trials of briquette and charcoal using the various production technologies 3.4 Conduct quality analysis of briquette and improved charcoal (calorific value,) 3.6 Assess the amount of emissions (volatile products) and distillates (chemicals released) from the

production processes of briquette and charcoal 3.5 Identify end users, distribute the briquette and improve charcoal products to potential users for uptake 3.8 Conduct cost-benefit analysis of various production techniques 3.9 Train relevant stakeholders (Local communities, District Assemblies, Timber industries) in the

production and marketing of briquette and improved charcoal products 3.9 Promote the adoption and use of briquette and improved charcoal products and production techniques

to the communities. 4. Promotion and dissemination of information on the utilization potentials of wood residues

undertaken Activities 4.1 Organize seminars for senior government officials and national policy actors to promote the concept of

utilization of wood residue. 4.2 Preparation and distribution of policy briefs, flyers and manuals. 4.3 Establishment of a National Working Group to develop and elaborate proposals for policy interventions

to promote wood residue utilization. 4.4 Closing workshop and final report.

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3.2 IMPLEMENTATION APPROACHES AND METHODS

i) Start-up workshops will be organized for all stakeholders (of which the objectives of the project will be discussed and the roles and responsibilities of each stakeholder will be determined).

ii) Signing of MOU with the selected local communities and the timber industries detailing the responsibilities of and the benefits for all the parties and for them to show their long term commitment to the project. This will be witnessed by the Forestry Commission. The purpose and content of the MOU are found in Appendix 1.

iii) The briquetting process will involve sawdust and binder preparations, mixing, carbonization, briquetting, drying, storage and packaging.

iv) The briquette studies will be partly laboratory research and partly community based activity (creating awareness and market potential and training of individuals and groups)

v) Certain properties of briquettes will be monitored. vi) Training of twenty ( 20) selected local community members in operation of the briquette equipment vii) Full scale operation of the briquette equipment for handling the sawdust and other possible residues

e.g. charcoal fines, wood shavings from small-carpentry shops, etc. viii) Determination of the impact of the project on the livelihood of the local communities. ix) Harvesting of wood ( including pruning, thinning, collection of fallen twigs/branches, residues from

sawmill floor); x) Splitting and bundling of wood to produce convenient sizes of fuelwood; xi) Thermal and / or chemical processes that convert fuelwood to other forms of wood energy; xii) End use technologies to generate the final useful forms of energy.

For this exercise, the main method for data collection is the administration of questionnaires and actual measurements on site. In carrying this out the following procedure will be adopted:

(a) Review of background material and all published information on wood fuel data. (b) Select locations of data collection on zone basis covering all the sectors, namely household,

industrial and institutional kitchens. (c) Determine the sample size for each sector (d) Develop and pre-text the survey instrument (e) Identify and train location enumerators and supervise field collection of data (f) Collate all data gathered, analyse and present report.

To maximize utilization of industrial wood residues detail planning and execution is required, considering the level of technology development and economic and market intelligence capabilities of both the private and public sectors on the subject in Ghana. It is projected that achieving full commercial utilization of industrial wood residues requires a master- plan consisting of major phases. The first phase, which this project seeks to cover, can be considered a pilot phase. For this phase, the project will seek to ensure design, order, installation and commissioning of appropriate demonstration technologies for briquette production. Even though the technologies in the form of machinery for such conversions exist, they have not been ‘domesticated. Finally, the industrial incentives and institutional arrangements to enhance the attractiveness of investments into commercial utilization within the national framework of the promotion of the private sector as the engine of growth should be worked out. The pilot phase will have engineering task force, investment task force, policy and marketing task force consisting of experts drawn from wider fields such as mechanical and chemical engineering, marketing, economics, development, sociology and policy analysis as well as wood workers industrialists and beneficiaries. The second phase of the master plan will involve investments into the adoption of the ‘developed’ technologies and intelligence and training facilities. This is expected to bring the outputs of the project to the door step of the responsible state institution for training the public and technicians into the wood processing and technologies. Thus, in this phase, it is expected that the Wood Industry Training Centre (WITC) of the Forestry Commission will be a leading agency to have an open training programme to build the skills and technical know-how on the commercial utilization of specific wood residue-based products. Specifically, it can train people in the design, operations, and maintenance of machinery as well as provide market and investment intelligence for potential clients. This phase may require huge financial resources to be invested in the commercial production of equipment and it is expected that the Government of Ghana will source donor support. The last phase could then focus on mass commercialization programme to integrate investments of such products into the private sector promotion and poverty alleviation programmes of the government. Here, the

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objective will be to promote large-scale investments to generate employment and contribute to improve livelihoods. It is intended that a detailed follow up proposal will be submitted to ITTO after an ex-post evaluation. Thus the expected financial commitments of after a favourable evaluation of the first phase will mainly involve capacity building of the WITC of the Forestry Commission to execute the training programme. It is expected that the full social, environmental and economic benefits of the project will be realized at the phase. In all, the master –plan can be executed in 5 to 7 years expecting that phase one (1 ) will elapse for 3 years , phase two (2 ) for 2 years and phase three ( 3 ) for 2 years, assuming that the needed funding and commitments can be secured for all strategic phases.

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3.3 WORKPLAN OUTPUTS/ACTIVITIES RESPONSIBLE

PARTY YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Output 1– Capacity for local communities and Industrial utilization of wood residues for briquette and improved charcoal production and marketing strengthened.

Activities: 1.1 Literature review, development and signing of

Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Timber industries FC-FSD, local communities and District Assemblies

FORIG/KNUST

1.2 Organization of start-up workshop

FORIG/ KNUST

1.3 Estimation of types and volume of residues from logging and timber processing mills

FORIG/Local Communities/GTMO

1.4 Conduct socio-economic studies on wood residue utilization for briquette and improved charcoal production Organize stakeholder consultation and workshop.

FORIG/ local communities

1.5 Build capacities of communities and timber industries in briquette and improved charcoal production and marketing

FORIG,/ local communities/GTMO/GTA

Output 2- Policy gaps, strategies and institutional arrangements for use of wood residues in briquette and improved charcoal production identified.

FORIG/KNUST

Activities: 2.1 Review relevant policy measures, and institutional

arrangements associated with wood residues utilization.

Policy consultant

2.2 Identify policy gaps and institutional arrangements related to wood residue utilization for briquette and charcoal production and marketing.

Policy consultant

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2.3 Identification of policy options (Identify operational requirements for the promotion and implementation of procedures and framework for integrated wood residue utilization.)

Policy consultant/ FORIG / GTMO/ GTA/ local communities

2.4 Identify existing linkages and collaborations between the timber industry and micro-enterprises (gari processors, local gin distillers, charcoal producers)

Policy consultant FORIG / GTMO/ GTA/ local communities

2.5 Workshops to validate gaps and policy options FORIG 2.6 reports on policy gaps, strategies and institutional

arrangements

Policy consultant /FORIG

Output 3- Technologies and market requirements for commercial production of briquettes and “improved” charcoal identified

Activities: 3.1 Desk study on the equipment and methods for the

briquette and improved charcoal production

FORIG/KNUST

3.2 Select (detailed equipment designs, cost), order and install equipment

FORIG

3.3 . Identify, train operators and commission equipment

FORIG/KNUST/local communities

3.4 Production trials of briquette and charcoal using the various production technologies

FORIG/ Local Communities

3.5 Conduct quality analysis of briquette and improved charcoal (calorific value,)

KNUST/FORIG

3.6 Assess the amount of emissions (volatile products) and distillates (chemicals released) from the production processes of briquette and charcoal

FORIG/KNUST

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3.7 Identify end users, distribute the briquette and improve charcoal products to potential users for uptake

FORIG/ Local communities

3.8 Conduct cost-benefit analysis of various production techniques

FORIG

3.9 Train relevant stakeholders (Local communities, District Assemblies, Timber industries) in the production and marketing of briquette and improved charcoal products

FORIG/GTMO/KNUST/Local communities

3.10 Promote the adoption and use of briquette and improved charcoal products and production techniques to the communities

FORIG/GTMO/Local communities

Output 4- Promotion and dissemination of information on the utilization potentials for wood residues undertaken

Activities: 4.1 Organization of seminars for senior

government officials to promote the concept of utilization of wood residue

FORIG

4.2 Preparation and distribute policy brief, flyers and journal publications

FORIG

4.3 Develop an elaborate proposal for policy interventions to promote wood residue utilization.

FORIG

4.4 Closing workshop and final report. FORIG/ KNUST/GTMO/ Local communities

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3.4 BUDGET 3.4.1 Master budget Schedule

Outputs/ Description Budget Quantity Units Unit Total ITTO Executing

Activities Component Y1 Y2 Y3

cost US$

cost US$ Y1 Y2 Y3 Agency

Output 1 Capacity for local communities and Industrial utilization of wood residues for briquette and improved charcoal production and marketing strengthened

A1-1 Literature review, development and signing of MOU with timber industries, FC-FSD, local communities and district assemblies

Office supplies 54 2 Units 100 200 200

communication 61.4 1 lumpsum 100 100 100

National experts 11 8 Personnel 400 3200 3200

Techicians 11.8 6 Personnel 200 1200 1200

Supporting staff 11.9 2 Personnel 100 200 200

DSA (Assistant 1) 31.4 1 Personnel 50 50 50

DSA (National experts) 31.1 8 Personnel 150 1200 1200

DSA Technicians 31.3 6 Personnel 100 600 600

Incentives for local communities 61.1 50 participants 100 5000 5000

Fuel 53.1 300 gallon 5 1500 1500

Vehicle hiring 53.2 1 lumpsum 100 100 100

Vehicle maintenance 52.1 1 lumpsum 200 200 200

A1-2 Organization of start-up workshop

National experts 11 10 personnel 400 4000 4000

local travels 33 50 lumpsum 100 5000 5000

workshop participants 61.2 80 participants 100 8000 8000

DSA(Assistant 1) 31.4 1 person 50 50 50

Office supply 54 1 lumpsum 100 100 100

venue hiring 53 1 lumpsum 100 100 100 fuel 53.1 200 gallon 5 1000 1000

meals 61.3 100 participants 20 2000 2000

DSA National expert 31.1 10 personnel 150 1500 1500

Vehicle maintenance 52.1 1 lumpsum 200 200 200

Communication 61.4 1 lumpsum 100 100 100

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A1-3 Estimation of types and volumes of residues from logging and timber processing mills

Wood technologist 11.2 4 personnel 400 1600 1600

Mechanical engineer 11.3 1 personnel 400 400 400

Economist 11.4 1 personnel 400 400 400

Technicians 11.8 4 personnel 200 800 800



DSA Technicians 31.3 4 personnel 100 400 400

DSA Assistant 1 31.4 2 personnel 50 100 100

supporting staff 11.9 5 personnel 100 500 500

fuel 53.1 300 gallon 5 1500 1500

Vehicle maintenance 52.1 1 lumpsum 200 200 200 A1-4 Conduct socioeconomic studies on wood residue utilization for briquette and improved charcoal production

Socio economist 11.4 3 personnel 400 1200 1200




fuel 53.1 200 gallon 5 1000 1000

laptop 44.1 1 unit 800 800 800

vehicle maintenance 52.1 1 lumpsum 200 200 200



DSA Assistant 1 31.4 2 personnel 50 100 100 A1-5 Build capacities of communities and timber industries in briquette and improved charcoal production and marketing

Mechanical engineer 11.3 2 personnel 400 800 800


Economist 11.4 1 personnel 400 400 400

chemical engineer 11.5 2 personnel 400 800 800



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maintenance of equipment 52.2 1 lumpsum 1000 1000 1000





Briquette expert 11.1 1 personnel 400 400 400

Charcoal expert 11.11 1 personnel 400 400 400

Incentives for local timber industry 61.1 6 participant 100 600 600

Incentives for local representatives 61.2 12 participant 50 600 600

meals 61.3 42 participant 20 840 840

fuel 53.1 300 gallon 5 1500 1500


venue hiring 53 1 lumpsum 100 100 100 Output 2 Policy gaps, strategies and institutional arrangements for use of wood residues in briquette and improved charcoal production identified

A2-1 Review relevant policy measures, and institutional arrangements associated with wood residues utilization

Policy consultant 13.1 1 personnel 3000 3000 3000

policy expert 11.6 1 personnel 400 400 400

co-ordinator 11.1 1 personnel 500 500 500

DSA policy consultant 31.1 1 personnel 200 200 200




fuel 53.1 100 gallon 5 500 500

office supply 54 1 lumpsum 150 150 150


supporting staff 11.9 3 personnel 100 300 300 A2-2 Identify policy gaps and institutional arrangements related to wood residues utilization for briquette and charcoal production and marketing




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venue hiring 53 1 lumpsum 100 100 100

fuel 53.1 50 gallon 5 250 250


local travel 33 10 participant 100 1000 1000




National expert 11 16 personnel 400 6400 6400



dialogue workshop 61.2 1 lumpsum 500 500 500 A2-3 Identification of policy options (Identify operational requirements for the promotion and implementation of procedures and framework for integrated wood

residue utilization)




venue hiring 53 1 lumpsum 100 100 100 fuel 53.1 50 gallon 5 250 250


incentives to local reps 61.1 12 participant 50 600 600







vehicle maintenance 52.1 1 lumpsum 200 200 200 A2-4 Identification existing linkages and collaborations between the timber industry and micro-entreprises


socioeconomist 11.4 2 personnel 400 800 800


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technicians 11.8 2 personnel 200 400 400

fuel 53.1 100 gallon 5 500 500






supporting staff 11.9 5 personnel 100 500 500 A2-5 Workshops to validate gaps and policy options





workshop participants 61.2 30 participant 100 3000 3000


fuel 53.1 300 gallon 5 1500 1500






vehicle maintenance 52.1 1 lumpsum 200 200 200 A2-6 Reports on policy gaps, strategies and institutional arrangements






communication 61.4 1 lumpsum 100 100 100 publishing 61.5 100 units 20 2000 2000

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Output 3 Promotion and dissemination of information on the utilization potentials for wood residues undertaken

A3-1 Desk study on the equipment and methods for the briquette and improved charcoal production


mechanical engineer 11.3 1 personnel 400 400 400

wood technologist 11.2 4 personnel 400 1600 1600


fuel 53.1 50 gallon 5 250 250




DSA Assistant 1 31.4 1 personnel 50 50 50 A3-2 Select (detailed equipment designs, cost), order and install equipment




chemical engineer 11.5 2 personnel 400 800 800 office supply 54 1 lumpsum 100 100 100


fuel 53.1 300 gallon 5 1500 1500



DSA Technician 31.4 24 personnel 100 2400 2400



briquette equipment and accessories 44.2 3 unit 15000 45000 45000

Tax on briquette equipment 61.5 3 unit 1000 3000 3000

Tools and spares for installation 52.3 3 unit 1000 3000 3000

vehicle hiring from port 53.2 1 lumpsum 2000 2000 2000

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A3-3 Detailed equipment designs; liaise with industry and plant manufactures; obtain cost





economist 11.4 1 personnel 400 400 400



fuel 53.1 300 gallon 5 1500 1500





Incentives to local reps 61.1 12 participant 50 600 600

fabricated charcoal kilns 44.3 6 unit 5000 30000 30000

tools for installation 52.3 1 lumpsum 1000 1000 1000

vehicle hiring 53.2 1 lumpsum 800 800 800 A3-4 Identify, train operators and commission equipment







equipment operators 12.2 216 person/ month 120 25920 25920


commissioning of equipment 61.3 3 unit 1000 3000 3000

Incentives to local reps & media 61.1 1 lumpsum 500 500 500


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fuel 53.1 200 gallon 5 1000 1000

vehicle maintenance 52.1 1 lumpsum 200 200 200 A3-5 Conduct quality analysis of briquette and improved charcoal (calorific value)





calorimeter 44 2 unit 1500 3000 3000




fuel 53.1 100 gallon 5 500 500



supporting staff 11.9 5 personnel 100 500 500 A3-6 Assess the amount of emissions (volatile products) and distillates (chemicals released) from the production processes of briquette and charcoal





wood distillates apparatus 44.4 2 unit 2000 4000 4000




fuel 53.1 100 gallon 5 500 500



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air quality meter 44.5 3 unit 600 1800 1800

raw material (chemicals) 51 1 lumpsum 2000 2000 2000 A3-7 Distribute the briquette and improve charcoal products to potential users for uptake




socio economist 11.4 3 personnel 400 1200 1200







fuel 53.1 200 gallon 5 1000 1000

vehicle maintenance 52.1 1 lumpsum 200 200 200 A3-8 Conduct cost-benefit analysis of various production techniques






equipment operators 12.2 12 unit 50 600 600

software 44.1 1 unit 2000 2000 2000

laptop 44.1 1 unit 800 800 800





Supporting staff 11.9 6 personnel 100 600 600

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fuel 53.1 300 gallon 5 1500 1500

vehicle maintenance 52.1 1 lumpsum 200 200 200 A3-9 Train relevant stakeholders (Local communities, District Assemblies, Timber industries) in the production and marketing of briquette and improved charcoal

products






equipment operators 12.2 12 unit 50 600 600



incentives for local reps 61.1 30 participant 50 1500 1500





fuel 53.1 200 gallon 5 1000 1000

vehicle maintenance 52.1 1 lumpsum 200 200 200 A3-10 Promote the adoption and use of briquette and improved charcoal products and production techniques to the communities


communication specialist 11.12 1 personnel 400 400 400

socio economist 11.4 1 personnel 400 400 400


marketing specialist 11.13 2 personnel 400 800 800



incentives for local reps 61.1 1 lumpsum 1000 1000 1000



laptop 44.1 1 unit 800 800 800

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fuel 53.1 100 gallon 5 500 500

vehicle maintenance 52.1 1 lumpsum 200 200 200 Output 4 Promotion and dissemination of information on the utilization potentials for wood residues undertaken

A 4-1 Organize seminars for senior government officials and national policy actors to promote the concept of utilization of wood residue


national expert 11 12 personnel 400 4800 4800

national policy consultant 13.1 1 personnel 3000 3000 3000

Assistant 2 (rapporteur) 11.8 2 personnel 50 100 100

workshop participants 61.2 25 participant 100 2500 2500





fuel 53.1 100 gallon 5 500 500




A 4-2 Preparation of policy briefs, flyers and manuals


national experts 11 12 personnel 400 4800 4800


publishing 61.5 400 unit 20 8000 8000

fuel 53.1 60 gallon 5 300 300




DSA (administration) 31.4 5 personnel 50 250 250

A 4-3 Establishment of a National Working Group to develop and elaborate proposals for policy interventions to promote wood residue utilization


policy consultant 13.1 1 personnel 3000 3000 3000

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national expert 11 6 personnel 400 2400 2400


fuel 53.1 100 gallon 5 500 500









validation workshop participants 61.2 10 participant 50 500 500

A 4-4 Closing workshop and final report

national experts 11 12 personnel 400 4800 4800


workshop participants 61.2 80 participants 100 8000 8000




DSA Assistant 2 (Rapporteur) 31.4 2 personnel 50 100 100

fuel 53.1 200 gallon 5 1000 1000

meals 61.3 100 participants 20 2000 2000

travels 33 80 participants 100 8000 8000



publishing 61.5 500 unit 20 10000 10000

A 5-1 Non-activity based expenses

project co-ordinator 11.1 12 12 12 personnel 700 25200 8400 8400 8400

project co-ordinator 11.1 12 12 12 personnel 300 10800 10800

Driver 12.3 12 12 12 personnel 300 10800 3600 3600 3600

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project secretary 12.2 12 12 12 personnel 300 10800 3600 3600 3600

4 WD Vehicle 43 1 unit 45000 45000 45000

Truck 43 1 unit 40000 40000 40000

Premises 41 1 1 1 unit 1000 3000 3000

land 42 1 1 1 unit 1200 3600 3600

office supplies (papers, catridges etc) 54 1 1 1 unit 1000 3000 1000 1000 1000

Desktop computer and accessories(printer scanner, camera, photo copier etc) 44.1 1 unit 8000 8000 8000

consummables 53 1 1 1 unit 1500 4500 1500 1500 1500

Media, publication & education 55 1 1 1 unit 2000 6000 2000 2000 2000

attending seminars and conferences 32.3 1 1 1 year 13500 3500 5000 5000 steering committee meetings 63 1 1 1 unit 3000 9000 3000 3000 3000 steering committee meetings 63 1 1 1 unit 2500 7500 7500

Duty travel & transportation for monitoring team 31.1 1 1 1 unit 700 2100 2100

Auditing 62 1 1 1 unit 2500 7500 2500 2500 2500

71. Executing Agency Management Costs

62836

62836

81. ITTO Monitoring and Review 25000 25000

82. ITTO midterm, final, ex-post

Evaluation Costs 15000 15000

83. ITTO Programme Support Costs (12% on items 10 to 82 above)

75547 75547

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3.4.2 Consolidated budget by component Budget Components Input Unit Costs TOTAL YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3

10 Project Personnel

11. National Experts (Long term) 1,020.0 $ 400.00 $ 40,800.00 $ 13,600.00 $ 10,400.00 $ 16,800.00

11.1. Project Coordinator 36.0 $ 1,000.00 $ 47,500.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 17,300.00 $ 15,200.00

11.2. Wood technologist 37.0 $ 400.00 $ 14,800.00 $ 7,600.00 $ 6,800.00 $ 400.00

11.3. Mechanical engineer 16.0 $ 400.00 $ 6,400.00 $ 3,200.00 $ 3,200.00 $ -

11.4. Socioeconomist/ Economist 15.0 $ 400.00 $ 6,800.00 $ 2,400.00 $ 4,000.00 $ 400.00

11.5. Chemical engineer 6.0 $ 400.00 $ 2,400.00 $ 1,600.00 $ 800.00

11.6. Policy expert 6.0 $ 400.00 $ 2,400.00 $ 800.00 $ 1,600.00

11.8. Technicians 72.5 $ 200.00 $ 14,500.00 $ 5,600.00 $ 7,600.00 $ 1,300.00

11.9. Supporting staff 118.0 $ 100.00 $ 11,800.00 $ 3,500.00 $ 5,300.00 $ 3,000.00

12. Other Personnel 0.0 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

12.1. Assistant 1 0.0 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

12.2. Project secretary/ equipment opreators 240.0 $ 113.00 $ 37,920.00 $ 29,520.00 $ 4,800.00 $ 3,600.00

12.3.Project driver 0.0 $ - $ 10,800.00 $ 3,600.00 $ 3,600.00 $ 3,600.00

13. National Consultants (Short term) 0.0 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

13.1. Policy Consultant 4.0 $ 3,000.00 $ 18,000.00 $ 6,000.00 $ 6,000.00 $ 6,000.00

13.2. Consultant 2 0.0 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

13.3. Consultant 3 0.0 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

14. International Consultants 0.0 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

14.1. RIL Training Expert 0.0 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

14.2. Consultant 2 0.0 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

15. Fellowships and Training 0.0 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

15.1. Training 1 (specify beneficiaries) 0.0 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

15.2. Training 2 0.0 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

15.3. Training 3 0.0 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

19. Component Total 399.0 $ 5,079.67 $ 214,120.00 $ 92,420.00 $ 71,400.00 $ 50,300.00

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20 Sub-contracts

21. Sub-contract (Topic e.g. Mapping, etc.) 0.0 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

22. Sub-contract (Topic 2) 0.0 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

29. Component Total 0.0 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

30 Travel

31. Daily Subsistence Allowance 0.0 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

31.1. National Experts/Consultants 216.0 $ 163.89 $ 42,050.00 $ 20,300.00 $ 17,100.00 $ 4,650.00

31.2. International Consultants 0.0 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

31.3. Technicians 75.0 $ 98.00 $ 7,350.00 $ 2,350.00 $ 5,000.00 $ -

31.4. Assistant 1 $ 4,400.00 $ 3,100.00 $ 700.00 $ 600.00

32. International Travel 0.0 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

32.1. National Experts/Consultants 0.0 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -


32.3. Others 0.0 $ - $ 13,500.00 $ 3,500.00 $ 5,000.00 $ 5,000.00

33. Local Transport Costs 60.0 $ 100.00 $ 14,000.00 $ 6,000.00 $ - $ 8,000.00

33.1. National Experts/Consultants 0.0 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -


33.3. Others 0.0 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

39. Component Total 351.0 $ 361.89 $ 81,300.00 $ 35,250.00 $ 27,800.00 $ 18,250.00

40 Capital Items

41. Premises 0.0 $ - $ 3,000.00 $ 1,000.00 $ 1,000.00 $ 1,000.00

42. Land 0.0 $ - $ 3,600.00 $ 1,200.00 $ 1,200.00 $ 1,200.00

43. Vehicles 0.0 $ - $ 85,000.00 $ 85,000.00 $ - $ -

44. Calorimeter 2.0 $ 1,500.00 $ 3,000.00 $ - $ 3,000.00 $ -

44.1. Computer Equipment 4.0 $ 1,100.00 $ 12,400.00 $ 8,800.00 $ 2,800.00 $ 800.00

44.2. Briquette equipment & accessories 3.0 $ 15,000.00 $ 45,000.00 $ 45,000.00 $ - $ -

44.3. Fabricated charcoal kiln 6.0 $ 5,000.00 $ 30,000.00 $ 30,000.00 $ - $ -

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44.4. Wood distillate apparatus 2.0 $ 2,000.00 $ 4,000.00 $ 4,000.00

44.5. Air quality meter 3.0 $ 600.00 $ 1,800.00 $ 1,800.00

49. Component Total 15.0 $ 22,600.00 $ 187,800.00 $ 171,000.00 $ 13,800.00 $ 3,000.00

50 Consumable Items

51. Raw materials 1.0 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ - $ 2,000.00 $ -

52. Spares 0.0 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

52.1. Vehicle maintenance 22.0 $ 200.00 $ 4,400.00 $ 1,600.00 $ 1,800.00 $ 1,000.00

52.2. Maintenance of equipments 1.0 $ 1,000.00 $ 1,000.00 $ 1,000.00

52.3. Tools and spares for equipment installation 1.0 $ 4,000.00 $ 4,000.00 $ 4,000.00

53. Venue hiring & consumables 0.0 $ - $ 5,700.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 1,900.00 $ 1,800.00

53.1. Fuel $ 21,050.00 $ 10,000.00 $ 8,250.00 $ 2,800.00

53.2. Vehicle hiring $ 2,900.00 $ 2,900.00

54. Office Supplies 22.0 $ 102.27 $ 5,650.00 $ 2,150.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 1,500.00

55. Media, publication & education $ 6,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00

59. Component Total 23.0 $ 2,102.27 $ 52,700.00 $ 24,650.00 $ 18,950.00 $ 9,100.00

60 Miscellaneous

61. Sundry 0.0 $ - $ 68,440.00 $ 23,600.00 $ 11,140.00 $ 33,700.00

62. Auditing 0.0 $ - $ 7,500.00 $ 2,500.00 $ 2,500.00 $ 2,500.00

63. Steering committee meetings $ 16,500.00 $ 5,500.00 $ 5,500.00 $ 5,500.00

63. Contingencies 0.0 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

69. Component Total 0.0 $ - $ 92,440.00 $ 31,600.00 $ 19,140.00 $ 41,700.00

70 National Managment Costs

71. Executing Agency Management Costs (10% of the all the budget components 10-60) stated above)

$ 62,836.00 $ 25,000.00 $ 25,000.00 $ 12,836.00

72. Focal Point Monitoring $ -

79. Component Total $ 62,836.00 $ 25,000.00 $ 25,000.00 $ 12,836.00

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SUBTOTAL 1 $ 691,196.00 $ 379,920.00 $ 176,090.00 $ 135,186.00

80 Project Monitoring and Administration

81. ITTO Monitoring and Review $ 25,000.00

82. ITTO midterm, final, ex-post Evaluation Costs $ 15,000.00

SUBTOTAL 2 $ 40,000.00

83. ITTO Programme Support Costs (12% on items 10 to 82 above)

$ 75,547.00 $ 75,547.00

84. Donor Montoring Costs $ -

89. Component Total $ 115,547.00

90 Refund of Pre-Project Costs (Pre-project budget)

100 GRAND TOTAL $ 806,743.00

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3.4.3 ITTO Budget by components

Annual Disbursements

Total Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

Budget Components

10. Project personnel $ 191,520.00 $85,320.00 $62,500.00 $43,700.00

20. Sub-contracts $ - $ - $ - $ -

30. Duty travel $ 79,200.00 $34,550.00 $27,100.00 $17,550.00

40. Capital items $181,200.00 $168,800.00 $11,600.00 $800.00

50. Consumable items $52,700.00 $24,650.00 $18,950.00 $9,100.00

60. Miscellaneous $84,940.00 $29,100.00 $16,540.00 $39,300.00

Subtotal 1 $589,560.00 $342,420.00 $136,690.00 $110,450.00

80. ITTO Monitor. Evaluation. Costs

81. Monitoring and Review Costs (effective estimation)

$25,000.00

82. Evaluation Costs (effective estimation) $15,000.00

Subtotal 2 $40,000.00

83. Program Support Costs (12% of Overall Budget)

$75,547.00

84. Donor Monitoring Costs $ -

90. Refund of Pre-Project Costs $ -

ITTO TOTAL $705,107.00

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3.4.4 Executing agency budget by component

Annual Disbursements

Total Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

Budget Components

10. Project personnel $22,600.00 $7,100.00 $8,900.00 $6,600.00

20. Sub-contracts $ - $ - $ - $ -

30. Duty travel $2,100.00 $700.00 $700.00 $700.00

40. Capital items $6,600.00 $2,200.00 $2,200.00 $2,200.00

50. Consumable items $ - $ - $ - $ -

60. Miscellaneous $7,500.00 $2,500.00 $2,500.00 $2,500.00

70. Executing Agency Management Costs $62,836.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $12,836.00

EXECUTING AGENCY/HOST GOVT. TOTAL $101,636.00 $37,500.00 $39,300.00 $24,836.00

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3.5 ASSUMPTIONS, RISKS, SUSTAINABILITY 3.5.1 Assumptions and Risks One of the major obstacle to the success of the project is the availability of the sawmill and logging residues and the willingness of the participating timber companies to release them. In mitigating this risk, the local timber companies will be actively involved in the project planning and implementation to help secure their commitment to the project. Other risks anticipated include lack of collaboration by the local communities and timber industries in the selected communities. Already, efforts have been made with some timber industries and local communities in the project sites to sensitize them about the need for the project and the cooperation and collaboration required from them. Memorandum of Understanding will be developed and signed by all the participating stakeholders (Forestry commission, timber industries, chief/ government representatives on behave of the communities and the implementing agency on behave of ITTO). Also there will be the development of conflict resolution mechanism among the stakeholders and also empower local communities in the implementation of the mechanism. Availability and timely release of funds is one of the major risks. This can be avoided by forming a Local Planning and Monitoring Team to help in the planning and execution of the project activities according to the work plan. In this case, activities will be planned ahead of time in order to ensure funds are released for the execution of any of the activities. Reports for any executed activity will be discussed by the team for acceptance. The other risk has to do with acceptance of the improved charcoal and briquette products from the project. Socio- economic survey team will be deployed to gather baseline information amongst them is the acceptability of the products to be produced. Consequently, a special team of communication and marketing experts will be taken on the project to ensure that the appropriate strategies are developed to promote the products to ensure their acceptance by the communities. 3.5.2 Sustainability The study areas and communities will serve for the transfer of knowledge from participating communities to non-participating ones. To ensure sustainability of the technologies developed community-focused management would be the foundation upon which the project’s team will approach the work in dealing with the communities in the project areas. The development of a high level of community involvement and organization will be an overall objective that will take into consideration at all stages of the project cycle. Achieving environmental stability and sustainable provision of environmental services are of prime essence to Ghana. This project has the support of the government and all the local communities. Additionally, the following measures will be pursued to ensure sustainability of the outcomes and outputs of the project:

(i) Incorporate the project into the national programme on poverty reduction and economic growth (ii) Ensure that the activities are mainstreamed into the yearly plan for energy of the energy commission.

This will ensure that the activities are budgeted for in their plan of operations. (iii) FORIG will continue to use the project areas as research sites for long-term studies in relation to

charcoaling of forest tree species and forest degradation and improvement of the lives of the people in the communities.

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PART 4: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS 4.1 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE AND STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT MECHANISMS 4.1.1 Executing Agency and Partners The Executing Agency of the Project will be FORIG and the collaborating partners will be, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) and most importantly the local communities.

Figure: Organizational structure The Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG) is one of the 13 institutes of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). It is located at Fumesua near Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. It was established in 1962. Expertise: The Institute has specialists in Wood Chemistry, Wood Engineering, Wood preservation, anatomy, Sawmilling and Machining, Silviculture, Entomology, Forest botany, Forest ecology, Seed technology, Mensuration / Statistics, Genetics, Agro-forestry, Socio-Economics and Marketing and Information Science, GIS and Remote Sensing. Staff Strength: The Institute has total staff strength of 278 made up of 53 Scientists, 19 who have PhD degrees and the remaining with M.Sc degrees and 80 non-research senior officers. Facilities: The Institute's permanent offices, laboratories and wood processing workshops are located at Fumesua, near Kumasi. It has research centres at Bobiri and Amantia both in the Moist, Semi-Deciduous Forest Zone, Benso in the Wet Evergreen Zone, and Bolgatanga in the Savannah zone. There are also research stations at Subri, Afram Headwaters, Pra-Anum, Accra plains, Northern grassland, Bia Tano and Asenanyo. The institute also has a production section which manufactures prototype wood products. Externally Funded Projects FORIG has won a number of competitive grants/donor supports for a wide variety of projects. Currently, there are over 10 donor-funded projects. These are in the areas of forest management, wood utilization and construction, silviculture and management and entomology.

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Donors/sponsors are varied and range from bilateral support through to research support. Our donors include ITTO, DFID, ASS and the European Union. Below is the list of some on-going donor sponsored projects:

Silviculture and Economics of improved Natural Forest Management in Ghana Processing and Utilization of Logging Residues through Collaboration with Local

Communities and Forest Industries Development of an Integrated Strategy for Reduction of shoot Borer Impact on African

Mahogany in the Tropical Humid Forest of Africa Increasing Productivity and Quality of West African Teak Plantations using Genetic Diversity

and Sustainable Management Rehabilitation of Mined sites Rehabilitation of Degraded Forests in the Savanna Rehabilitation of Degraded Forests through Collaboration with Local Communities Sustainable Development of Bamboo Resource in Ghana and Togo (AFORNET) Genetic Improvement, Productivity and Biodiversity Conservation of T. scleroxylon ,

(AFORNET) Flower induction and mass productivity and biodiversity of T. scleroxylon using tissue

culture (TWAS) Alternative mixed plantation systems and restoration strategies for conservation and

sustainable production to timber species in Ghana (ITTO) Silvicultural strategies for mitigating shootborer impact on African Mahogany; Effect of

pruning and companion planting (IFS) Responding to challenges and demands of national and global trends FORIG is an active member of prestigious international associations such as Commonwealth Forestry Association, International Union of Forestry Research Organizations (IUFRO) and International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources (FRNR) of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) was established in 1982. It has expertise/specialists in Silviculture & forest management, Agro-forestry, Wildlife & Range Management, Wood science & Technology, Fisheries & fresh water management. It has permanent offices and laboratories in the main university campus and will provide human and other resources that will be agreed on as detailed in the project document for the execution of the activities CSIR-FORIG and KNUST as sister institutions have been collaborating in their activities. For example, CSIR-FORIG provides avenues and facilities for student practical attachment as well as supervision/conduction of research project works of KNUST students. KNUST also trains CSIR-FORIG personnel who need upgrading to middle and high level capacities. KNUST will contribute to the research and implementation of project interventions, provide scientific information and technical assistance.The collaboration of these institutions in this project would build capacity of scientists and other stakeholders listed in the Stakeholder Analysis section. FORIG has over the years worked with local communities in the implementation of similar ITTO projects (e.g. PD 431/06 Rev.1 (I)) and has therefore established a long and a strong working relationship with them. Responsibilities FORIG:

Will nominate project coordinator Submit all reports relevant to the project implementation Ensure smooth implementation of the project Facilitate writing of all publications including scientist papers

KNUST

Responsible for all training activities and Dissemination of project results

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4.1.2 Project Management Team Key project staff and their responsibilities will be: Dr. Daniel Sekyere (Project Coordinator) Chemist, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG). He is responsible for the design of the project: the execution and coordination of all aspects of the project: collection and collation of project reports for all participating scientists and community project teams. He will also be responsible for any chemical aspect of the project. Dr. Nana Safo Agyeman Derkyi, Chemical Engineer, will be responsible for briquette studies. Dr. Philip Y. Okyere, Electrical Engineer, will be responsible for improved charcoal studies Dr. Lawrence Damnyag, (Socio-Economist), FORIG, will be in charge of all socio-economic studies. Mr. F. Wilson Owusu, Agricultural Engineer, FORIG will be responsible for installation of briquette equipment and fabrication improved charcoal kilns. Mr. Appiah Kubi will be responsible for improved charcoal production. Dr. Stephen Tekpetey, will be responsible for Training and charcoal kiln maintenance. Mr. J. Kwame Appiah and Mr. Charles Essien, In-charge of workshops and dissemination of information to stakeholders. Dr. Emmanuel Marfo will be responsible for policy and governance analysis. Local communities , representatives of local communities on monitoring and evaluation Team 4.1.3 Project Steering Committee The steering committee will have representatives from:

Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG) Representative of the Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources Representative of the Ministry of Energy Forestry Commission Representative of selected communities Representative of Timber Industries Representative of ITTO Representatives of donor countries

The steering committee will meet once a year to review the project and provide guidance to ensure successful implementation of the project. 4.1. 4 Stakeholder Involvement and Mechanisms Stakeholders will be involved in the project activities through participation, planning and implementation. The timber industries will provide raw materials in the form wood residues from their concessions and factory floor. Stakeholders at the local communities would play active role in the overall execution of field activities, especially on briquette production and utilization of improved charcoal in their communities. The educational institutions like KNUST will make their facilities available for the analysis of quality of the briquette and improved charcoal production and also help in the training of the local communities for the uptake of the products from the wood residue. Stakeholders will also be involved in the dissemination of information and project results. Stakeholders will be represented on the steering committee of the project and attend annual meetings within the project duration.

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4.2 REPORT, REVIEW, MONITORING AND EVALUATION (a) Project Progress Report The project coordinator will be responsible for the preparation of project progress reports minimum four weeks before each ITTO monitoring visit and two months before ITTC sections. (b) Project Completion Report The project coordinator will be responsible for the compilation of the project completion report and have it submitted to ITTO within three months of the project completion. (c) Project Technical Reports The projects technical reports will be prepared by project staff responsible for specific technical activities, peered reviewed by other project staff and submitted to ITTO by the project coordinator. All technical reports will be disseminated at the national sub regional as well as international level in other to share lessons learnt by this project with other authors. c) Monitoring, Review and steering committee visits ITTO monitoring visits will be carried out every 12 months, a total of three visits throughout the project cycle. An internal monitoring and self evaluation for the project will be carried out. To do this a monitoring committee of 5 members made of 3 members selected by the community and 2 project team members in each project area. The team will be responsible for ensuring the successful execution of the project in their respective areas and will require to submit progress on activities in their area bi- yearly ( before submission of progress report to ITTO) to the project coordinator the results of the self evaluation will be use in fine-tuning the activities foreseen for the rest of the project cycle the project steering committee will meet once a year to discuss project technical details as well as to approve certain document, such as yearly plan of operation (YPO). 4.3 DISSEMINATION AND MAINSTREAMING OF PROJECT LEARNING 4.3.1 Dissemination of Project Results Results of the project will be disseminated as follows:

i) Final workshop will be held at the end of the project to disseminate the results of the project as well as agree on follow up actions.

ii) Web site developed with the internet to disseminate the results of each activity completed iii) Scientific publications will be made in scientific journals iv) Media publications will also be made especially during the steering committee meeting

4.3.2 Mainstreaming of Project Learning The project is expected to generate substantial knowledge, particularly in the areas of briquette and improved charcoal production and wood residue utilization technology and approaches to policy uptake of technology. This knowledge needs to be shared both in Ghana and internationally. At the same time, the project needs to learn from other sources and actors. To achieve the full impact of the project, these lessons need to be somewhat institutionalized or mainstreamed. A number of strategies are proposed to execute to achieve this learning and mainstreaming effect. First, the project will take advantage of the growing influence of the print and audio-visual media in Ghana. The project will make it a point to involve the media from the inception through workshops and dissemination activities outlined in this proposal. A deliberate effort to get the media to publish briefs of activities, highlighting main challenges and new approaches to dealing with them will be made. This may target broad public learning of the technology, which hopefully could educate the public about better utilization of wood residues. To this end, media publications could be key indicators to assess this strategy. Second, a key strategy to mainstream the lessons on top of educating key policy actors like the Ministries of Lands and Natural Resources, Trade and Energy, will be to use the National Working Group (NWG) to facilitate the revision of a number of tactical and operational plans within Ministries, Departments and Agencies and the Industry to consider the potential utilization of wood residue. To be able to achieve this NWG itself needs to

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have some level of legitimacy in the eyes of government. A key strategy of the project will be to facilitate the inauguration of the NWG as a standing inter-agency committee through which a number of issues of strategic importance to mainstreaming the lessons learned in course of the project could be channeled to the appropriate actors for further action. Uptake of project results by the educational institutions will be ensured to enable the continual transfer of knowledge through students. At least 20% of the students in departments including the Wood Science & Technology and Renewable Energy in public tertiary institutions would have received training in the use of wood residues for energy in Ghana within 2 years after project completion. Instructors and tutors in technical and vocational institutions would be selected across the country for training workshop on the use of wood residues for briquette and improved charcoal production and their utilization. Tutors and instructors in turn will pass on the knowledge to their students. Selected members from each community in the project study areas already trained as part of the project activities, would act as trainers to other members in their communities for uptake.

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ANNEX 1

PROFILES OF THE EXECUTING AND COLLABORATING AGENCIES FORESTRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF GHANA (FORIG)

The Forestry Research Institute of Ghana is one of the 13 institutes of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). It is located at Fumesua near Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. It started as a research unit within the Forestry Department in 1962. It was fully established as a research institute and named FOREST PRODUCTS RESEARCH INSTITUTE (FPRI) under the Ghana Academy of Sciences in 1964 and in 1968 placed under the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). By Act of Parliament (Act 405) the Institute was transferred from the CSIR to the Forestry Commission in 1980. In 1991, the name of the Institute was changed to Forestry Research Institute of Ghana to reflect the widening scope of its research activities. In 1993, by another Act of Parliament (Act 453) the institute was reverted to the CSIR. The goals of FORIG are:

Conduct user-focused research commissioned by its client Generate and disseminate useful scientific and appropriate technological information directly to its

clients, stakeholders and the general public in a timely manner. Anticipate and address the major research information needs that are likely to face mangers, policy

makers , and stakeholders in the future, ( i.e. develop capacity for quick responses to changing circumstances)

Enhance its institutional capability through appropriate training programmes to address technical problems in forestry resources protection, sustainable management, and utilization.

Contribute through research to the social ,economic and environmental well-being of the people of Ghana

Enhance the sustainable management , conservation and efficient utilization of Ghana’s forest resources

Foster strong linkages, through collaborative research across disciplines among forestry professional, stakeholders and external institutions.

FORIG has the following objectives:

Develop technologies for sustainable management of natural forest and biodiversity conservation Develop technologies fundamental to the success of plantation forestry. Generate technological

properties and develop appropriate techniques for the efficient utilization of Ghana’s forest resources.

Enhance sustainable management and utilization of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) Mobilize, process and disseminate information critical to the management of Ghana’s forest

resources Strengthen capacity and use it for optimum research and commercialized services Establish mechanism for attracting financial assistance from donors, private and public institutions

for research. Expertise: The Institute has specialists in Silviculture, Entomology, Forest botany, Forest ecology

Seed technology, Mensuration/Statistics, Genetics, Agro-forestry, Socio-Economics and Marketing and Information Science. GIS and Remote Sensing.

Staff Strength: The Institute has total staff strength of 278 made up of 47 senior members 19 who have PhD degrees and the remaining with M.sc Degrees and 61 non-research senior officers.

Facilities: The Institute’s permanent offices and laboratories are located at Fumesua, near Kumasi. It has research centers at Bobiri and Amantia both in the Moist, Semi-Deciduous Forest. Benso in the Wet Evergreen Zone, and Bolgatanga in the Savannah zone. There are also research stations at Subri, Afram Headwaters, Pra-Anum, Accra plains, Northern grassland, Bia, Tano and Asenanyo. Externally Funded Projects FORIG has won a number of competitive grants/donor supports for a wide variety of projects. Currently, there are over 10 donor-funded projects. These are in the areas of forest management, wood utilization and construction, silviculture and management and entomology.

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Donors/sponsors are varied and range from bilateral support through to research support. Our donors include ITTO, DFID, ASS and the European Union. Below is the list of some on-going donor sponsored projects:

Silviculture and Economics of improved Natural Forest Management in Ghana Processing and Utilization of Logging Residues through Collaboration with Local Communities and

Forest Industries Development of an Integrated Strategy for Reduction of shoot Borer Impact on African Mahogany in

the Tropical Humid Forest of Africa Increasing Productivity and Quality of West African Teak Plantations using Genetic Diversity and

Sustainable Management Rehabilitation of Mined sites Rehabilitation of Degraded Forests in the Savanna Rehabilitation of Degraded Forests through Collaboration with Local Communities Sustainable Development of Bamboo Resource in Ghana and Togo (AFORNET) Genetic Improvement, Productivity and Biodiversity Conservation of T. scleroxylon , (AFORNET) Flower induction and mass productivity and biodiversity of T. scleroxylon using tissue culture

(TWAS) Alternative mixed plantation systems and restoration strategies for conservation and sustainable

production to timber species in Ghana (ITTO) Silvicultural strategies for mitigating shootborer impact on African Mahogany; Effect of pruning and

companion planting (IFS) Responding to challenges and demands of national and global trends FORIG is an active member of prestigious international associations such as Commonwealth Forestry Association, International Union of Forestry Research Organizations (IUFRO) and International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

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ANNEX 2.

TASKS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY EXPERTS PROVIDED BY THE EXECUTING AGENCY Key project staff and their responsibilities will be:

1. Dr. Daniel Sekyere (Project Coordinator) Chemist, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG). He is responsible for the design of the project: the execution and coordination of all aspects of the project: collection and collation of project reports for all participating scientist s and community project teams. He will also be responsible for any chemical aspect of the project.

2. Dr. Nana Safo Agyeman Derkyi, Chemical Engineer, will be responsible for briquette studies. 3. Dr. Philip Y. Okyere, Electrical Engineer, will be responsible for improved charcoal studies. 4. Dr. Lawrence Damnyag, (Socio-Economist), FORIG, will be in charge of all socio-economic studies 5. Mr. F. Wilson Owusu, Agricultural Engineer, FORIG will be responsible for installation of briquette

and improved charcoal pilot plants, 6. Mr. E. Appiah-Kubi will be responsible for residue assessment. 7. Dr. Stephen Tekpetey, will be responsible for residue assessment 8. Mr. J. Kwame Appiah and Mr. Charles Essien, In-charge of workshops and dissemination of

information to stakeholders 9. Dr. Emmanuel Marfo will be responsible for policy and governance analysis 10. Dr. Takahiro YOSHIDA: Researcher department of wood processing, Forestry and Forest Products

Research Institute Japan, will be responsible for any chemical aspect of the briquette 11. Dr. Makoto KIGUCHI: Principal Research Coordinator (Woody Biomass), Forestry and Forest

Products Research Institute Japan, will be responsible for improved charcoal analysis

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CURRICULUM VITAE OF DR. DANIEL SEKYERE

PERSONAL PARTICULARS FULL NAME: Daniel Sekyere DATE OF BIRTH: 21 September 1949 TOWN OF BIRTH: Old Tafo NATIONALITY: Ghanaian COUNTRY OF BIRTH: Ghana PRESENT POSITION: Principal Research Scientist QUALIFICATIONS B.Sc (ed) Chemistry (Major) Biology (Minor) and Education University of Cape Coast, 1973 Maitrise (C4) Macromolecular Chemistry Universite Scientifique et Medicale de Grenoble, (U.S.M.G) France, 1978 Diploma Etude Approfondie (DEA): Spectroscopy Methods USMG (France) – 1979 Doctorat 3ieme Cycle: Pulp & Paper Engineering

Institute of National Polytechnique de Grenoble; (I.N.P.G), France – 1978

Recent Conference

i. XXI IUFRO Congress (2000), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, August 6th – 13th ii. International Conference on value-added processing and utilization of lesser-used timber species (ITTO

& TEDB, FORIG), Kumasi, Ghana – 1998. Selected Publications i. Derkyi N. S.A., Sekyere D, Okyere Y.P., Darkwa N.A. and Nketiah S.K (2011) Development of

Bioenergy conversion alternatives for climate change mitigation. International Journal of Energy and Environment. 2:3(525-532)

ii. Jetua, F.K., Tandoh, J.K. and Sekyere, D. (2000). Utilization of tannin from bark of Acacia nilotica for formulation trials of tannin-phenol-formaldehyde adhesive, Ghana Journal of Forestry Vol. 9 p.21-26.

iii. Sekyere, D. (1997). Pulping characteristics of Gmelina arborea and Musanga cecropiodes. Ghana Journal of Forestry, Vol. 4, p. 63-68.

iv. Sekyere, D., Pla, F. and Robert (1983). Delignification of Pinus caribaea Holzforschung and Holzverwertung 35, 6, p. 135-139.

v. Sekyere, D., Pla, F. and Robert (1983). Pulping of Pinus caribaea in sodium hydroxide with addition of Anthraquinone acid treatment and oxygen/alkali delignification Holzforschung und Holzverwertung 5, 6, p. 140-145.

Position and relevant work undertaken recently

i. Head of Chemistry and Chemical Technology Division, FORIG – 2001 ii. Visiting Senior Lecturer for three years, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology,

Kumasi, Ghana – 1998-2001. iii. Project Leader, Ghana Government priority project on appropriate technologies for pulping and paper

production of paper products – 1993-1997. iv. Project Leader: Development of energy alternatives for the efficient utilization of wood processing

residue: co-generation and briquette production. ITTO Project PPD 53/02/Rev. 1(1), 2003-2004. v. Project Leader (FORIG): Sustainable uptake of cassava as an industrial commodity project. DFID,

CPHP, 2002-2004. vi. Project Leader (FORIG). Cassava as an industrial commodity-improving access to knowledge on

approaches and options for expanding markets for cassava. DFID, CPHP, January 2005 – March 2006.

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CURRICULUM VITAE OF DR. NANA SARFO AGYEMANG DERKYI NAME: Nana Sarfo Agyemang Derkyi (PhD) ADDRESS: CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, University P. O. Box 63, Kumasi, Ghana TEL: 233-3220-60123/61748 FAX: 233-3220-60121 MOBILE: 233-24-0161157 E-MAIL: [email protected] ; [email protected] DATE OF BIRTH: 15 January 1969 MARITAL STATUS: Married

ACADEMIC QUALIFICATION

1994: B.Sc. (Hons) Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana 2000: M.Sc. (Organic Chemistry), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology 2010: PhD. (Chemical Engineering), KNUST

CONSULTANCY SERVICES

2009: Oduro, K.A. & Derkyi, N.S.A. Biofuel Project on Reconnaissance Survey for Site Selection. Consultancy Service Report for CIFOR. August 2009.

2009: Adu-Bredu, S. & Derkyi, N.S.A. Feasibility of a gold standard project promoting efficient use of firewood and charcoal in West Africa to reduce deforestation and carbon emission. Consultancy Service Report for World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) (US $ 7000.00)

2008: Derkyi, N.S.A. Consultancy services for Energy Pool Limited for the production of high quality briquette charcoal and activated carbon. 2008: Derkyi, N.S.A. Consultancy services for SCANSTYLE MIM Limited for the determination of ash content in wood residues. 2008: Derkyi, N.S.A. Consultancy services for BURG F. M. Limited for the chemical analysis and self-ignition tests on wood charcoal for export. 2003: Derkyi, N.S.A. Expert Consultation on Wood Residue Utilization for Energy – Tropenbos International Ghana.

REFEREED PUBLICATIONS

1. Derkyi, N.S.A., Bailleres H., Chaix G., Thevanon, M.F., Oteng-Amoako, A.A. and Adu-Bredu S.

(2009). Colour Variation in Teak (Tectona grandis) Wood from Plantations Across the Ecological Zones of Ghana. Ghana Journal of Forestry.Vol 25 pp. 40-48

2. Derkyi, N.S.A., Acquaah, S.O, and Owusu-Akyaw, M. (2009). Use of some indigenous plant

products to control the maize storage weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motsch Journal of Natural Sciences.Vol. 4 No. 2: 46-62.

3. Derkyi N. S.A, Adu-Amankwa B, Sekyere D, and Darkwa N. A. (2011). Optimization of Process Parameters Using Response Surface Methodology for the Extraction of Formaldehyde-Condensable Phenolics from Pine Bark. Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences (JETEAS) 2 (1): 64-69

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4. Derkyi N. S.A, Adu-Amankwa B, Sekyere D, and Darkwa N. A. (2011). Application of Near Infrared Spectroscopy in Chemometric Modeling of Tannin Content and Stiasny Number of Pinus caribaea Bark. Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences (JETEAS) 2 (1): 132-136.

5. Derkyi N. S.A, Adu-Amankwa B, Sekyere D, and Darkwa N. A. (2011). Rapid Prediction of Extractives and Polyphenolic Contents in Pinus caribaea Bark Using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy. International Journal of Applied Sciences (IJAS), Volume (2) : (1): 1 – 11

6. Derkyi, Nana S. A.; Sekyere, Daniel; Darkwa, Nicholas A.; and Boakye, Nana B. (2011). Modeling and Optimization of Polyphenol Extraction for Tannin-Formaldehyde Resin Synthesis. International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering (IJCRE) Vol. 9: A99.

7. Derkyi N. S.A, Adu-Amankwa B, Sekyere D, and Darkwa N. A. (2011). Rapid Prediction of Extractives Contents in Pinus caribaea Bark Using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy. International Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IJPAC). Accepted.

8. Derkyi N. S.A, Sekyere D, and Darkwa N. A. Polyphenols from Pinus caribaea Bark: Effect of aqueous acetone and aqueous ethanol extraction optimization on Tannin-Formaldehyde Adhesive Production. International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications (IJCEA). In review.

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CURRICULUM VITAE OF DR. PHILIP YAW OKYERE NAME: Philip Yaw Okyere POSITION: Senior Lecturer, Head of Department (1996-1998, 2002-2004) ADDRESS: Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, KNUST, Kumasi NATIONALITY: Ghanaian DATE: 13th February 1955 QUALIFICATIONS i. Dr-Ing in Electrical Engineering – Higher National School of Electrical Engineering (ENSIEG)

GRENOBLE, France – 1985. ii. D.E.A. (“Mention Bien”) in Electrical Engineering – Higher National School of Electrical Engineering

(ENSIEG), GRENOBLE, France – 1985. iii. B.Sc. (First Class) in Electrical Engineering – University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi,

Ghana 1979.

Selected Research and Development i. Finding an efficient method of building a linearised model for large multi-machine power system – 1986. ii. Portitioning a large interconnected power system into sub-systems taking into consideration the dynamic

interaction among the system components – 1988. iii. Improving the modal technique of equivalent external system for transient stability study of large

interconnected power system – 1990. iv. Development of energy alternatives for the efficient utilization of wood processing residue: co-generation

and briquette production. ITTO Project PPD 53/02/Rev. 1(1). Teamwork. Publications

1. Okyere, P.Y. “Invasion of Y-matrix occurring in a linearised multi-machine power system for dynamic studies”. Journal of University of Science and Technology, Vol. 13, No. 1pp. 21-32, February 1993.

2. Okyere, P.Y.: “Decomposition of interconnected power systems for dynamic studies”, Journal of University of Science and Technology, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 21-32, February 1993.

3. Okyere, P.Y. “Methods for constructing optimal and sub-optimal aggregated models” The Ghana Engineer, Vol. 14 No. 1, pp. 43-49, march, 1994.

4. Okyere, P.Y. “The use of aggregation techniquye in power system stability studies”. The Ghana Engineer Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 51-60, March, 1994.

Papers read and conferences

i. AGODZO, S.K, OKYERE, P.Y., KUSI-APPIAH, K. “The use of Wenner configuration to monitor soil water content” EnrAgEng, AGENE, WARWICK 2000, Paper No. 00-SW-018.

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CURRICULUM VITAE OF DR. LAWRENCE DAMNYAG NAME: Lawrence DAMNYAG (PhD) POSITION: Research Scientist ADDRESS: CSIR- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Kumasi DATE & PLACE OF BIRTH: 04 July 1963, Ghana NATIONALITY: Ghanaian QUALIFICATION 2012: PhD Resource Economics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland 2000: MPhil Economics, University of Ghana. 1996: B.A. (Hon) Economics with Statistics, University of Ghana Relevant professional training/courses

“Decision making in natural resources management: Economics for the Environment”, organized by the International Agriculture Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands. October 4 to 18, 2004.

“Communicating Environmental Research to policy-makers: Exploring population, Health and Environment Linkages”, Tanzania, 2-14 June 2004, by Population Reference Bureau, USA and Institute of Resource Assessment, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Rural poverty reduction through food security and agriculture growth organized by the “World Bank Institute, through the Global Development Network, Accra, Ghana, November 14 to December 19, 2001.

Rural infrastructure services (RIS) for poverty reduction, organized by the World Bank Institute, through the Global Development Network, Accra, Ghana, November 13 to December 18, 2002.

Fighting poverty through sustainable development, organized by the World Bank Institute, through the Global Development Network, Accra, Ghana, March 20 to April 24, 2002.

CURRICULUM VITAE MR FRANCIS WILSON OWUSU

NAME: Francis Wilson Owusu POSITION: Research Scientist ADDRESS: CSIR- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Kumasi DATE/PLACE OF BIRTH: 25 August 1963 NATIONALITY: GHANAIAN Key Qualification: Project member: ITTO-FORIG Project No. PD 179/91(Lesser-Used Timber Species) Project member: ITTO-FORIG Project No. PD 4/98 ( Silviculture & Economics of Member, National Project Co-ordinating Team (NPCT) of ITTO/TEDD project PD13/95n Rev. 3(I), “Capacity Building in Training, Planning and Management of Forest Industries in ITTO Producer Member Countries Educational Background M.Sc. Wood technology and Management, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana

BSC: Agricultural Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana

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CURRICULUM VITAE MR. Emmanuel Appiah-Kubi NAME: Emmanuel Appiah-Kubi POSITION: Research Scientist ADDRESS: CSIR- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Kumasi DATE OF BIRTH: 17th May, 1981 EMAIL ADDRESSES: [email protected] ; [email protected] NATIONALITY: Ghanaian

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION

2009: MPhil Civil Engineering (Timber Engineering), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

2005: BSc. Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

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CURRICULUM VITAE OF DR. STEPHEN LARTEY TEKPETEY

Name: Stephen Lartey TEKPETEY

Date of Birth: 13th December, 1977

Email Addresses: [email protected],[email protected]

Nationality: Ghanaian

Current Position: Research Scientist

Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-FORIG) Kumasi, Ghana.

Key Interest: Research in climate change and adaptations , sustainable wood residue utilization, domestic energy security and wood processing and marketing.

Educational Qualification

1. Ph.D (Wood Science and Technology) : August, 2004 - June, 2009

2. BSc (Hons.), Natural Resources Management, (Wood Science Option) : August, 1999- June, 2003

Selected Publications

Tekpetey, S.L., K.Frimpong-Mensah and Monica Idinoba(2011).Towards sustainable forest management in Ghana: Understanding the climatic risk and adaptation maze. In: Geldenhuys, C.J. et al (eds.) Sustainable forest Management in Africa Symposium: African solution to African Problems. Stellenbosch South Africa, 3rd to 7th November, 2008. Pp 493-499 Tekpetey, S.L. and G. Quartey (2008).Charcoal in Ghanaian Households: Impact on Environment, Pocket and Health. Journal of Agricultural Research and Policies, Duncan publishers Vol. 3 (1): 43-45 Tekpetey, S.L., K. Frimpong-Mensah and M. Idinoba (2009) Vulnerability of production and utilization of bioenergy to climate change impact in Ghana. Proceedings of Sustainable Energy and environmental protection,Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland August 12-15 September 2009. Tekpetey, S.L., K. Frimpong -Mensah and Monica Idinoba (2008). Toward Domestic Energy Security in Ghana in the wake of Climatic threat: Some viable Coping Strategies in Rural Ghana. Tropical Forest and climate Change Adaptation (TroFCCA).Regional Meeting, Accra, Ghana. 18th-20th Nov.2008 Tekpetey, S.L., K. Frimpong-Mensah and Monica Idinoba (2008). Impact assessment of climate change on fuelwood production and utilization in Ghana: An essential tool for Adaptation. Proceedings of International Conference on Forest Adaptation,Umea, Sweden. Tekpetey, S.L., K. Frimpong- Mensah and M. Idinoba (2008).Sustainable Production and Utilization of Woodfuel in Ghana: A Needed Response to Climate Risk. In: Saligh Ali(Eds) Proceedings of the World Renewable Energy Congress (WREC),19-25 July,2008 Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.

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CURRICULUM VITAE MR. JOSEPH KWAME APPIAH NAME: Joseph Kwame Appiah POSITION: Research Scientist ADDRESS: CSIR- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Kumasi DATE OF BIRTH: 01st February, 1953 NATIONALITY: Ghanaian

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION BSc. Natural Resource Management (Wood Science option), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

M. Phil Wood Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

CURRICULUM VITAE MR. CHARLES ESSIEN NAME: Charles Essien POSITION: Research Scientist ADDRESS: CSIR- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Kumasi DATE OF BIRTH: 17th May, 1981 EMAIL ADDRESSES: [email protected] [email protected] NATIONALITY: Ghanaian

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION 2011 MPhil Wood Science and Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology 2005 BSc. Natural Resources Management, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology Selected Publications

1. F. W. Owusu, J. K. Appiah, C. Essien, B. Brentuo and E.G. Foli (2013) Quality assessment of some timber trees extracted from the Afram-arm of the Volta Lake in Ghana: sawing characteristics. Annals Biological Research. 4 (1): 142-151. Full paper available at www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com

2. Essien C, Ofori J., Sekyere D., Owusu F W and Tekpetey, S.L (2012) Assessing the suitability of

Ficus sur and Cola gigantea as raw material for pulp and paper production in Ghana. Annals of Biological Research. 3 (10):4650 – 4656.

3. Essien C., Oteng-Amoako, A. A. and Tekpetey, S.L (2012) Morphological Assessment and

Susceptibility of Bamboo to Bio-Degrading Agents in Ghana. Journal of Bamboo and Rattan (submitted). ManuscripNo.JBR/KFRI/332

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CURRICULUM VITAE OF DR. EMMANUEL MARFO PERSONAL PARTICULARS NAME: Emmanuel MARFO DATE/PLACE OF BIRTH: 27TH July 1973, Kumasi NATIONALITY: Ghanaian ACADEMIC BACKGROUND Ph.D. Environmental Policy (Wageningen University, Netherlands) 2006 M.Sc. Forest Policy (Wageningen University), 2001 B.Sc. Natural Resources Management (KNUST), 1997 RELEVANT WORK EXPERIENCE Research Scientist, FORIG since 2003 Consultant, Tropenbos Ghana Programme – 2001-2002 President, International Forestry Students Association – 1998/1999 RELEVANT RESEARCH EXPERIENCE

Project Leader: Legal pluralism and forest governance in Ghana. International Foundation for Science, since 2004.

Consultancies on programme development process and some policy-related study on planning and implementation of forest policies in Ghana, 2002.

RELEVANT REPORTS AND PUBLICATIONS

Marfo, E. 2001. Synthesis report of the research programme development, policy formulation and implementation: issues for research. Tropenbos-Ghana Programme.

Marfo, E. 2004a. Unpacking and repacking community representation in forest management and policy negotiations. A scientific paper under peer review for publication in the Ghana Forestry Journal Vol. 14 & 15.

Marfo, E. 2004b. ‘Coping with illegality, conflicts over timber access and coping strategies’. Tropenbos Workshop proceedings No.2.

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CURRICULUM VITAE OF TAKAHIRO YOSHIDA Name : Takahiro YOSHIDA (吉田貴紘)

Sex : Male

Date of birth : May 18, 1972

Affiliation : Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI)

Wood Drying Laboratory, Department of Wood Processing

Education : Ph.D. Dept. Applied Chemistry, Tohoku University (March, 2000)

M.F. S. Dept. Applied Chemistry, Tohoku University (March, 1997)

B.S. Dept. Molecular Chemial Enginerring, Tohoku University (March, 1995)

Current major research field :

Efficient production and utilization of wood pellet.

Woody biomass utulization in rural area.

Drying (dewatering) of wood chip in lower energy consumption.

Mitigation (densification) of forest residue affected by nuclear pollutants

Professional Experience

April, 2000 – March, 2003 NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development

Organization) post doctor at Institute for Energy Utilization of National

Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba.

April, 2003 – November, 2003 AIST post doctor at Biomass research laboratory of AIST chugoku,

Hiroshima.

December, 2003 – Current Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba

Major publications :

1. Takahiro Yoshida, Tsutomu Takano, Naohiro Kuroda, “Thermal Behavior of Deteriorated Wood

Waste,” Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology, 31(4), 298–308, 2011

2. Takahiro Yoshida, Hiroyuki Sasaki, Tsutomu Takano, Osamu Sawabe, “Dewatering of high-

moisture wood chip by roller compression method,” Biomass & Bioenergy, 34(7), 1053-1058 (2010)

3. Daisuke Kamikawa, Katsushi Kuroda, Mariko Inoue, Satoshi Kubo, Takahiro Yoshida, "Valuation of

combustion properties of wood pellets using a cone calorimeter," Journal of Wood Science, 55(6),

453-457 (2009)

4. Takahiro Yoshida, Tetsuya Sano, Takashi Nomura, Hideki Gensai, Hiroki Watada, Seiji

Ohara、Fundamental study on the production of “hyper wood pellet” – Effect of torrefaction

condition on grinding and pelletizing properties, Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, 7(4),

705-710 (2013)

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CURRICULUM VITAE OF DR. MAKOTO KIGUCHI PERSONAL PARTICULARS NAME: Makoto KIGUCHI DATE/PLACE OF BIRTH: 18th July 1959, Tokyo JAPAN Sex: Male NATIONALITY: Japanese ACADEMIC BACKGROUND Ph.D. Agriculture (Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan) 1993 M.Sc. Wood Science (Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan), 1984 B.Sc. Wood Science (Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan), 1982 RELEVANT WORK EXPERIENCE Principal Research Coordinator (Woody Biomass), Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI) since 2013 Head of Chemical Processing Laboratory, FFPRI – 2007-2013 Head of Wood Protection Laboratory, FFPRI - 2004-2007 Team Leader, FFPRI - 2003-2004 Research Officer of Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), 2001-2003 Visiting Fellow of the Australian National University, 1994-1995 Senior Research Scientist, FFPRI - 1993-2001 Research Scientist, FFPRI - 1984-1993 RELEVANT RESEARCH EXPERIENCE Project Leader: Biomass utilization, Project of MAFF, 2007-2011 Project Sub-Leader: Development of wooden road facilities, Project of MAFF, 2004-2008 Development of Wood-Plastic Composites, 1999-2012 Development of new wooden materials by chemical modifications, 1988-2000 Improvement of weatherability of wood and wooden materials, 1984-2012 RELEVANT REPORTS AND PUBLICATIONS 1. H. Matsunaga, M. Kiguchi, B. Roth, P.D. Evans, 2008. Visualisation of Metals in Pine Treated with

Preservative Containing Copper and Iron Nanoparticles, IAWA Journal, 29 (4), 387-396 2. Philip Evans, Hiroshi Matsunaga, Makoto Kiguchi, 2008. Large-scale application of nanotechnology for

wood protection, nature nanotechnology , 3, 577 3. Makoto Kiguchi, Yutaka Kataoka, Hiroshi Matsunaga, Koichi Yamamoto, Philip D. Evans, 2007. Surface

deterioration of wood-flour polypropylene composites by weathering trials, J. Wood Sci., 53, 234-238 4. Y. Kataoka, M. Kiguchi, R. S. Williams, P. D. Evans, 2007. Violet light causes photodegradation of wood

beyond the zone affected by ultraviolet radiation, Holzforschung, 61, 23-27 5. Makoto Kiguchi, Yutaka Kataoka, Masahiro Suzuki, Yuji Imamura, 2005. Progress Towards the Service

Life Prediction of Coatings for Exterior Wood by Weathering Test Trials, “Service Life Prediction”, edited by J. W. Martin, R. A. Ryntz, R. A. Dickie, Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, USA, pp123-134 (ISBN No. 0-934010-60-9)

6. Yutaka Kataoka, Makoto Kiguchi, Takeshi Fujiwara, Philip D. Evans, 2005. The effects of within-species and between-species variation in wood density on the photodegradation depth profiles of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) and hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa), Journal of Wood Science、51, 531-536

7. Y. Kataoka, M. Kiguchi, P.D. Evans, 2004. Photodegradation depth profile and penetration of light in Japanese cedar Earlywood (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) exposed to artificial solar radiation, Surface Coatings International Part B: Coatings Transactions, 87, B3, 187-193

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8. M. Kiguchi, Y. Kataoka, M. Mori, S. Doi, M. Hasegawa, S. Morita, Y. Kadekaru, P. Ahola, G. Hora, K. Jenang, P. Evans, Y. Imamura, 2001. Progress towards the Development of Weathering Map of Wood in Japan, High-Performance Utilization of Wood for Outdoor Uses, Edited by Yuji Imamura, Kyoto University, Kyoto, pp1-13

9. M. Kiguchi, P.D. Evans, J. Ekstedt, R.S. Williams, Y. Kataoka, 2001. Improvement of the durability of clear coatings by grafting of UV-absorbers on to wood, Surface Coatings International Part B, Coatings Transactions, The Science and Technology of Paints, Inks and Related Coatings and their Raw Materials, 84, B4, 263-270

10. E.L. Mari, M. Kiguchi, M. Suzuki, 2000. Significance of Acid and Heat Treatments on Non-conventional Bonding of Giant Ipil-Ipil (Leucaena Leucocephala), Journal of Tropical Forest Products, 6 (1), 48-61

11. M. Kiguchi, P.D. Evans, 1998. Photostabilisation of Wood Surfaces Using a Grafted Benzophenone UV Absorber, Polymer Degradation and Stability，61, 33-45

12. M. Kiguchi, 1997. Photo-Deterioration of Chemically Modified Wood Surfaces Acetylated wood and alkylated wood, JARQ 31(2), 147-154

13. M. Kiguchi, 1995. Surface Modification and Activation of Wood, "Chemical Modification of Lignocellulosic Materials", Edit. D.N-.S. Hon, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1995, pp197-227(ISBN 0-8247-9472-9)

14. M. Kiguchi, K. Yamamoto, 1992. Chemical Modification of Wood Surfaces by Etherification III. Some properties of self-bonded benzylated particleboard, Mokuzai Gakkaishi，38(2), 150-158

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Annex 3 CHANGES IN RESPONSE TO ITTO 44th PANEL OF EXPERTS COMMENTS

Specific recommendations 1. Rephrase the title to reflect its focus on technical aspect of wood residues utilization Reaction: The title has been changed to reflect the technical content as highlighted in the title page and in text. 2. Add project brief and objective tree Reaction: the project brief and the objective tree have been highlighted in the text as indicated in pages 4 and 22 respectively. 3. Improve elaboration of Section 1.1 Origin. Explain the relevant aspects of the referred studies to the

proposed project Reaction: the origin has been expanded to include the relevant aspects of the referred studies as highlighted in page 8 in the text 4. In Section1.2 Relevance, add conformity with the ITTO Action Plan Reaction: the relevance and the conformity with the ITTO Action Plan have been added as highlighted in page 9 in the text 5. Add the missing conformity with the country’s policy in Section 1.2 and expand the relationship of this

project with the previous relevant ITTO projects Reaction: the missing conformity with the country’s policy and the relationship of this project with the previous relevant ITTO projects have been added and highlighted in Section 1.2.2 as indicated in page 10 6. Improve elaboration of the target area by specifying the project site, as well as presentation of better

maps Reaction: the target area and better maps of these areas have been added and highlighted as indicated in pages 11 and 12 7. Enhance Section 1.3.2.1 Social, environmental and economic aspects by analyzing the current

situation

Reaction: the social, environmental and economic aspects have been added and highlighted in pages 11 and 12 8. Reformulate Section 2.1.1 by adding other related institutions, including industrial sector. Explain also

the relationship between and among the institutions. Reaction: Section 2.1.1 has been reformulated and highlighted in page 16 of the text 9. Improve the stakeholder analysis and explain further the stakeholders’ involvement in the project Reaction: Stakeholder analysis and their involvement in the project execution have been added and highlighted in the text as indicated in page 17. 10. Improve the problem analysis by investigating the socio-economic dimension of the utilization of wood

residues, especially its impact to rural communities. Avoid solution sentences/paragraphs in the problem analysis. Reformulate the problem tree and the project’s objectives according to the revision of the problem analysis. Add the objective tree

Reaction: the socio-economic dimension, objective tree, problem tree and problem analysis have been revised and highlighted in pages 22, 23 and 27 in the text.

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11. Taking into account the changes made in the problem tree rewrite the LFM. Revise the outputs in consistency with Part 3. Reformulate the indicators into SMART indicators.

Reaction: the logical frame matrix and indicators has been revised and highlighted in pages 24 and 27 12. Fill in the column responsible party of the workplan. Reaction: the responsible party’s column in the workplan have been filled and highlighted as indicated in page 33. 13. Reformulate the budget arrangements in accordance with ITTO manual. ITTO’s and EA’s yearly

budget are missing Reaction: the budget has been modified to conform to ITTO’s budget format as indicated in page 36. ITTO’s and EA’s yearly budgets have been included. 14. Improve the section on Assumptions and risks and add the section on sustainability. Reaction: sections on the Assumption & risks as well as the sustainability have been added and highlighted in page 39 15. Rewrite the whole part of Part 4. Improve elaborate of the sections. Project management team must

be completed, and ITTO and donor counties must be included in the steering committee members. Reaction: Part 4, ITTO and donor countries members have added to the steering committee members as highlighted in the text and indicated in page 41.

ITTO PANEL OF EXPERTS COMMENTS RESPONDS 1. Rephrase the title to reflect its focus on

technical aspect of wood residues utilization

Reaction: The title has been changed to reflect the technical content as highlighted in the title page and in text.

2. Add project brief and objective tree

Reaction: the project brief and the objective tree have been highlighted in the text as indicated in pages 4 and 22 respectively

3. Improve elaboration of Section 1.1 Origin. Explain the relevant aspects of the referred studies to the proposed project

Reaction: the origin has been expanded to include the relevant aspects of the referred studies as highlighted in page 8 in the text

4. In Section1.2 Relevance, add conformity with the ITTO Action Plan

Reaction: the relevance and the conformity with the ITTO Action Plan have been added as highlighted in page 9 in the text

5. Add the missing conformity with the country’s policy in Section 1.2 and expand the relationship of this project with the previous relevant ITTO projects

Reaction: the missing conformity with the country’s policy and the relationship of this project with the previous relevant ITTO projects have been added and highlighted in Section 1.2.2 as indicated in page 10

6. Improve elaboration of the target area by specifying the project site, as well as presentation of better maps

Reaction: the target area and better maps of these areas have been added and highlighted as indicated in pages 11 and 12

7. Enhance Section 1.3.2.1 Social, environmental and economic aspects by analyzing the current situation

Reaction: the social, environmental and economic aspects have been added and highlighted in pages 11 and 12

8. Reformulate Section 2.1.1 by adding other related institutions, including industrial sector. Explain also the relationship between and among the institutions.

Reaction: Section 2.1.1 has been reformulated and highlighted in page 16 of the text

9. Improve the stakeholder analysis and explain further the stakeholders’ involvement in the project

Reaction: Stakeholder analysis and their involvement in the project execution have been added and highlighted in the text as indicated in page 17.

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10. Improve the problem analysis by investigating the socio-economic dimension of the utilization of wood residues, especially its impact to rural communities. Avoid solution sentences/paragraphs in the problem analysis. Reformulate the problem tree and the project’s objectives according to the revision of the problem analysis. Add the objective tree

Reaction: the socio-economic dimension, objective tree, problem tree and problem analysis have been revised and highlighted in pages 22, 23 and 27 in the text

11. Taking into account the changes made in the problem tree rewrite the LFM. Revise the outputs in consistency with Part 3. Reformulate the indicators into SMART indicators.

Reaction: the logical frame matrix and indicators has been revised and highlighted in pages 24 and 27

12. Fill in the column responsible party of the workplan

Reaction: the responsible party’s column in the workplan have been filled and highlighted as indicated in page 33.

13. Reformulate the budget arrangements in accordance with ITTO manual. ITTO’s and EA’s yearly budget are missing

Reaction: the budget has been modified to conform to ITTO’s budget format as indicated in page 36. ITTO’s and EA’s yearly budgets have been included.

14. Improve the section on Assumptions and risks and add the section on sustainability.

Reaction: sections on the Assumption & risks as well as the sustainability have been added and highlighted in page 39

15. Rewrite the whole part of Part 4. Improve elaborate of the sections. Project management team must be completed, and ITTO and donor counties must be included in the steering committee members.

Reaction: Part 4, ITTO and donor countries members have added to the steering committee members as highlighted in the text and indicated in page 41.

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Annex 4 CHANGES IN RESPONSE TO ITTO 45th PANEL OF EXPERTS COMMENTS Specific recommendations 1. Rephrase the title to reflect its focus on technical aspect of wood residues utilization and

improvement on livelihood and environmental ( prevention of forest resources destruction) aspect

Reaction: The title has been changed to reflect the technical, livelihood and environmental content as highlighted in the title page and in text. 2. Improve the presentation of the project site’s map with more specific information. Reaction: new project site map has been added to the text 3. Improve elaboration of Section 1.1 Origin. Add elaboration on relationship of the project

proposal with findings of previous ITTO’s project implemented in Ghana which has similarity in their objectives. Also add explanation on relationship between existing forest resources and improvement of communities’ livelihood;

Reaction: the origin has been expanded to include the relevant aspects of the referred studies as highlighted in section 1.1 in the text 4. In Section1.2 Relevance, add conformity with the ITTO Strategy Action Plan 2013 - 2018 Reaction: the relevance and the conformity with the ITTO Action Plan have been added as highlighted in section 1.2 in the text 5. In section 1.3 Target area, improve elaboration of the target area with information on

environmental aspect of each of the sites. Reaction: the environmental aspects of each of the sites have been added and highlighted in section 1.3 in the text. 6. In Section 2.1.1 institutional set-up and organizational issues, explain the relationship between

and among the institutions. Reaction: Section 2.1.1 has been reformulated and highlighted in section 2.1.1 in the text 7. In section 2.1.3 Problem analysis, revise the analysis in accordance with the recommendations

provided by the Forty-fourth Expert Panel. Reformulate the problem tree and the project’s objectives according to the revision of the problem analysis. Please note that each cause of the problem tree must have at least two sub-causes.

Reaction: the problem tree has been revised and highlighted in section 2.1.3 in the text. 8. Taking into account the changes made in the problem analysis and the problem tree, rewrite

the LFM. Reaction: the LFM have been revised and highlighted in section 2.1.3 in the text. 9. Clarify the indicators into more specific objects, such as wood products, people, employment

etc.. Reaction: the indicators has been revised and highlighted in section 2.1.3 in the text 10. In section3.3, work plan, change responsible parties into institutions. Reaction: the responsible party’s column in the workplan have been changed and highlighted as indicated in section 3.3 in the text.

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11. Reformulate the budget arrangements in accordance with ITTO manual. Specify budget Item 44 (capital equipment) and justify budget Item 71 (Executing agency Management Cost) which should be explained the reason of the increase

Reaction: the budget has been modified to conform to ITTO’s budget format as indicated in section 3.4 in the text. The capital items have been specified and the Executing agency management cost is 10% of the total project activity cost (budget components 10-69) in both the consolidated and master budgets. 12. Section 3.5.1, Assumptions and risks, revise it in accordance with the recommendations

provided by the forty-fourth Experts Panel. Reaction: sections on the Assumption & risks as well as the sustainability have been added and highlighted. 13. In section 4.1.1 Executing agency and partners, explain the capacity of the Executing agency

and the relationship between and among parties. Reaction: the Executing agency and partners’ capacities as well as the relationships between and among them have been explained and highlighted in section 4.1.1 in the text. 14. Improve section 4.1, stakeholder involvement and mechanisms; Reaction: Stakeholder involvement and mechanisms have been revised in section 4.1 in the text. 15. In section 4.3.2, Mainstreaming of project learning, improve elaboration by focusing on

strategy to mainstream the project’s lessons learnt. Please note that the current text of this section explain about dissemination of the project outputs

Reaction: the section has been revised as highlighted in section 4.3.2 in the text. 16. Add TOR for the consultant

Reaction: the consultant’s TOR has been added.

17. Include an Annex that shows the overall assessment and specific recommendations of the Forty-fourth Expert Panel and respective modifications in tabular form. Modifications should also be highlighted (bold and underline) in the text of the revised proposal.

ITTO PANEL OF EXPERTS COMMENTS ACTION

1. Rephrase the title to reflect its focus on technical aspect of wood residues utilization and improvement on livelihood and environmental ( prevention of forest resources destruction) aspect

Reaction: The title has been changed to reflect the technical, livelihood and environmental content as highlighted in the title page and in text.

2. Improve the presentation of the project site’s map with more specific information.

Reaction: new project site map has been added to the text

3. Improve elaboration of Section 1.1 Origin. Add elaboration on relationship of the project proposal with findings of previous ITTO’s project implemented in Ghana which has similarity in their objectives. Also add explanation on relationship between existing forest resources and improvement of communities’ livelihood

Reaction: the origin has been expanded to include the relevant aspects of the referred studies as highlighted in section 1.1 in the text

4. In Section1.2 Relevance, add conformity with the ITTO Strategy Action Plan 2013 - 2018

Reaction: the relevance and the conformity with the ITTO Action Plan have been added as highlighted in section 1.2 in the text

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5. In section 1.3 Target area, improve elaboration of the target area with information on environmental aspect of each of the sites

Reaction: the environmental aspects of each of the sites have been added and highlighted in section 1.3 in the text.

6. In Section 2.1.1 institutional set-up and organizational issues, explain the relationship between and among the institutions.

Reaction: Section 2.1.1 has been reformulated and highlighted in section 2.1.1 in the text

7. In section 2.1.3 Problem analysis, revise the analysis in accordance with the recommendations provided by the forty-fourth Expert Panel. Reformulate the problem tree and the project’s objectives according to the revision of the problem analysis. Please note that each cause of the problem tree must have at least two sub-causes

Reaction: the problem tree has been revised and highlighted in section 2.1.3 in the text

8. Taking into account the changes made in the problem analysis and the problem tree, rewrite the LFM.

Reaction: the LFM have been revised and highlighted in section 2.1.3 in the text.

9. Clarify the indicators into more specific objects, such as wood products, people, employment etc.

Reaction: the indicators has been revised and highlighted in section 2.1.3 in the text

10. In section3.3, work plan, change responsible parties into institutions

Reaction: the responsible party’s column in the workplan have been changed and highlighted as indicated in section 3.3 in the text.

11. Reformulate the budget arrangements in accordance with ITTO manual. Specify budget Item 44 (capital equipment) and justify budget Item 71 (Executing agency Management Cost) which should be explained the reason of the increase

Reaction: the budget has been modified to conform to ITTO’s budget format as indicated in section 3.4 in the text. The capital items have been specified and the Executing agency management cost is 10% of the total project activity cost (budget components 10-69) in both the consolidated and master budgets.

12. Section 3.5.1, Assumptions and risks, revise it in accordance with the recommendations provided by the forty-fourth Experts Panel

Reaction: sections on the Assumption & risks as well as the sustainability have been added and highlighted.

13. In section 4.1.1 Executing agency and partners, explain the capacity of the Executing agency and the relationship between and among parties.

Reaction: the Executing agency and partners’ capacities as well as the relationships between and among them have been explained and highlighted in section 4.1.1 in the text.

14. Improve section 4.1, stakeholder involvement and mechanisms

Reaction: Stakeholder involvement and mechanisms have been revised in section 4.1 in the text.

15. In section 4.3.2, Mainstreaming of project learning, improve elaboration by focusing on strategy to mainstream the project’s lessons learnt. Please note that the current text of this section explain about dissemination of the project outputs

Reaction: the section has been revised as highlighted in section 4.3.2 in the text

16. Add TOR for the consultant Reaction: the consultant’s TOR has been added.

17. Include an Annex that shows the overall assessment and specific recommendations of the forty-fourth Expert Panel and respective modifications in tabular form. Modifications should also be highlighted (bold and underline) in the text of the revised proposal.

All the corrections have been made blue, highlighted, bold and underlined in the text.

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ANNEX 5: TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR THE POLICY CONSULTANT

A. Qualifications

Policy professional in related discipline with experience in forest laws and governance Preferable with an advanced academic degree and a minimum of five years working

experience Knowledge in Multi-Stakeholder Dialogue and other participatory dialogue processes

B. Duties

Submit a work plan. Review relevant policy measures and institutional arrangements associated with wood

residues utilization. Identify policy gaps and institutional arrangements related to wood residue utilization for

briquette and charcoal production and marketing. Identification of policy options (Identify operational requirements for the promotion and

implementation of procedures and framework for integrated wood residue utilization.) Identify existing linkages and collaborations between the timber industry and micro-

enterprises (gari processors, local gin distillers, charcoal producers). Workshops to validate gaps and policy options. reports on policy gaps, strategies and

institutional arrangements C. Outputs The consultant should satisfactorily deliver the following outputs:

Proceedings of all the identified tasks Reports on all the policy gaps and option as well as relevant conclusions and

recommendations D. Duration

the duration will not exceed six (6) months

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Annex 6 CHANGES IN RESPONSE TO ITTO 46th PANEL OF EXPERTS COMMENTS

1. Delete the reference to ITTO Action Plan 2008-2011;

The reference to the ITTO 2008 – 2011 has been deleted (strikethrough and highlighted red) as indicated in the section 1.2.1 in P2.

2. Strengthen Section 2.1 of the proposal by including the issues and assessment of the adequacy of the existing institutional capacity and organizational set-up;

Section 2.1, has been strengthened with additional information highlighted in red in the text as indicated in pp 9-10

3. Correct the errors in the problem tree;

The errors in the problem tree have been corrected and highlighted in red in the text as indicated in p 15

4. Refine the impact indicators within a longer time-frame; The impact factors within a longer time frame have been revised and highlighted in red in the text in pages 16-17, 21

5. Include appropriate gender specific indicators in the logical framework matrix; Gender specific activities have been specified and highlighted in red in the text in pages 16-17.

6. Present the master budget schedule in full accord with the format in Table 8 of the ITTO Manual; The master budget schedule has been reformatted in full accord with the format in Table 8 of the ITTO Manual as indicated and highlighted in red in the text page 29 -41

7. Include an Annex that shows the overall assessment and recommendations of the 46th Panel and the respective modifications in tabular form. Modifications should also be highlighted (bold and underline) in the text.

ITTO 46th PANEL OF EXPERTS COMMENTS ACTION

1. Delete the reference to ITTO Action Plan 2008- 2011

Reaction: The reference to the ITTO 2008 – 2011 has been deleted (strikethrough and highlighted red) as indicated in the section 1.2.1 in P2.

2. Strengthen Section 2.1 of the proposal by including the issues and assessment of the adequacy of the existing institutional capacity and organizational set-up

Section 2.1, has been strengthened with additional information highlighted in red in the text as indicated in pp 9-10

3. Correct the errors in the problem tree Reaction: The errors in the problem tree have been corrected and highlighted in red in the text as indicated in p 15

4. Refine the impact indicators within a longer time-frame

Reaction: The impact factors within a longer time frame have been revised and highlighted in red in the text in pages 16-17, 21

5. Include appropriate gender specific indicators in the logical framework matrix

Reaction: Gender specific activities have been specified and highlighted in red in the text in pages 16-17.

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6. Present the master budget schedule in full accord with the format in Table 8 of the ITTO Manual

Reaction: The master budget schedule has been reformatted in full accord with the format in Table 8 of the ITTO Manual as indicated and highlighted in red in the text page 29 -41

7. Include an Annex that shows the overall assessment and recommendations of the 46th Panel and the respective modifications in tabular form. Modifications should also be highlighted (bold and underline) in the text

All corrections have been done in the text and highlighted in red in the respective sections of the text. The project received category one during the assessment by the 46th Panel of experts.

itto the briquette and improve charcoal products to potential users for uptake conduct cost-benefit...

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