THE BRITISH COINS IN THE GISORS (1970) H O A R D

F. D U M A S A N D J. D . B R A N D

IN May 1970 a workman discovered a large hoard of coins in Gisors (Eure), the town in the Norman Vexin near which had been the traditional meeting place between the kings of England and France until the former lost Normandy at the beginning of the thirteenth century. The find spot was in the court of a house built on the medieval walls of the town. The hoard when found was in a three-legged bronze pot and had corroded into a solid green mass. The coins had been in a hemp sack and considerable traces of this were still adhering to the coin mass. The lump of green metal, weighing some 15-1 kilogrammes, was carefully cleaned and the coins separated by the Laboratoire d'Archeo-logie des Metaux, Nancy, and the greatest number of coins proved, naturally, to be French—both regal and feudal. In what had been the bottom of the sack, however, were the remains of a leather bag or purse, which had contained several hundred 'foreign' coins, mostly English Short Cross pennies. It seems likely that all of the foreign coins, with the possible exception of the odd stray piece, had been segregated in this purse by the original owner of the hoard. A full report of the find will appear in due course in a French journal, but the editors invited Madame Dumas, a conservateur of the Biblio-theque Nationale,1 to publish the British content in BNJ. She invited Mr. Brand to collaborate with her in the publication of this part of the hoard.

Table I gives a summary of the total contents of the hoard. The French coins were mainly of an alloy containing a high proportion of copper. These were heavily corroded and, in the cleaning, some disintegrated. The total number of coins originally present cannot, therefore, be accurately determined, but the table gives the number of complete, or largely complete, pieces together with the weight of the fragments. The French coins will be discussed in detail elsewhere, but it should be noted that on their evidence the hoard was deposited after 1241, because of the presence of a denier of Alphonse de Poitiers from the mint of Riom. One of the few German coins is a pfennig of Conrad von Hochstaden, from the mint of Attendorn, on which he is described as archbishop: he was not appointed archbishop of Cologne until 22 May 1244.

Of the coins from the British Isles, twelve pennies are from Ireland, in the name of King John: an issue made between 1205 and c. 1210. Thirteen pennies and two cut half-pennies are from Scotland, all but one in the name of William the Lion. Although William died in 1214, coins continued to be issued in his name until after c. 1230, when Alexander II finally put his name on the currency. The bulk of the British portion was provided by England: 824 pennies and 40 cut halves of pennies.

1 The law of treasure trove in France is rather has the right, indeed the duty, to examine and record different from that in England. A hoard is shared all finds of coins and has a pre-emptive right to equally between the finder and the owner of the land. purchase any or all of the contents for its collection. The Cabinet des Medailles of the BibliothequeNationale

THE BRITISH COINS IN THE GISORS (1970) HOARD 23

TABLE I

Provisional Summary of the Hoard d. = denier ob. = obole L. = J. Lafaurie, Les Monnaies des rois de France, i (Paris, 1951) PA. = F. Poey dAvant, Monnaies feodales de France, 3 vols. (Paris, 1858-62)

F R E N C H R E G A L COINS Philip I (1060-1108)

Etampes L. 61 1 d. Orleans L. 68 1 d.

Louis VI (1108-39) Chateau-Landon L. 102 6 d.

L. 103 12 d. Etampes L. 112 50 d.

L. 113 7 d. L. 114 14 d. L. 113 or 114 3 d. L. 115 20 d.

Pontoise L. 134 99 d. L. 133 or 134 4 d. L. 135 3 d.

Senlis L. 157 5 d.

Louis VII (1137-80) Bourges L. 145 105 d. Mantes L. 150 23 d. Paris L. 138 3 d.

L. 139 899 d. + 3-55 g. L. 140 1 d. L. 141 145 d. L. 142 157 d. L. ? 45 d.

Pontoise L. 155 7 d. L. 156 11 d.

Louis VI or Louis VII Orleans L. 130 or 154 214 d. Pontoise L. 134-5 or 155-6 1 d.

Philip II Augustus (1180-1223) Arras L. 183 771 d.+3-19 g.

L. 184 3,847 d.+4-66 g. L. 183 or 184 176 d.+34-97 g.

Bourges L. 166 4 d. Laon (Bishop Roger de Rozoy: 1180-1201) L. 173 24 d. Montreuil L. 187 308 d. Paris L. 181 1,990 d. +18-07 g.

L. 182 3 ob. Peronne L. 189 138 d. Saint-Omer L. 191 51 d. Tours L. 193 2 d.

Louis VII or Philip II Paris L. ? 25 d.+ 37-02 g.

Louis VIII and Louis IX (1223-66) Tours L. 195

24 THE B R I T I S H COINS IN T H E G I S O R S (1970) H O A R D 24

TABLE I (coilt.) F R E N C H F E U D A L C O I N S

Abbeville William III (1191-1221). PA. iii, pi. clvi. 14-15. 106 d. Bar Henry II (1214^10). L. Maxe-Werly, Histoire numismatique du Barrois

(Brussels, 1895), p. 17. 4 d. Boulogne Reginald de Dammartin (1191-1212). PA. iii, pi. cliv. 24. 119 d. Chartres Anonymous. PA. i, pi. xxxiv. 4 var. 1 d. Celles Robert de Mehun (1198-1239). PA. i, pi. xlv. 5. 1 d. Dijon Hugh IV (1218-72). A. de Barthelemy, Essai sur les monnciies des dues

de Bowgogne (Dijon, 1849), pi. ii. 14. 28 ob. Dreux Robert I-III (1137-1234). PA. i, pi. ii. 25. 128 d. Le Mans Immobilized monogram of Herbert. PA. i, pi. xxx. 1-3. 4 d. Meaux Stephen de la Chapelle (1161-71). PA. iii, pi. exxxix. 25. 1 d.

Peter I (1172^4). PA. iii, pi. exxxix. 26. 3 d. Nantes Anonymous. PA. i, pi. x. 2. 6 d. Nevers Herve de Donzy (1199-1223). PA. i, pi. xliv. 18. 3 d. Provins Theobald III (1197-1201). PA. iii. 5978. 2 d.

Theobald IV (1201-53). PA. iii, pi. exxxviii. 24. 14 d. Reims Samson (1140-62). PA. iii, pi. cxl. 21. 6 d.

Henry I (1162-76). Id. 22. 6 d. William I (1176-1204). PA. iii, pi. cxli. 1. 23 d. Guy II (1204-7). Id. 3. 15 d. Alberic (1207-19). Id. 4. 40 d. William II (1219-24). Id. 5. 452 d. Henry II (1227-40). Id. 6. 99 d. William I or II. 40 d. Uncertain. 6 d.+2-66 g.

Rennes Anonymous. PA. i, pi. x. 6. 7 d. Riom Alphonse de Poitiers (1229/30-1271). PA. i, pi. 1. 5 1 d. Tours Abbey of St. Martin. PA. i, pi. xxxi. 15-16. 12 d. Saint Quentin Eleanor (1183-1214). PA. iii, pi. clvi. 6. 153 d.

Id. 7. 4 d. Troyes Theobald IV (1201-53). PA. iii, pi. exxxviii. 11. 5 d.

N O N - F R E N C H C O I N S

(Detailed in the Appendix) Low Countries England (see also Table II)

Germany Ireland Scotland

P E L L E T of silver

4 mailles 824 pennies 40 half pennies

8 pfennigs 12 pennies 13 pennies 2 half pennies 2-44 g.

It has recently been shown quite conclusively that English coin circulated as currency in north-western France up to 1204.1 There is some documentary evidence to suggest that it also circulated for many years after that date: this evidence is, however, little more than official rates of exchange between English pennies and French deniers.2

A question which has to be asked, therefore, is whether the English coins in the Gisors hoard were a parcel from general currency in France or a parcel, or parcels, recently arrived from England. A detailed list of the non-French coins is given in the Appendix to this paper, and a summary of the English coins by mints and classes is given as Table II. All of the English pieces were of the Short Cross type issued between 1180 and 1247.

1 J. Yvon, 'Esterlins a la croix courte dans les moitie du xme siecle', BNJ xxxix (1970), pp. 24-60. tresors fran?ais de la fin du xne et de la premiere 2 Ibid., p. 32, note 3.

T H E B R I T I S H COINS IN THE GISORS (1970) H O A R D 25

All of the eight major classes into which Short Cross pennies are currently divided1 are present. Only one hoard found in the British Isles is recorded as ending with class VIII of this issue: the small find from Wrexham published in the preceding volume of this Journal.2 Only two hoards from the Continent are recorded as ending with class VIII: the two hoards from Ribe in Denmark which are so similar to each other that one must suspect that they are from the same parcel direct from England if not, indeed, two parts of the same hoard.3 Thus the Gisors hoard could be an important addition to the evidence available for currency in England in the mid-thirteenth century. The chronology currently in use postulates that pennies of class VIII of the Short Cross coinage were issued from c. 1242 to 1247.4

TABLE II

English Coins by Mints and Classes I II III IV V VI VII VIII Irregular Total

P E N N I E S London 14 1 1 12 53 71 200 11 3 366 Canterbury 2 21 26 20 261 16 1 347 Bury St. Edmunds 1 27 1 29 Carlisle Chichester Durham Exeter Ipswich Lincoln Lynn Northampton/Norwich Oxford Rochester Shrewsbury Wilton Winchester Worcester York Rhuddlan Uncertain

Irregular

H A L F - P E N C E London Canterbury York Uncertain

30

12

7

38 114

3 3 2 2

To

92

10

15 503

_3 31

_3 11

1

1 2 1 1

6 1

13 5 2

2 15 1 8 3

18 821

3 824

15 15 4

_6 40

1 L. A. Lawrence, 'The Short Cross Coinage, 1180-1247', BNJxi (1915), pp. 59-100, as modified by F. Elmore Jones, 'The Last Short-Cross Issue of Henry III (Class VIII)', BNJ xxv (1947), pp. 286-90; and J. D. Brand, 'Some Short Cross Questions', BNJ xxxiii (1964J, pp. 57-69, and 'The Short Cross Coins of Rhuddlan', BNJ xxxiv (1965), pp. 90-7.

2 J. M. Lewis 'A Short Cross Hoard from Wrexham', BNJ xxxix (1970), pp. 19-23. No. 22 on that listing of the hoard is of class VI.

3 G. Galster, 'A Find of English Coins at Ribe, Denmark', NC, 1916, pp. 378-98; L. A. Lawrence 'Note on the Ribe Find', NC 1916, pp. 399-401; G. Galster, Nordisk Numismatisk Arsskrift, 1959, pp. 165-6; J. D. Brand and J. H. Stewart, 'A Second Find of English Sterlings from Ribe (1958)' (in the press).

4 BNJ xxxiii (1964), pp. 57-69, and see also D. M. Metcalf's Introduction to SCBI12, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford II, p. xii.

T H E B R I T I S H COINS IN THE GISORS (1970) H O A R D 26

How can we assess whether the Gisors hoard included a parcel of coins arrived recently from England ? Or whether it was an accumulation from English coins used as currency in France? Whilst no certain answer can ever be given, and it may of course have been a mixture of the two, the probabilities can be investigated.1 But first must be considered the question of whether the English coin used as currency in France would have shown a similar mix to that used in England: if the two were identical, investigation of the wider question would be fruitless. From 1066 to 1204 there was considerable traffic between England and Normandy. The nobility of England after the Conquest was largely Norman. Family ties would encourage travel between the two countries. More important, perhaps, a portion of the landowning classes held estates in both England and Normandy. The Church, in its higher orders at least, was largely supra-national and the clergy travelled extensively. Most important, in the latter half of the twelfth century, were the territorial ambitions of the Angevin kings. Henry II of England spent most of his reign in his continental territories: defending them against the kings and major magnates of France; expanding them at the expense of his neighbours; controlling his turbulent subjects there. Henry demanded, and received, support f rom England for his continental adventures, both in men and money. The major part of the money transported across the Channel, both official and private, would have been melted and recoined into the local deniers. Continental coins are virtually never found in England in the twelfth century; English pennies are seldom found south of the Loire. Only in the Plantagenet sphere of influence north of the Loire, and then only in the last few years of that century and the first few of the next, are English coins found regularly. The increasing pressure of Philip Augustus on Richard I and more particularly on John, culminating in the loss of Normandy to the French crown, seems to be the reason for the currency of pennies. The normal administration was breaking down: pennies were not all turned into deniers, but were circulated. Every recorded hoard that was deposited in the English lands north of the Loire in the decade up to 1204 contained a proportion of English pence. After that date only a few hoards did so. Up to 1204 the constant coming and going of persons, the large sums of money sent over from England to Normandy for the purposes of waging war, both would have ensured that the coin circulating there was of a similar nature, a similar mix, to the currency circulating in England itself. After 1204 these sources virtually ceased. English coinage current in Normandy thereafter would largely be still from the pre-1204 stock with minor later additions. One would therefore expect any hoard deposited in Normandy after 1204, which included English pennies from general circulation there, to have a greater per-centage of early coins than a hoard of similar date deposited in England.

There are two large hoards found in England which were deposited late in the currency of Short Cross class VII. One, that from Eccles found in 1864,2 is so ill recorded, how-ever, that it is of limited value for comparison purposes and must be used with great caution. The even larger hoard found in Colchester in 19023 is thus the only one available for full comparison purposes. The early class VII hoard found at Clifton in 19474 is

1 See J. D. Brand, 'Some Notes on Interpretation of Hoard-Evidence in the Short Cross Period', Cunobelin, 1967, pp. 30-5, for a discussion of the validity of English hoards found abroad.

2 W. S. W. Yaux, 'Some Notes on the Eccles Find of Silver Coins', NC 1865, pp. 219-54. Some valuable

supplementary information is given on p. 294 of the same volume.

3 H. A. Grueber, 'A Find of Silver Coins at Colchester', NC 1903, pp. 111-76.

4 R. A. G. Carson, 'The Clifton (Lancashire) Find of Short Cross Pennies', NC 1947, pp. 80-2.

THE BRITISH COINS IN THE GISORS (1970) H O A R D 27

useful as a starting-point, and there are three late hoards found outside the British Isles which have the appearance of parcels straight from England: one is that known as 'France 1897'1 and the other two are from Ribe in Denmark.2 Table III records the contents of all these hoards by mints. The most noticeable, and significant, feature is the rise in the proportion of Canterbury mint coins relative to those of London.

T A B L E I I I

English Pennies by Mints in Selected Hoards Clifton Eccles 'France' Colchestcr Gisors Ribe 1 Ribe II Wrexham No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. /o No. % No. %

London 34 55-8 2,643 44-8 269 47-1 5,096 48-2 366 44-6 551 45-1 77 46-7 27 43-5 Canterbury 13 21-3 2,279 38-6 215 37-7 4,125 39-0 347 42-3 559 45-7 76 46-1 29 46-8 Bury St.

Edmunds 1 1-6 212 3-6 29 5-1 457 4-3 29 3-5 39 3-2 5 3-0 5 8-1 Other mints 18-0 9-6 5-6 8-3 7-4 6-0 4-2 6-1

Carlisle 15 21 1 2 Chichester 31 2 28 2 1 Durham 22 21 1 4 Exeter 1 19 2 48 1 6 1 Ipswich 18 34 3 Lincoln 1 58 3 100 6 5 1 Lynn 14 20 1 1 1 Northampton

/Norwich 1 105 4 122 13 18 2 Oxford 13 1 21 5 4 Rochester 18 9 2 1 Shrewsbury 3 6 Wilton 3 8 2 1 Winchester 5 142 10 247 15 20 2 Worcester 1 15 1 York 3 96 8 157 8 6 Rhuddlan 9 2 15 3 1

Uncertain 2 3-3 198 3-4 26 4-5 22 0-2 18 2-2

61 100-0 5,899 100-0 571 100-0 10,572 100-0 821 100-0 1,222 100-0 165 100-0 62 100-0 Ratio

1,222

London:Canterbury 2-6:1 1-2:1 1-3:1 1-2:1 •1:1 1-0:1 1-0:1 0-9:1

Detailed analysis of hoard evidence (not reproduced here) shows that the output at London was much higher than that at Canterbury until, at least, c. 1216 and perhaps for a few years after that. Through most of the issues of class VII, however, Canterbury's output was in excess of that of London, and this is borne out by the Exchange accounts which survive for much of the period.3 The mint accounts show that Canterbury only declined again after 1242, when class VIII is presumed to have been introduced. Through-out most, if not all, of the period of issue of class VII then, the proportion of coins of Canterbury to those of London in the currency stock of the country should gradually rise. In general terms, the higher that proportion in a hoard, the later the hoard should be. Similarly, as the last of the provincial mints had been closed c. 1218, apart from Bury St. Edmunds, coins from those mints should thereafter provide a gradually diminishing percentage of the coin stock, and accordingly the percentage of provincial mint coins in a hoard should be indicative of its relative date.

A third factor which may be used for determining relative dates of late Short Cross hoards has been postulated:4 the percentage in the total hoard of the London moneyers

1 L. A. Lawrence, 'On a Hoard of Short Cross 3 C. E. Blunt and J. D. Brand, 'Mint Output of Pennies', NC 1897, pp. 235-44. Henry III', BNJ xxxix (1970), pp. 61-6.

2 See note 3 on page 25. There are some other 1 J. D. Brand and R. H. M. Dolley, 'Two "New'" late hoards which have been deliberately omitted Yorkshire Hoards of Short Cross Pennies', BNJ from the comparative tables for a variety of reasons, xxxii (1963), pp. 94-8.

T H E B R I T I S H COINS IN THE G I S O R S (1970) H O A R D 28

Abel, Ilger, Rau(l)f, and Walter. These four were very prolific and, possibly, the only moneyers active in the whole country in the early emissions of class VI. In late class VI they are rejoined by the Canterbury mint and by small emissions from Bury St. Edmunds, and there were tiny issues from Durham, Winchester, and York in 1217/18. Thus the relative output of these four London moneyers reduced very considerably after c. 1216. Although three of them continued striking in the early years of class VII, even so their coins together formed a diminishing proportion of the coins in circulation. The figures are set out in Table IV.

T A B L E I V

Selected Moneyers Clifton Eccles 'France' Colchester Gisors Ribe I Ribe II Wrexham

Abel 6 398 17 463 33 39 5 Ilger 7 633 44 760 54 64 3 4 Rau(l)f 8 441 28 610 36 57 9 2 Walter 4 136 31 83 22 36 3 1

25 1,608 120 1,916 145 196 20 7

% of total 41 27 21 18 18 16 12 11

Fourthly, the proportion of coins of class VII (and VIII) should rise as the date of deposit is deferred. Unfortunately several of the hoards were found, and largely dis-persed, before Lawrence published his definitive classification.1 For the late hoards, however, we do have the classification evolved by (Sir) John Evans in 1865.2 His classes roughly correspond with those of Lawrence as follows:

Evans Lawrence I and II I-IV III and IV V and VI V VII — VIII

Whilst the criteria for Evans class V and Lawrence class VII are slightly different, they are close enough for most practical purposes. The analysis of the hoards by classes is set out on Table V.

There are thus four ways of comparing late Short Cross hoards for comparability of mix. As can be seen from Tables III, IV, and V, the English content of the Gisors hoard fits easily into place on all of the criteria, and thus may be presumed to have been mainly, if not necessarily wholly, put together in England rather than in France.

In his recent paper Yvon remarked that French hoards including English coins customarily had a percentage of cut halfpennies, and sometimes cut farthings also, whereas British hoards seldom included the smaller pieces.3 The Gisors hoard had 42 cut halfpennies: 40 English and 2 Scottish. Does this indicate that the parcel had come from circulation in France? The classes of the English halves are given in Table II. No less than 70 per cent are of the types that were issued after 1204, showing that the

1 Ribe I, which as published is arranged by Law- 2 J. Evans, 'The Short Cross Question', NC 1865, rence's main classes, was classified by Galster from pp. 255-95. the plates, but not the text, of Lawrence's paper. 3 BNJxxxix (1970), p. 31 and n. 1.

T H E B R I T I S H C O I N S IN T H E G I S O R S (1970) H O A R D 29

bulk, at least, were not remnants from the time of the Angevin rule. Whilst cut pieces do not figure in many British hoards, this is due merely to the general rule that hoarders tend to put away only the largest denomination that is conveniently available to them.1

Cut pieces certainly did circulate in England, and are probably more frequent as isolated site finds than whole pennies.2 A trader, as distinct from a saver, would be quite likely to have some halves and, moreover, the smaller pieces would be readily accepted in France where the normal denier was equivalent in value to an English farthing. There is thus no reason necessarily to suppose that the halves were cut in France rather than in England. Indeed, the Wrexham hoard had five cut halfpennies: a higher proportion than Gisors.

Class I-IV V and VI VII VIII

Clifton 4 6-5

48 78-7 9 14-8

TABLE V

English Pennies by Classes Eccles

(200) (2,520) (2,730)

3-7 46-2 50-1

37 208 326

6-5 36-4 57-1

Colchester 1,198 >1-3 3,179 30-1 6,195 58-6

74 2 1 2 504

31

90 25-8 61-4

3-8

Ribe I 35

291 847

49

Ribe II 2-9

23-8 69-3

4-0

3 41 96 25

Wrexham 1-8

24-8 58-2 15-2

6 1

48 1

9-7 11-3 77-4

1-6

61 (5,450) 821 1,222 165 62

Any adulteration of the English portion of the hoard from French currency sources would, as has been shown, have largely been composed of the earlier types: classes I to IV. The latest coins in the hoard are almost certainly representative of the coinage in England when the parcel left England, and it is the latest coins which are most inter-esting to the numismatist. Class V I I I of the Short Cross type has, until recently, been quite rare.3 Of those known, the larger portion was in the Nationalmuseet, Copenhagen, f rom the Ribe hoards. Mr. F. Elmore Jones published his sub-classification of class V I I I from the material available to him in England only. The Gisors hoard now provides the proof that he was correct in all his assumptions: a tribute to his remarkable numis-matic perspicacity. Of the thirty-one pennies of class V I I I found at Gisors, two are in fact mules with class VII. One is the fourth known example of a mule between VII and V I I I B ; the other is the first recorded mule between V I I and VI I IA . Only three true coins of V I I I A are presently known, and this mule provides the proof that they do stand at the head of the series despite their stylistic affinities with the earliest Long Cross issues. There are two pennies of V I I I B 1 in Gisors: these must, on stylistic grounds, immediately follow V I I I A . Both of these sub-types are very rare and would appear to be the first, and finest, work of the new engraver, Richard Abel, appointed in 1242. The other twenty-seven coins of class V I I I in the hoard are all of V1IIB2: apparently a stylistic degeneration from the earlier sub-types. As VI I IB3 is not present here, and it formed the bulk of the class V I I I coins in both Ribe hoards and the hoard from the Aegean,4 it is clear that the last sub-type had not been issued when the Gisors parcel left England.

1 Cunobelin 1967, pp. 30-5. 2 For example, the excavation material preserved

in the Grosvenor Museum, Chester. Mr. S. E. Rigold also confirms that this is his experience.

3 A large number appeared in London in 1970 and 1971 from an Aegean find that ended with class V of the Long Cross issues.

4 The only class VIII coin in the Wrexham hoard was of the subtype VIIIB2. The omission from Wrex-ham of other coins of class VIII is due either to chance, which must play a part in such a small number of coins, or to the hoard not having been recorded in its entirety—a number having been distributed before it was brought to official attention.

T H E B R I T I S H COINS IN T H E G I S O R S (1970) H O A R D 30

On this evidence the British portion of the hoard would be dated in the bracket 1242-5. The coin of Archbishop Conrad gives a date of deposit for the whole hoard of 1244 or later.

The immediate provenance of the other non-French coins may be considered briefly. English hoards of this period customarily had a sprinkling of Irish, Scottish, and German (usually Westphalian) pieces. Indeed all of the hoards listed on Tables III to V contained a few Scottish and German pieces, and all except 'France 1897' contained Irish pennies also, although for clarity they were omitted from those Tables. The Irish and Scottish coins in the Gisors hoard can therefore be assumed with some confidence to be part of the consignment from England. Some, at least, of the German coins were also probably part of the consignment, particularly the three which have a 'short cross' for their reverse design as these also appear in the larger English hoards in small numbers. The source of the five coins of the archbishopric of Cologne is less certain. They could have come from England (there were two in the Colchester hoard), or pos-sibly be a small group acquired independently by the last owner of the hoard. The latter course would seem more likely for the four 'little deniers' or mailles f rom the Low Countries, as their size would militate against their being accepted in England. But it is significant that there are no German or Flemish coins in any other hoard found in France which was buried in the first half of the thirteenth century.

The coins were weighed on an automatic balance in the Cabinet des Medailles, correct to the nearest centigramme. The heaviest English penny weighed 1-63 g. (25-2 gr.) and the lightest 0-92 g. (14-2 gr.). The average weight of all the genuine English pennies was 1-38 g. (21-3 gr.) and the median weight was 1-41 g. (21-8 gr.). As would be expected, the earlier coins were generally lighter than the later issues, as is shown on Table VI. Even so, at least one coin of full weight is present in every column, and the greatest concentration of coins is within the bracket 1-39-1-45 g. (21-|— 22\ gr.), i.e. the standard weight to 1 gr. below. The long 'tails' to the weight tabulations are undoubtedly due in some part to wear. Just how much it is not possible to say, for it is known that clipping did take place in the Short Cross era. What is evident is that there was obviously a wide range of weights at the time of striking. Taking the standard weight as 22\ gr.1 the latest group, those of class VIII, has thirteen specimens weighing standard or more, another thirteen weighing between 20 gr. and standard, and five coins weighing less than 20 gr. In the preceding group, class VII, where wear must be a more prominent factor, 132 coins (26 per cent) weighed standard or more, a further 316 also weighed more than 20 gr. (63 per cent), and 55 (11 per cent) less than 20 gr. If it were to be assumed that the coins of class VII had, on average, lost \ gr. of their original weight, the figures would be 242 (48 percent), 220 (44 per cent), and 41 (8 per cent). That assump-tion is, of course, empiristic but in conjunction with the class VIII figures does show that the mints were operating to wide tolerances. So long as the average weight of the pennies was around 22\ gr., individual coins could vary between 20 and 25 gr., although the greatest number would fall in the narrower band between 22 and 23 gr.

The cut-halfpenny weights are set out in Table VII. The average weight is 0-635 g., virtually coincident with the median of 0-63 g. (9-8 gr.). There is no real weight difference perceivable between the earliest and the latest classes, but the numbers involved are,

1 It has been suggested that at a little later date 242 would give a standard weight per penny of just over pennies were struck from each Tower pound, which 22-3 gr.

THE BRITISH COINS IN THE GISORS (1970) H O A R D 31

TABLE VI

Tabulation of Weights by Classes: English Regular Pennies Grammes I and II III and IV V VI VII VIII Total Grains 1-62-1-64 1 1 25-0-25-3 1-59-1-61 1 1 24-5-24-8 1-56-1-58 2 3 5 24-1-24-4 1-52-1-55 1 13 1 15 23-5-23-9 1-49-1-51 3 33 2 38 23-0-23-3 1-46-1-48 1 1 5 6 82 7 102 22-5-22-8 1-43-1-45 1 6 21 25 110 4 167 22-1-22-4 1-39-1-42 11 4 37 21 121 4 198 21-5-21-9 1-36-1-38 2 6 19 10 45 1 83 21-0-21-3 1-33-1-35 2 3 13 8 20 2 48 20-5-20-8 1-30-1-32 3 4 1 20 2 30 20-1-20-4 1-27-1-29 1 3 6 1 14 2 27 19-6-19-9 1-23-1-26 1 2 1 6 14 24 19-0-19-4 1-20-1-22 2 2 2 4 12 18.5-18-8 1-17-1-19 1 2 2 3 5 14 18-1-18-4 1-14-1-16 2 2 2 2 8 16 17-6-17-9 1-10-1-13 3 1 4 5 13 17-0-17-4 1-07-1-09 1 1 1 3 16-5-16-8 1-04-1-06 1 3 1 5 16-0-16-4 1-01-1-03 2 1 2 5 15-6-15-9 0-97-1-00 1 1 1 3 15-0-15-4 0-94-0-96 1 1 2 14-5-14-8 0-91-0-93 1 1 14-0-14-4

31 42 114 92 503 31 813

Average g. 1 -28 gr. 19-8

Median g. 1-35 gr. 20-8

Heaviest g. 1-46 gr. 22-5

Lightest g. 0-96 gr. 14-8

1-29 1-38 1-35 19-9 21-3 20-8 1-325 1-39 1-40

20-4 21-5 21-6 1-53 1-50 1-47

23-6 23-1 22-7 1-01 1-01 0-92

15-6 15-6 14-2

1-40 1-41 1-38 21-6 21-8 21-3

1-42 1-44 1-41 21-9 22-2 21-8

1-63 1-58 1-63 25-2 24-4 25-2

0-96 1 19 0-92 14-8 18-4 14-2

however, very small. The heaviest halfpennies at 0-78 g. (12-0 gr.) are only a little less than the lightest penny of 0-92 g. (14-2 gr.).

The average weight of the Scottish sterlings is 1-36 g. (21-0 gr.), which seems a trifle light if they were struck to the same standard as the English coins but, in view of the small number of pieces, not significantly so. The Irish pennies average 1-38 g. (21-3 gr.): the same as their contemporary English pieces of class V.

It will be noticed that no attempt has been made to separate the coins of class VII into subgroups. Although it is possible to identify the earliest and the latest issues within the class, no certain means of arranging the mass of the coins has yet been determined. The better course seemed, accordingly, to treat class VII as a whole rather than, some-what artificially, separate a few pieces only. Every moneyer in class VII is represented in the hoard with the exception of Pieres at Durham, Rauf at Bury St. Edmunds, and Norman and Robert Vi at Canterbury: all four being very rare. There are, naturally,

32 T H E B R I T I S H C O I N S I N T H E G I S O R S (1970) H O A R D 32

T A B L E V I I

Tabulation of Weights by Classes: English Regular Half-pence

Grammes I IV y VI VII Total Grains 0-78-0-80 1 1 2 12-0-12-3 0-75-0-77 1 1 11-6-11-9 0-71-0-74 2 1 3 11-0-11-4 0-68-0-70 1 2 2 5 10-5-10-8 0-65-0-67 2 2 1 1 6 10-0-10-3 0-62-0-64 1 1 2 2 6 9-6- 9-9 0-58-0-61 1 1 2 3 7 9-0- 9-4 0-55-0-57 1 1 2 1 1 6 8-5- 8-8 0-52-0-54 1 1 2 8-0- 8-3 0-49-0-51 7-6- 7-9 0-46-0-48 1 1 7-1- 7-4

7 5 10 7 10 39

Average g. 0-64 0 61 0-63 0-63 0-65 0-64 gr. 9-9 9-4 9-7 9-7 10-0 9-9

Median g. 0-63 gr. 9-7

Heaviest g. 0-78 0-66 0-74 0-73 0-78 0-78 gr. 12-0 10-2 11-4 11-3 12-0 12-0

Lightest g. 0-54 0-54 0-46 0-57 0-56 0-46 gr. 8-3 8-3 7-1 8-8 8-6 7-1

many gaps in the representation of the earlier classes, because of the smaller numbers of coins present. A few are of individual interest, the most important being, perhaps, the Canterbury coin in the name of Arnold. This appears to be unrecorded, although it is probably only a further variant spelling of the name which appears as Hernaud, Ernaud, and Arnaud.

A P P E N D I X

L O N D O N ABEL

No. of Mint Class Coins Reading Remarks Weight{s)

Vc 3 LVND 1-43 (2), 1-27 1 LVND 1-35 „ 9 LVNDE 1-50, 1-44, 1-43, 1-41 (2),

1-39, 1-34 Vlai 1 LVNP 1-43

M I LVND 1-41 2 LVNDE 1-37, 1-17

VIbi 6 LVNDE 1-38 (2), 1-24, 1-19, 1-14, VIbii 2 LVNDE 1-41, 1-38 ,, 3 LVNDE 1-44, 1-14, 0-92 VId 1 LVNDE 1-45

1 LVNDE No stops on rev. 1-44 VII 1 LVND 1-20

31 2 LVNDE 1-42, 1-38

T H E BRITISH COINS IN THE GISORS (1970) H O A R D 33

No. of Mint tint/Moneyer Class Coins Reading Remarks Weighty)

ADAM Vbii 1 L V N D 1-50 „ 1 LVNDE 1-43 Vc 1 L V N D 1-37

»> 1 LVNDE 1-43 VII 3 L V N D 1-44, 1-42, 1-38

2 LVNDE 1-47, 1-36 19 LVNDE 1-51, 1-49(2), 1-48 (3), 1-47 (2),

1-45 (3), 1-44(2), 1-42, 1-41 (3 1-26, 1-23

J> 1 7 Double struck 1-37 BENEIT Vbi 1 LVND 1-35

Vc 1 LVND Curious face 1-35 DAVI lb 1 L V N D 1-38

Ic 1 LVND 1-13 ELIS VII LVNDE 1-46, 1-42, 1-40

»» 1 LVNDE Last 'E' ornamented with pellets 1-42

I> 1 L V N ' D E 1-37 „ LVNDEN 1-45, 1-43 F U L K E IVc 1 LV FVLRE 1-47

Va 1 L V N D 1-35 OIFFREI VII 1 LV 1-40

LVN 1-50, 1-46, 1-45, 1-44, 1-34, 1-29 1-13

LVND 1-42, 1-29 >> 3 LVND 1-46, 1-45, 1-42 „ 1 LVNDE GIFFRI 1-45

H E N R I ( C ) IVb 1 LVN Initial-mark pommee H E N R I C 1-01

1 LVN HENRIC 1-39 » 1 LVNI 1-34

Va 1 LVND 1-41 IEFREI lb 1 L V N D 1-35 ILGER Vbiii 1 LVNDE 1-35

Vc 5 LVND 1-45, 1-44, 1-38, 1-36, 1-34

"

LVNDE 1-44, 1-42, 1-16 1 ? Double struck 1-36

Vlai 1 L V N D 1-19 1 LVNDE 1-23

Vc-VIbi 1 LVN 1-34 VIbi 4 LVNDE 1-42, 1-39, 1-37, 1-09 VIbii 1 L V N D 1-44

7 LVNDE 1-46, 1-44 (2), 1-43, 1-35, 1-10, LVNDE 0-97

3 LVNDE 1-47, 1-45, 1-40 1 LVNDEN Crossbar of N joins

to initial cross 1-31 Vic 4 LVNDE 1-43, 1-42, 1-33, 1-26 VII 6 L V N D 1-49, 1-44 (2), 1-43, 1-42(2)

3 L V N ' D 1-45, 1-41, 1-19 1 LVND- 1-32 9 LVNDE 1-47(2), 1-46, 1-45, 1-44, 1-42,

1-41 (2), 1-37 1 LVNDEN- 1-45

Irregular 1 L V N — HENRICVSRE/X 1-43 0 9039

34 T H E B R I T I S H C O I N S I N T H E G I S O R S (1970) H O A R D 34

No. of Mint Mint/Moneyer Class Coins Reading Remarks Weighty)

L E D U L F VII 1 L V 1-29 14 L V N 1-57, 1-50, 1-46, 1-45, 1-44 (2),

1-43 (2), 1 - 4 2 ( 2 ) , 1-39, 1-38, 1-37, 1-27

JJ 2 LVN- 1-48, 1-39 5 L V N D 1-44, 1-43, 1-41, 1-36, 1-34

10 L V N D 1-48 (4), 1-45 (2), 1-45, 1-42, 1-39, 1-35

2 L V N D L E D V F 1-45, 1-23 99 1 L V — 1-42

NICHOLE VII 4 LV 1-50, 1-47, 1-46, 1-39 1 LV" 1-18

46 L V N 1-52 (3), 1-51, 1-50 (2), 1-49 (4), 1-48, 1-47 (3), 1-46 (4), 1-45, 1-44 (3), 1-43 (2), 1-42 (3), 1-41, 1-40 (2), 1-39 (3), 1-37, 1-36, 1-35 (2), 1-33, 1-32 (2), 1-31 (2), 1-29, 1-28, 1-25, 1-12

2 L V N D 1-39, 1-36 4 L - - 1-46, 1-37, 1-31, 1-25

V H / V I I I A 1 L V N 1-38 VIIlBl 2 L V N 1-41, 1-35 VII IB2 8 L V N 1-57, 1-45 (2), 1-44, 1-41, 1-34,

1-32, 1-30

OSBER lb 2 L V N D 1-42, 1-37

PIERES. M lb 3 L V N 1 - 4 0 ( 2 ) , 1-28

RAVF Vc 2 T.VNDE 1-45, 1-43 Vlai 1 L V N D 1-45

1 L V N D 1-42 2 L V N D E 1-45, 1-36

VIbi 1 D 1-38 1 - - N D E 1-35

v'l'bii 2 L V N O E 1-41, 1-11 3 L V N D E 1-43 (2), 1-39

Vic 2 L V N D E 1-46, 1-26 1 L V N D E Downstroke of D

doubled 1-20 V or VI 1 L V N D E Double struck 1-44 VII 8 L V N D E 1-49, 1-45, 1-42 (2), 1-40, 1-39,

1-37, 1-34 Irregular 1 L V N O H E N - - CVSK/EX 1-39

R A V L Ic 1 L V N D 1-05 5 L V N D E 1-41, 1-39 (2), 1-20, 1-15

II 1 L V N D E 1-23

RAVLF VIbi 1 L V N D 1-35 VII 1 L V N 1-39

2 LVN- 1-47, 1-44 „ 6 L V N D 1-45, 1-43 (2), 1-41, 1-40, 1-28

RENER Vbii 2 L V N D 1-45, 1-42 Vc 1 L V N D 1-43

R I C A R D Illb 1 — D N ( ? ) 1-06 IVa 1 L V N — 1-36 IVb 1 L V N D 1-31 VII 1 LV- 1-46

8 L V N 1-47, 1-46 (2), 1-45, 1-41, 1-37, 1-36, 1-25

T H E B R I T I S H COINS IN THE GISORS (1970) H O A R D 35 No. of Mint

MintjMoneyer Class Coins Reading Remarks Weight(J) R I C A R D VII 3 LVN* 1-44, 1-39

99 1 L V D 1-41 ,, 2 L V N D 1-45(2) 9 1 1 LVNDE 1-43

STIVENE IVa 1 L V N — 1-23 1 L V N D STIVEN 1-44

IVb 1 LVN 1-33 TERRI VII 1 LVN- 1-43

>9 L V N D 1-47, 1-44, W A L T E R Vc LV 1-44, 1-43,

99 1 LV WALVTER 1-40 99 1 L V N 1-38

1 L V N W A L G E R 1-01 Vlai LV 1-46, 1-45,

5 J L V N 1-44, 1-40 „ 1 L V N D 1-44 VIbi LV 1-44, 1-37

1 L V N 1-46 L V N 1-36, 1-21

Irregular 1 L V N 116 WILLELM IVb 1 - - N 1-37

1 L V N Obv. s is reversed 1-05 >» 1 L V N D 1-27

Vbi/Va 1 LVN WILLEM 1-39 Vbi 1 L V N 1-39 Vlaii ? 1 L V N WILLEM

Curious work 1-33 WILLELM.B Vbii 1 L V N 1-47

Vc 1 L V N Last stop on rev. omitted 1-29

99 1 L V N 1-39 WILLELM. L Vbi 1 L V 1-37

Vbii LV 1-44, 1-30 W I L L E L M . T Vbii 1 LV 1-39

Vc 1 LV 1-37 Uncertain VII 1 LVN -1 N L V N 1-27

C A N T E R B U R Y

A R N A U D Vbii 2 CA 1-41, 1-35 A R N O L D Va 1 CA This spelling of

moneyer's name not recorded for this class 1-41

G O L D W I N E IVa 1 I Obv. C V S R I / E — 1-17 99 1 CA 1-30

IVb C 1-45, 1-43 1 c- 1-37

Vbii 1 C Rev. Last stop omitted 1-39

99 1 C Rev. stop between D and w 1-41

Vbiii 1 CA Rev. Last stop omitted 1-41

Vc 1 CA Rev. Last stop omitted 1-39

T H E B R I T I S H C O I N S I N T H E G I S O R S (1970) H O A R D

No. of Mint fintj Moneyer Class Coins Reading Remarks Weight(s) HENRI VIbii 1 CANT S . R 1-27

1 CANTE 1-36 VII 1 CAN 1-40

18 CANT 1-63, 1-47 (2), 1-46, 1-45, 1-44(2 1-43, 1-42, 1-41, 1-40 (2), 1-39, 1-36, 1-34, 1-16(2), 1-13 ,, 4 CANTE 1-43, 1-39, 1-33, 1-21

Irregular 1 CANT Rev. No stops 1-43, 1-39, 1-33, 1-21

Obv. h i N R/EX from Lippe ? 1-41

HERNAVD IVc 1 I Rev. Last stop omitted 1-13

HUE IV, c? 1 CANTI— 1-04 Vbi 1 CANTE 1-40

1 CANTE- 1-30 Vb, ii? 1 CANTE 1-38

HIVN VIbii 1 CANTE 1-39 1 CANTE— 1-41

VId 1 CANT— Obv. Face of Vila 1-45 IOAN VII 4 CANT 1-48, 1-46, 1-43, 1-41

J> 1 CANT- 1-42 9 CANTE 1-50,1-46, 1-43(2), 1-42, 1-41, K

1-30, 1-25 » 3 CANTER 1-45, 1-43, 1-40 J» 2 C A N — 1-45, 1-32

IOAN CHIC VII 4 C 1-59, 1-48, 1-43, 1-33 (some coins 17 CA 1-52, 1-49, 1-48, 1-46, 1-45 (2), read CHIE) 1-44(2), 1-43, 1-41, 1-37, 1-35.

1-29, 1-27, 1-21, 1-14, 1-03 J> 3 CAN 1-45, 1-40, 1-39

IOAN. F. R. VII 12 CAN 1-51, 1-48, 1-46 (3), 1-44, 1-43, 1-42, 1-39, 1-35, 1-33, 1-28

J> 3 CANT 1-45, 1-44, 1-41 LOHAN Vbi*/Va 1 CAN 1-32

Vbi I CAN- 1-37 Vbii 2 CAN 1-35, 1-29 Vbiii 1 CAN 1-37 VIbii 1 CANT 1 39

JJ 3 CANTE 1-45, 1-39, 1-35 VIorn/VIc 1 CANTE Obv. c, E'S, H, and

R'S all ornamented 1-44 if J> 1 CANTE Obv. R'S only

ornamented 1-40 VII/VIIlB 1 CANTE 1-49 VIIIB2 2 CANT 1-48, 1-21

r> 2 CANTE 1-48, 1-46 IOHAN. B. Vbii 1 CA 1-39

Vbiii 1 CA 1-34 IOHAN. M Vbiii 1 CA 1-38 IVN VII 5 CANTER 1-52, 1-50, 1-43, 1-40, 1-38

J> 1 CANTERB 1-25 „ 1 CANTERD 1-42 MEINIR IHb 1 CA MEINI—R 1-17

IVa 2 CANT 1-38, 1-26 IVb 1 CAN 1-15

T H E B R I T I S H C O I N S I N T H E G I S O R S (1970) H O A R D 37

TVo. 0/ Mint •lintjMoneyer Class Coins Reading Remarks Weight(s)

NICHOLE VII 25 CA 1-56, 1-52, 1-51, 1-47 (4), 1-46 (2), 1-43 (4), 1-42 (2), 1-41 (2), 1-40, 1-38 (2), 1-37, 1-32, 1-28, M l , 1-03

s> 2 CA- 1-48, 1-35 J J 21 CAN 1-53, 1-50(2), 1-49, 1-48, 1-47,

1-46 (3), 1-44 (2), 1-43 (2), 1-42 (3), 1-39, 1-31, 1-29, 1-28, 1-24

J> 4 CAN With chevron-barred A 1-46, 1-45, 1-44, 1-43

3 C—- 1-50, 1-42, 1-39 VIIIB2 1 CA 1-58

JJ 5 CAN 1-47 (2), 1-40, 1-20, 1-19 „ 2 CANT 1-50, 1-29 OSMUND VII 13 CAN 1-48, 1-47, 1-45, 1-44, 1-43, 1-42(2).

1-41 (2), 1-40, 1-34, 1-30, 1-14 » 2 CAN- Same dies 1-46(2) JJ 3 CANT 1-43, 1-42, 1-40

REINAUD Il lb or IVa 1 c : 1-16 IVb 1 CA 1-37

ROBERD Ilia 1 CA 1-29 IVa 1 ? Double struck 1-07

>; 2 CAN 1-53, 1-41 IVb 2 CA 1-44, 1-20

» 1 CAN 1-36 J> 1 CAN1 1-32

Va* 1 CA 1-36 Vbii 1 CA 1-49 Vbiii 2 CA 1-46, 1-18

ROBERT VIbii 1 CANT 1-43 VII 2 CA 1-47, 1-44 JJ 1 CA- 1-39 »> 1 CAN 1-49

ROGER VIbii 1 CANTE 1-33 VII 5 CAN 1-45, 1-41, 1-38, 1-35, 1-06

» J 12 CANT 1-48, 1-47, 1-46, 1-45, 1-43, 1-42, 1-40, 1-38, 1-37, 1-30, 1-26, 1-15

1 CANTE 1-38 » 2 CA— 1-49, 1-45

ROGER. OF. R. VII 1 No mint-signature 1-45 » 4 C 1-44, 1-35, 1-33, 1-24

4 CA 1-45, 1-43, 1-39, 1-37 1 CAN 1-38 1 ? Double struck 1-36

SALEMUN VII 2 CA 1-40, 1-38 SAMUEL IVc 1 CA Letter s on rev.

also reversed 1-44 Vbii* 1 CAN ' X ' 1-23 Vbii 1 CAN 1-40 VIbii 1 CAN 1-40 VId 1 CAN 1-47 VH/VId 1 CAN 1-42 VII 1 C 1-44

2 CAN 1-43, 1-41 1 CAT 1-50

>> 1 CANT 1-47

38 T H E B R I T I S H C O I N S I N T H E G I S O R S (1970) H O A R D 38

No. of Mint MintjMoneyer Class Coins Reading Remarks Weights)

SIMON Vbiii 1 CANT 1-34 Vc 1 CANT 1-39 VII 1 CAN 1-45 ,, 1 CANTE 1-31

SIMVN VIbii 1 CANTE 1-42 VIc 1 CANTE 1-44 VII 1 CANT 1-42

4 CANTE 1-47, 1-43, 1-40, 1-30 „ 1 CANTE- 1-45 TOMAS VII 2 CAN 1-40, 1-21

j j 14 CANT 1-53, 1-47, 1-45, 1-44(2), 1-43, 1-42, 1-40, 1-39, 1-38, 1-37 (2), 1-32, 1-16

JJ 1 CAN-T- 1-19 >> 1 CANT— 1-47

1 CANTE 1-10 ULARD IVa 1 CAN— 1-35 WALTER VIbii 1 CAN 1-40

VI orn. 1 CAN 1-25 1 CANT 1-44

VII 2 CAN 'WATER' 1-42, 1-17 >» 1 CANT 'WATER' 1-48

WILLEM VII 6 CAN 1-50, 1-45, 1-39, 1-38 (2), 1-31 J> 2 CAN- 1-35, 1-15

5 CANT 1-45, 1-44, 1-42, 1-41, 1-15 J» 1 CANT- 0-97

1 1-37 VIIIB2 I CAN 1-53 „ 2 CANTE 1-48, 1-42

WILLEM. TA VII 8 CA 1-52, 1-47, 1-42 (2), 1-38, 1-37, 1-36, 1-31

J» 1 ? 1-41 Uncertain VII 1 CAN 1-42

» 2 CANT 1-42, I 39

L O N D O N or C A N T E R B U R Y NICHOLE VII 15 1-53 (2), 1-52 (2), 1-50, 1-49 (2),

1-48, 1-46, 1-45, 1-40, 1-34, 1-30, 1-26, 0-96

VIIIB2 3 1-57, 1-46, 1-43

BURY ST. E D M U N D S IOAN VII 7 SANTE 1-49 (2), 1-46, 1-45, 1-42, 1-41, 1-30 IOHAN VIIIB2 1 SANT-FD SIR 1-27 NORMAN VII 4 SAN 1-42, 1-41, 1-40, 1-26

J> 1 T 1-37 RAVF VId. 1 SANTE 1-40 SIMUND VII 2 SAT 1-46, 1-42 ,, 11 SANT 1-46, 1-45, 1-44, 1-41 (2), 1-39,

1-38, 1-37, 1-36, 1-23, 1-17 WILLELM VII 2 SANT 1-39, 1-32

C A R L I S L E ALAIN Ic 1 CARD 1-46

MintlMoneyer Class CHICHESTER

RAVF V o r n .

WILLELM

T H E B R I T I S H COINS IN T H E GISORS (1970) H O A R D 49

Weights)

Vbii

No. of Mint Coins Reading Remarks

ci

Obv. Ornamental letters 1-19

1-37

D U R H A M

ALEIN IVa DVRO- 1-20

EXETER

OSBER lb EXECE Moneyer spelt 'OSBEI' 0-96

L I N C O L N

ANDREU

EDMUND

HUE

HUGO

LEFWINE

TOMAS

Vbiii lb Vbii lb Ic Vbi

NICO

NICO

NICOLE

NICOLE

NICO

NICOL

1-45 1-07 1-38 MO 1-44 1-41

L Y N N

IOHAN Vbi LENN 1-46

N O R T H A M P T O N ADAM

RAUL

REINALD

ROBERD. T

SIMUND

WILLELM

Vbi Vbii lb lb Vbii lb lb

NORH NORH

NORH

NOR

NORH

NOR

1-42 1-44, 1-40 M3 1-33 1-39 1-41 1-39

N O R W I C H

GIFREI Vbi Vbiii Vbi Vbiii Vc

NOR NOR NOR NOR NOR

'GIEFEREL' 1-39 1-38 1-28 1-40 1-42

OXFORD

AILWINE

HENRI

IEFREI

Vbi Vbii lb

Vbi or ii

oc OCSE

OXENE

OCSE

Obv. No curls on left side?

1-44, 1-38 1-40

1-39 1-34

ROCHESTER ALISANDR Vbii

Vbii

RO Rev. Last stop missing 1-38

1-44

40

Mint\Moneyer W I L T O N

T H E B R I T I S H C O I N S I N T H E G I S O R S (1970) H O A R D 40

Irregular

Class No. of Mint Coins Reading Remarks Weights)

OSBER lb 1 WILT 1-18 RODBERT lb 1 WILT 'ROBBERT' 1-41

W I N C H E S T E R

ADAM Va* 1 W I N 1-33 ANDREU Vbii 1 WIN 1-41 BARTELME Vbii 1 W 1-41

Vc 1 W 1-41 GOCELM lb 2 WINC 1-20, LUKAS Vbi or ii 1 WIN- 1-29

Vbii 1 WINC 1-40 1 W I N C — 1-47

Irregular 1 WIN .Rev. LVRAE (E square) Obv. HENRIEVSH/EX

(E'S round) 1-05 MILES Vbi 2 WINC 1-42, RICARD Vbi* 1 WIN 1-43

Vbi 1 WIN 1-27 Vbii 1 W I N C 1-16

W O R C E S T E R

OSBER I, b or c 1 W1RIC 1-40

Y O R K

ALAIN lb 1 EVER - - 1-00 DAVI IVc 1 EVERW 1-40 HUE Ilia 1 EVERWI 1-01

IVa 1 EVER 1-28 ,, 1 E V E R W — 1-43 NICOLE IVa 1 EVE 1-39 RENAUD Vbii* 1 EV 1-47 TOMAS Vbii 1 EVR 1-41

R H U D D L A N

SIMO(N)D iie 1 Die combination 2530 1-28

iv 1 Die combination 4010 1-36

Die combination 4020 1-54

+ e H O M H O H A O I 0-94,0-69 Die duplicates

'VIIO-VVIDe+LIIIN 1-13

Mint/Moneyer

L O N D O N

ADAM

GEFREI

ILGER OR WALTER

Class

Vc VII I VI, late

Reverse Reading

Cut Halfpence

AM-ON-LV • AMONLVN

+ G E VND

Remarks

-R-ON-LVN

Weight(J)

0-68 0-62 0-78 0-57

T H E BRITISH COINS IN THE GISORS (1970) H O A R D 41

Mint/Moneyer Class Reverse Reading Remarks Weight(s) ILGER or WALTER VI orii. R-ON-LVN R ornamented 0 - 6 3

Obv.—RICVS—. R a n d c ornamented

ILGER, RENER, Or WALTER Vc ER-ONL Second stop omitted 0-66

OSBER I + O S B VND 0 ' 5 7

RAVL IC + R A V VND 0 ' 5 4

RICARD V I I + R I C LVN 0 6 3

STIVENE I V , b ? - - TIVENE 0 6 6

WALTER Vlai LTER'OI Obv.—VS/REX 060 WILLELM. T. V b . - - LM-T-0 0 6 0

Uncertain VII ONLVN—• 0-56 VI, early? ON-LVND 0-73 V I , b i i ? N-LVNQE Obv. —IEVSR— 0 - 6 3 l b or c ON-LVND 0 - 6 5

C A N T E R B U R Y

ARNAUD V b i + A R I CAN 0 7 1

IOAN V I I + I O A CAN 0 - 6 1

IVN V I I + I V N ITE 0 - 7 0

MEINIR I V a +MEINIR 0 - 6 6

I V b +MEINIR-0 0 - 5 6

ROGER OF R. V I I + R O G RON 0 7 7

SIMON VC + S I M ANT 0 5 6

TOMAS V I I +TOMASO 0 ' 6 8

WILLEM or WILLEMTA VII + W I L L E M (too late for Bury) 0-78 Uncertain IVb CANTR 0-62

Vbiii H CAN 0-64 V I I ONCANT 0 - 5 9 V or VI early ON-CAI 0-60 V I b or c N-CANTE 0 -67

B U R Y ST. E D M U N D S Or C A N T E R B U R Y

IOAN V I I +IOANON 0 - 6 0

L O N D O N , L I N C O L N , Or N O R T H A M P T O N

WILLELM l b . LELM-ON-I 0 6 5

L I N C O L N , O X F O R D , W I L T O N , Or W I N C H E S T E R

RODBERT l b +RODBEI 0 ' 6 9

N O R T H A M P T O N Or N O R W I C H

Uncertain V ON-NOR 0-74

Y O R K

HUGO I C Or I I + H U G -ERV 0 6 0

TOMAS Vbii + T O M EVR 0'56 Uncertain III or IV -ON-EVE— 0-54

V b i I-EVER- 0 - 4 6

U N C E R T A I N

Uncertain Vb RON 0'68

I R R E G U L A R

IOHAN Irregular +IOHAN-O- 0-78

42 T H E B R I T I S H COINS IN T H E G I S O R S (1970) H O A R D 42

S C O T L A N D No. of

Mint/Moneyer coins W I L L I A M T H E L I O N R O X B U R G H

PERIS ADAM

RAVL

No Mint-name HUE WALTER

Remarks

WALTER ADAM

WILLELMVS R E X + Right-facing bust. Rev. Burns 67 Burns 67A

x + W I L E L M V S R left facing + R A V L : O N ROCE-! -

Class I Burns 48 Class II E + L E R E I W I L A - left facing

ALTER- : • 4 x 6 points Class III + L E R E I W I — A O left facing

4-HVEWALTER 4 X 5 points Class IV Obv. Burns 58A, 58B, 60

+ H U E -;-o Double struck Class V + L E R E I W I L T left facing

+ H V : E W A L T - E O 4 X 5 points Class VI Obv. Burns 64, Rev. Burns 65

Burns 66A

Weight ( j )

1-38 1-46, 1-29 1-10

1-42

1-27

1-48

1-34

1-42 1-43

1-42, 1-35

A L E X A N D E R II R O X B U R G H

PERES 1

W I L L I A M T H E L I O N No Mint-name

HUE WALTER 1 C l a S S I I I

1 Class III ?

Burns 70A 1-35

Cut Halfpennies

+ L E W ( ? ) A I left facing +HV EH.. 2 x 5 points 0-73 ? + h v E 2X5 points 0-65

I R E L A N D J O H N AS K I N G D U B L I N

ROBERD 4 D o t 4 / 5 1 - 4 3 , 1 - 4 1 , 1 - 3 8 , 1 - 3 7 1 Dots 2/3, 4/5 1-38 1 Dot 3 1-39 1 Dot 4 1-38 1 Stop after'DIVE'; Dot 2 1-36 1 Stop after'DIVE'; Dot ? 1-33 1 No Dot 1-46

WILLELM 1 N o D o t 1 - 3 9

L I M E R I C K

WILLEM 1 Reversed s on obv. Dots 1/2, 3/4 1-48

THE BRITISH COINS IN THE GISORS (1970) H O A R D 43

Issuer

FREDERICK II

COUNT OF WALDECK 1

ARCHBISHOPS OF COLOGNE Heinrich Molenark 1 Conrad von Hochstaden

(as Minister) 2 1

(as Archbishop)

No. of coins Remarks

G E R M A N Y

Chautard1 pi. xxi. 4/5 „ xxi. 6/7

,, „ xxvi. 10

Havernick2 647

659 659 var. Same diameter and

roughly same thickness as the two heavier coins of the same type

797, Mint of Attendorn, Duchy of Westphalia

Weights)

MO 1-35 1-24

1-30

1-45, 1-38

0-76

1-39

GHENT

LILLE

HUY Jean d'Aps

LOW C O U N T R I E S Gaillard3 74

92

Frere4 63

0-41 0-44

0-83, 0-81

1 J. Chautard, Imitations des Monnaies an Type Esterlin, 1872.

2 W. Havernick, Die Miinzen von Koln vom Beginn der Prcigung bis 1304, 1935.

3 V. Gaillard, Recherches sur les Monnaies des Comtes de Flandre, 1852.

4 H. Frere, 'Monnaies de 1'eveque de Liege frap-pees a Huy et a Statte', RBN, 1962.