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Slide 2 THE BRITISH ISLES Slide 3 Travail ralis par les lves de 4G et 4H " option Langue & Civilisation " anne 2008-2009 Merci particulirement Juliette, Ccile, Fiona, Mlissa, Hlna, Marianne Slide 4 THE BRITISH ISLES One country ? Slide 5 Slide 6 Slide 7 What are the British Isles ? In the British Isles there are five countries : In the British Isles there are five countries : - England - England - Wales - Wales - Scotland - Scotland - Northern Ireland - Northern Ireland - The independent Republic of Ireland. - The independent Republic of Ireland. Slide 8 What is Great Britain ? Great Britain or Britain is an island. It consists in Great Britain or Britain is an island. It consists in - Scotland - Wales - England. Slide 9 What is the United Kingdom ? The United Kingdom consist in 4 countries: The United Kingdom consist in 4 countries: -England -Scotland -Wales -Northern Ireland. The capital of UK is London but it is the capital of England too. The capital of UK is London but it is the capital of England too. Slide 10 The UK is situated in the north-west of Europe. It is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. It has a total land area of 244,100 square kilometres. From north to south it is about 1,000 kilometres long. The UK comes within 35 km of the northwest of France, and it is separated by the English Channel. Slide 11 Slide 12 Ben Nevis 1343 M Slide 13 The Royal Coat of Arms of the UK is the official coat of the British monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II. In the middle there is a shield divided into 4 parts. You can see the harp of Ireland on the left, and there are 3 lions above. On the left of the shield there is a lion with a crown. And on the right there is a unicorn, symbolizing Scotland. The motto of the English monarchs is Dieu et mon droit The motto of the Order of the Garter is Honi soit qui mal y pense . Help : Shield : bouclier Order of the garter: ordre des chevaliers britanniques. Motto: devise Unicorn: licorne Slide 14 HISTORY Slide 15 The national anthem is God save the Queen. The first verse: God save our gracious Queen! Long live our noble Queen! God save the Queen! Send her victorious, Happy and glorious, Long to the reign over us, God save the Queen. The British National Anthem represents the whole of the UK. However, Wales and Scotland have other songs that they sing. Wales, - Hen Wlad Fy Nhadou Scotland, - Flower of Scotland and Scotland the Brave Slide 16 UK flag: This is the flag of Wales: The Union Jack is composed of 3 flags in one: The name of the red Dragon is: Y Ddraig Goch in celtic tradi- tions. Slide 17 RomansSaxonsVikingsNormansTudorsVictoriansWW ll 434507931066148518371939 TIMELINE Slide 18 Slide 19 The Roman Empire The Romans were the first to invade Britain in 55 B.C. They came to Britain nearly 2000 years ago. By the time the Roman armies left around 410 AD, they had established medical practice, a language of administration and law and had created great public buildings and roads. Hadrians wall was built in 2000 BC by the Romans. It is in Scotland. In 43 AD Julius Caesar, the famous emperor tried to invade England in 55 BC but he didnt manage to do it. Slide 20 The Saxons The Roman army left Britain in about 410 AD. When they had gone there was no strong army to defend Britain, and tribes called the Angle, Saxon, and Jute (the Anglo-Saxons) invaded the country. They came from Northern of Europe. The Vikings The Vikings age in Britain began about 1,200 years ago, in the 8th century AD and lasted for 300 years. The Vikings had a lot of different religions. The Normans The Middle Ages in Britain cover a huge period. In 1066 William the Conqueror won the battle of Hastings. Then he stayed for 23 years and imposed French as the official langage. The Normans built beautiful castles. He lived in the White Tower in London Slide 21 The Tudors The Tudors were a Welsh-English family that ruled England from 1485 to 1603. They ruled for 118 years. The first Tudor king was Henry Vll. He was followed by his son, Henry Vlll. His son, Edward VII ruled after him, followed by his daughters Mary I and Elizabeth I. The Victorians Victorian times means during Victoria's reign. Britain managed to build a huge empire during the Victorian period. In 1837 most people lived in villages and worked on the land; by 1901, most lived in towns and worked in offices, shops and factories. During the 1800s the Industrial Revolution spread throughout Britain. Famous people : Henry Vll Lord Shaftesbury Lewis Carrol Charles Darwin Alexander Graham Charles Dickens Bell Slide 22 FAMOUS BRITISH KINGS AND QUEENS Slide 23 William the Conqueror was born in 1027 and he died in 1087. He was known as "William the Bastard" (French: Guillaume le Btard) because of the illegitimacy of his birth. He became Duke of Normandy in 1035 and invaded England in 1066, leading an army of Normans to victory over the Anglo-Saxon forces of Harold (who died in the conflict) at the Battle of Hastings. He was crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey in 1066. William is also referred to as "William I It was the Norman Conquest. WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR Slide 24 King Henry VIII Henry was born on June 28 1491. He was 17 years old when he became king in 1509, after his father died. When he became king, most people belonged to the Catholic Church, which was headed by the Pope, in Rome. In 1534, Henry broke away from the Catholic Church because he wanted to get divorced and proclaimed himself head of the Church of England. Slide 25 Queen Elizabeth She was the Queen of England and Ireland. She was born on 7 th of September 1553 and died on 24 march 1603. She reigned from 1558 until her death. She was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty. Her mother was Anne Boleyn and her father was Henry Vlll. King Edward VI Edward was born on 12 October 1537. He became king of England and Ireland on 28 January 1547 at the age of nine, when his father died. His nickname was The Boy King . Edwards reign was marked by economics problems. Edward died at the age of 16 in 1553. Slide 26 Queen Victoria Victoria was born on 24 May 1819 and she became Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 20 June 1837. Queen Victoria was 18 when she came to the throne. Her reign as Queen lasted 63 years and seven month. Victorias reign was marked by a great expansion of the British Empire by the Industrial revolution, period economic and technological change. She arranged marriages for her nine children and forty-two grandchildren. Her nickname was the grandmother of Europe . She died the 22 January 1901. Slide 27 FAMOUS BRITISH PEOPLE Slide 28 400 years ago !!! William Shakespeare. He was the greatest British poet and playwright. He was born on 23 April 1564 in Stratford upon Avon and he died on 23 April 1616, at the age of 52. He wrote Romeo and Juliet and 37 other famous histories, tragedies and comedies. Slide 29 Winston Churchill was the British Prime Minister during World War II. He was a writer too. The Beatles was and still is one of the most famous British groups. They were famous in the 60s and had millions of fans in the world. Some of their hits were : Yesterday Yellow submarine - In the 40s In the 60s Slide 30 Lady Diana was Prince Charles first wife. They got married in 1981 and had two sons : William and Harry. But they divorced a few years later and she died in a car crash in Paris in 1997. She was very popular Tony Blair was the British Prime minister for 10 years, from 2 May 1997 to 27 June 2007. In the 80s - 90s Slide 31 POPULATION Slide 32 Population in Great Britain. There are 60.2 million inhabitants in Great Britain. Great Britain is the twentieth most populated country in the world 50.4 million inhabitants in England. 3 million inhabitants in Wales. 5.1 million inhabitants in Scotland. Slide 33 Total Population in April 2001 Minority ethnic population Thousandsper cent White 54,15492.1 Mixed 6771.214.6 Asian or Asian British Indian 1,0531.822.7 Pakistani 7471.316.1 Bangladeshi 2830.56.1 Other Asian 2480.45.3 Black or Black British Black Caribbean 5661.012.2 Black african 4850.810.5 Black other 980.22.1 Chinese 2470.45.3 Other 2310.45.0 All minority ethnic population 4,6357.9100 All population 58,789100 Slide 34 London, Capital of England and the UK, is the most populated city in the European Union, with over 7 million residents. More than 250 languages are spoken and there are lots of different cultures. Britain and London became a mixed race society because a lot of immigrants left the former British colonies to find a job in Britain. All ages58.8 million Under 1611.9 million Men 16-64 Women 16-59 36.1 million Men 65+ Women 60+ 10.8 million Males28.6 Females30.2 million Population by ages in United Kingdom: LONDON Slide 35 Population density Less than 50 More than 200 inhabitants/km From 100 to 200 From 50 to 100 City more than 5 million inhabitants : LONDON From 1 to 5 million From 200 000 to 1 million New cities Migration England has the most important density and Scotland has the smallest. Slide 36 WHO IS THE BRITISH QUEEN ? Slide 37 The British Royal Family The surname of the British Royal Family is Windsor. They changed their name from Saxe- Coburg-Gotha to Windsor in 1917. They are members of the Church of England and they live at Buckingham Palace. Members of family : Queen Elizabeth II of England. Her husband is Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Her children are: Prince Andrew, Duke of York - Prince Charles of Wales - Princess Royal Anne - Edward Earl of Wessex. She has got 8 grandchildren : Prince William of Wales, Prince Harry of Wales; Peter Phillips, Zara Phillips; Princess Beatrice of York, Princess Eugenie of York; Lady Louise Windsor, Viscount Servern. Slide 38 The British Royal Family Tree Slide 39 Commonwealth She is the head of the Commonwealth. Its an organization of former British colonies. Her role She can't create rules, she can't choose anything in economic and politic life of England. At Christmas, for her birthday and for Prince Phillips birthday, she talks to the British people on TV. Queen Elizabeth represents the British Islands in other countries. She is the head of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Only the queen can declare a war or stop it. The queen is the head of the army forces. Elizabeth II is the head of the Church of England. Sometimes, the queen organises Royal Garden parties. Its a big party because 8000 people are invited Slide 40 Who runs the country ? Slide 41 How is Britain governed ? Today the Prime Minister is Gordon Brown. Traditionally the residence of the Prime Minister is at 10 Downing street in London. In Great Britain there are two major parties : The Labour Party and the Conservative Party. Gordon Brown is the head of the Labour party. Gordon Brown chooses a team of people in the parliament to run the country with him. Slide 42 In the House of Lords, there are 675 members and in the House of Commons there 659 members. House of Lords House of Commons. The House of Commons and the House of Lords meet in the House of Parliament near the river Tames. The building is very large, and beautiful there are more than a thousand rooms. The United Kingdom is a parliamentary democracy. The Queens powers are limited. She reigns but she does not govern. Slide 43 Religion in the British Isles There are lots of religions in the British Isles. The main religion is Christianism (72%). The other religions are: Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, Jewish and Buddhists. 15% of the population dont have religion and 1.4% have another religion. buddhists Muslim christianism jewish Hindu Slide 44 A BIT OF HISTORY In 1553, Henry VIII (the king) wanted to divorce because he wanted a son and the queen (his wife) couldnt have a child. He asked the Pope for the permission to divorce but the Pope refused. Henry VIII was very angry and created his own church, the Anglicans (protestants). In 1558, Elisabeth I changed the Anglican church back to christianism and this religion became the official religion of England. Slide 45 CHRISTIANISM: 15 March: St Patricks day. 23 April: St Georges day. MUSLIM:10 January: Al Hijra (Islamic new year). JEWISH :30 September :Rosh Hashanah. 1 October: New years day. BUDDHIST:8 February: New years day. HINDU:3 September: Ganeshs day Religious holidays Slide 46 ECONOMY Slide 47 Economy and industries in England The united kingdom is the fourth largest economic power in the world. The City is the most famous place in Europe English people trade all over the world because its easier with English language. They can export with farming lots of cereals, oilseed, potatoes and vegetables. Farming in England today is easy because machines are very sophisticated.With industry population goes to England Tourism is also very important to the British economy. London is Europe's largest financial centre and one of the world's largest financial centres alongside New York andTokyo Slide 48 WOULD YOU LIKE TO VISIT THE BRITISH ISLES ? Slide 49 To go to England, you can travel by train, plane or ferry You can take a ferry in Calais, Boulogne,St. Malo, Caen, Roscoff and Cherbourg If you leave from Paris,Calais or Lille, You can get the Eurostar to go to London and you will arrive in St Pancras Station. It goes under the Channel. You can take a plane from anywhere in France. How can you get to Great Britain? Slide 50 In England, there are lots of means of transport. You can travel by car on the motorways : there are 225,000 miles ( 326 km ) of roads. You can take the bus, trains, taxis or walk !!! In London, there are beautiful red double- deckers but the quickest way to visit London is the underground (The Tube). Shopping day, for the British, is on Saturday. There are generally shopping centres with lots of shops ( Marks et Spencer, John Levis, house of Fraser, ). If you visit London, dont forget to visit Harrodss. Its very big and very beautiful, but very expensive too ! Transports and shopping Slide 51 What is a pub ? A pub is a small public house. Pubs, for British, are a part of their lives. There are the places where they can discuss and meet new friends You can sleep in a B&B ( bed and breakfast ). They are very comfortable. But for families, villages holidays are also very well with swimming-pool, sports centres, PUBS AND ACCOMODATIONS Slide 52 PLACES TO SEE Slide 53 Retour Slide 54 PALACES AND CASTLES St Jamess Palace It was built between 1532 and 1540 by Henry VIII. It became the official residence of the British sovereign after the death of William III in 1837. This castle is in London. Buckingham Palace It was built in 1837 by the duke Buckingham for his wife. This is the residence of the Queen. Buckingham Palace is in London. Balmoral Castle It was built by William the Conqueror in 1080.This is the largest castle in the world. This is the oldest royal home in Britain. Balmoral Castle is in Scotland Slide 55 Windsor Castle It was built by William the Conqueror in 1080.This is the largest castle in the world. This is the oldest royal home in Britain. It is in the South Est of England. Slide 56 TOWER OF LONDON Retour _ This royal fortress was built by William the Conqueror, following his successful invasion in 1066. Slide 57 SAINT PAULS CATHEDRALE Retour The dome of St Paul's Cathedral is the second biggest dome in the world. The first St Paul's Cathedral was built in 604 AD but burnt down in 675. The rebuilt cathedral was again burnt down in the Great Fire of London in 1666. Slide 58 The British Museum is a museum of human history and culture. The museum illustrates the story of human culture from its beginning to the present. Retour Slide 59 THE PALACE OF WESTMINSTER Retour The Palace of Westminster, also known as the houses of Parliament or Westminster Palace. Slide 60 CAMBRIDGE Retour KINGS COLLEGE Henry VI founded Kings College in 1441. Its situated in Cambridge. Slide 61 BLACKPOOL TOWER Blackpool tower is an attraction for the tourist. It looks much like the Eiffel tower. Retour Slide 62 STONEHENGE Retour Stonehenge means suspended stones. Stonehenge is the most famous prehistoric monument in Britain. Its located near Salisbury. Slide 63 HADRIANS WALL Retour Hadrian Wall is a stone wall built by the Roman Empire to prevent military raids on Roman Britain by the Pictish tribes (ancient inhabitants of Scotland ). Today, Its the most popular tourist attraction in Northern England.