the broken rifle, 71
DESCRIPTION
War ProfiteersTRANSCRIPT
EditorialTh is is s ue of Th e Brok e n
Rifle focus e s on w ar profite e rs .
During W ar Re s is te rs '
Inte rnational Confe re nce
“Globalis ing Nonviole nce ” th at
took place in Eringe rfe ld
Ge rm any be tw e e n th e 23-27 of
July 2006, w e h ad a th e m e
group w h o w ork e d on w ar
profite e rs . Th is th e m e group
w as an e s s e ntial s te p in th e
de ve lop of W RI's Global
Initiative Agains t W ar
Profite e rs . Mos t of th e m ate rial
you w ill find in th is is s ue com e s
from th e w ork of th at w e e k .
During th e th e m e group w e
le arne d from s e ve ral
organiz ations cam paigning
agains t w ar profite e rs . A
com m on unde rs tanding of h ow
to targe t th e s e corporations
w as th e ne e d of w ork ing to
e lim inate th e pow e r th at th e s e
corporations h ave to influe nce
gove rnm e nt policie s to ge t
th e ir contracts . Th e firs t article
of th e Brok e n Rifle de s cribe s
h ow corporations influe nce th e
gove rnm e nt and th e de cis ion-
m ak ing bodie s th at de cide
m ilitary policy and m ilitary
contracts , and w h at can w e do
to s top th e m .
During th e las t w e e k of
Augus t a m e e ting in Colom bia
organiz e d by Re d Juve nil de
Me de llin on antim ilitaris t
initiative s and US inte rve ntion
w ill be look ing at th e role th at
corporations h ave in th at
re gion. An article w ritte n by th e
organiz e rs of th e m e e ting
re ve als h ow th e s e big
corporations h ave dirty h ands
in Colom bia. At th e e nd of
Se pte m be r a confe re nce of
gras s roots w ork ing to Stop th e
Me rch ants of De ath , organis e d
by W ar Re s is te rs ' Le ague , is
tak ing place in Minne apolis
USA. Starting w ith th e cas e
s tudy on th e H one yw e ll proje ct
th at w as bas e d in Minne apolis ,
w e s e e at h ow nonviole nt
cam paigns can be e ffe ctive
agains t th e w ar profite e rs .
I e ncourage you to re ad th is
is s ue of Th e Brok e n Rifle w ith
an e ye on h ow you can ge t
involve d in cam paigning
agains t th e w ar profite e rs .
Javie r Gárate
Th e Brok e n RifleTh e Brok e n Rifle is th e
ne w s le tte r of W ar Re s is te rs '
Inte rnational, and is publis h e d
in Englis h , Spanis h , Fre nch
and Ge rm an. Th is is is s ue 71,
Se pte m be r 2006.
Th is is s ue of Th e Brok e n
Rifle w as produce d by Javie r
Gárate . Spe cial th ank s go to
Joanne Sh e e h an and Acción
Kole ctiva por la Obje ción Fis cal
FOKA from Colom bia, and
oth e rs w h o provide d th e
inform ation us e d in th is is s ue . If
you w ant e xtra copie s of th is
is s ue of Th e Brok e n Rifle ,
ple as e contact th e W RI office ,
or dow nload it from our w e bs ite .
W ar Re s is te rs ' Inte rnational,
5 Cale donian Road,
London N1 9 DX, Britain
te l + 44-20-7278 4040
fax + 44-20-7278 0444
info@ w ri-irg.org
h ttp://w ri-
irg.org/pubs /br71_ e n.h tm
W ar profite e rs de pe nd m ainly on
gove rnm e nt contracts . Im agine w h at
Lock h e e d Martin w ould be w ith out th e ir
Pe ntagon contracts ! At th e s am e tim e
gove rnm e nts ne e d an e xcus e for s pe nding
s uch h uge s um s of m one y e .g. “w ar agains t
te rror”, “national s e curity”, “pe ace force s ”, e tc.
Since w ar profite e rs de pe nd on gove rnm e nt
contracts th e y ne e d to be in th e pos ition to
influe nce th e m . Th rough th e ye ars th e y h ave
pos itione d th e m s e lve s to h ave an im m e ns e
political pow e r w ith in gove rnm e nts , and th e y
e njoy privile ge d acce s s to de cis ion-m ak e rs
th at th e ge ne ral public can only dre am of.
In orde r to s e ll th e ir products , th e w ar
profite e rs ne e d acce s s to inform ation, and
acce s s to th e diffe re nt de cis ion bodie s . H ow
do th e y do it? By th e s o-calle d re volving door
factor, and h e avy lobbying.
Th e te rm 're volving door' re fe rs to th e
m ove m e nt of e m ploye e s be tw e e n
gove rnm e nt and corporations . Form e r m ilitary
ge ne rals or m e m be rs of de fe nce m inis trie s
m ove to h igh pos itions in th e w ar indus try. As
th e y m ove to “de fe ns e contractors ” th e y com e
w ith all th e ir conne ctions and inform ation from
th e ins ide for h ow to ge t th os e pre cious
contracts . Th e re volving door als o w ork s th e
oth e r w ay around, w h e n e x-corporate bigw igs
w ork ing for w ar profite e rs m ove to th e
de fe nce de partm e nts or oth e r gove rnm e nt
de fe nce contract de cis ion bodie s , w h e re th e y
are in th e be s t pos ition to influe nce w h ich
com panie s th e contracts are aw ard to.
Th e re are m any cas e s of th e re volving door,
Dick Ch e ne y be ing th e m os t fam ous one ,
w h e n h e w e nt from be ing th e Se cre tary of
De fe ns e to th e CEO of H alliburton to vice -
pre s ide nt of USA. But h e is not th e only one !
Jus t to m e ntion tw o in th e UK: Julian Scope s
is BAE Sys te m s ' m os t s e nior political lobbyis t
and a form e r MoD civil s e rvant, Scope s is
re porte d to h ave re taine d h is all-are a acce s s
pas s to th e MoD, w h e re h e could e as ily vie w
confide ntial inform ation. BAE h as not
confirm e d or de nie d w h e th e r oth e r s e nior
m e m be rs of s taff h ave s im ilar acce s s . In
anoth e r cas e Lord Inge , Ch ie f of De fe nce
Staff from 19 9 4-19 9 7, be cam e Non-e xe cutive
Ch airm an at Ae gis De fe nce Se rvice s .
H e avy lobbying h appe ns w h e n com panie s
h ave an official role in m ak ing policy and
contract de cis ions . Exam ine th e Europe an
Union to s e e h ow th is w ork s . For m any ye ars
th e arm s indus try trie d h ard to influe nce
Brus s e ls ' de cis ion m ak e rs , prom oting th e
conce pt th at a s trong m ilitary Europe ne e ds a
s trong arm s indus try. W h ile drafting th e te xt
for th e cons titution th e Europe an Conve ntion's
w ork ing group on de fe nce invite d a num be r
of “e xpe rts ” to give advice on w h at s h ould be
include d in th e tre aty te xt. Th re e of th e
th irte e n e xpe rts re pre s e nte d th e inte re s t of
th e arm s indus try: Corrado Antonini, pre s ide nt
of th e Europe an De fe nce Indus trie s Group,
Anth ony Parry from BAE Sys te m s and Je an-
Louis Ge rgorin from EADS. Th e m e s s age of a
s trong Europe an arm s indus try for a s trong
m ilitary Europe w as th e re .
A s im ilar s ituation e xis ts in th e USA w ith th e
De fe ns e Policy Board w h ich w as cre ate d in
19 85, m ade up of 30+ re pre s e ntative s of
indus try, te ch nology and m ilitary contractors .
Th e De fe ns e Policy Board m e e ts four tim e s a
ye ar to advis e th e Se cre tary of De fe ns e on
w h at w e apons s ys te m s to buy, w h at countrie s
are “th re ats ”, w h e re th e y ne e d a
“pre e m ptive s trik e ”, w h at country th e y
s h ould occupy. For e xam ple , in 2006 th e
De fe ns e Policy Board include s Jack
Sh e e h an w h o w as in th e US Marine
Corps , Ge ne ral in NATO, Supre m e Allie d
Com m ande r in th e Atlantic w h o le ft th e
m ilitary and be cam e Se nior Vice
Pre s ide nt at Be ch te l. Be ch te l is one of
th e large s t contractors groups in th e
w orld, and h as one of th e large s t
contracts in Iraq to w ork on its
re cons truction.
In m any countrie s w ar profite e rs can
le gally donate large s um s of m one y to
political candidate s , e xpe cting th e ir
loyalty w h e n vote s com e up for w e apons
s ys te m s . Of cours e bribe ry als o tak e s
place . In th e US th e re are m any
ins tance s of Congre s s voting for
contracts th at th e Pe ntagon h as not
e ve n as k e d for, but th e corporation h as
a “s pe cial frie nd” in Congre s s w h o h as
pus h e d th e de fe ns e contract th rough .
W e apons m anufacture rs h ave be com e s o
pow e rful th at th e y can te ll th e gove rnm e nt
w h at th e y w ant and don’t w ant. BAE Sys te m s
(form e rly Britis h Ae ros pace ) h as told th e UK
gove rnm e nt th at if it doe s not buy from th e m
th e y w ill pull out of th e UK and go to th e US.
According to th e US De partm e nt of De fe ns e ,
BAE Sys te m s (th e y droppe d th e w ord “Britis h ”
to be com e m ore trans national) w as th e
Pe ntagon’s s e ve nth large s t s upplie r in 2005.
Th e com panie s claim th at th e y le ave th e
m oral de cis ions to th e gove rnm e nt, and th at
th e y are only “doing th e ir patriotic duty” by
re s ponding to w h at th e gove rnm e nt ne e ds .
W h at can w e do?
An im portant s te p tow ards s topping th e w ar
profite e rs is to s top th e ir pow e rful influe nce
ove r gove rnm e nt s pe nding on w e apons . H ow
can w e do th at? Th e pow e r of w ar profite e rs
s e e m s s o ove rw h e lm ing, m ore pow e rful e ve n
th an th e pow e rful gove rnm e nts th e y s e ll to.
A com m on anti-corporate s trate gy,
boycotts , is difficult w ith w ar profite e rs
be caus e th e m ajor com panie s do not h ave
civilian products . Th e one s th e y do h ave –
airline rs , cons truction proje cts – are not
cons um e r products , but are bough t by
corporations or m unicipalitie s .
Ann Fe lth am of Cam paign Agains t th e Arm s
Trade s ugge s te d w e “tack le th is around th e
e dge s ”, and w e dis cus s e d m any of th os e
s trate gie s at th e W ar Profite e rs Th e m e Group
at th e W ar Re s is te rs ' Inte rnational Confe re nce
Globalis ing Nonviole nce .
Monitor th e com panie s and th e policy
com m itte e s and boards th e y s it on. Vis ibility is
th e ir vulne rability. Expos e th e m as w ar
profite e rs . De s cribe th e e ffe cts of th e ir
w e apons , and th e h um an righ ts violations of
th e countrie s th e y s e ll to.
Educate th e taxpaye rs re garding th e fact
th at th e gove rnm e nt is us ing th e ir m one y to
fund w ar profite e rs .
Expos e th e bribe ry th at h appe ns in th e w ar
profite e rs w orld. Th e re are m any cas e s and
th e y ne e d to be m ade k now n to th e public.
Th is can be done in cre ative and dram atic
w ays .
Pre s s ure gove rnm e nts to re gulate th e s e
com panie s , de m anding trans pare ncy and
corporate accountability. W ar profite e rs can’t
s tand up to th os e s tandards .
Look at th e role th at bank s and Export
Cre dit Age ncie s play in s upporting and
s ubs idiz ing th e w ar indus try w ith loans and
cre dits , as th e y m ak e it look as if th e de al is
com ple te ly s afe for both th e gove rnm e nt and
th e indus try. H ow do taxpaye rs and bank
de pos itors fe e l about th e ir m one y be ing us e d
for w e apons production?
Organiz ations and individuals can buy s tock
in th e s e com panie s . Sh are h olde rs can put
pre s s ure on corporations th rough
s h are h olde rs re s olutions and at annual
m e e tings .
Or e ncourage pe ns ions funds , unive rs itie s
and m unicipalitie s to dive s t in com panie s th at
profit from w ar (including all w ar profite e rs ,
not jus t w e apons m anufacture rs .)
To e ffe ctive ly ch alle nge th e w ar profite e rs
w e ne e d cam paigns th at targe t th e various
link s in th e ch ain of h ow th e corporations ge t
m ilitary contracts . To do th at w e ne e d to
coordinate am ong groups w ork ing agains t
arm s trade , financial ins titutions and Export
Cre dit Age ncie s th at s upport arm s s ale s and
th e w ide r antim ilitaris t and nonviole nt
m ove m e nt.
Joanne Sh e e h an and Javie r Gárate
"Th e Re volving Door, A Re volting Acce s s "W h o re ally be ne fits from w ar?
Ph oto: Scott Sch ae ffe r - Duffy during a vigil outs ide Rayth e on
W ar profite e rs are not only th os e th at be ne fit
from th e arm s indus try, but als o th os e th at
im puls e m ilitary action and e laborate
s trate gie s to profit from w ar. Am ong w ar
profite e rs w e can include :
- Large private corporations
H e re w e re fe r to th e trans national and
m ultinational corporations th at ne e d control
ove r our natural re s ource s and our national
te rritorie s in orde r to s upport th e ir h e ge m onic
proje ct and s o th at re lations of e conom ic and
political s olidarity cannot be im prove d (w h ich
w ould pe rm it true de ve lopm e nt of Latin
Am e rican countrie s ).
Th e s e profite e rs als o bas e th e ir corporate
s trate gy on th e aggravation of arm e d conflict
and th e cons olidation of m ilitary and
param ilitary actors w ith th e goal of im pos ing
m e gaproje cts w h ich in turn allow th e m to
appropriate large portions of our national
te rritorie s and political pow e r.
Th e follow ing are s om e of th e corporations
th at inte rve ne as profite e rs in our country:
Unde r globaliz ation th e s e trans nationals buy
local public com panie s , in th is w as gaining
control of natural re s ource s s uch as
pe trole um , w ate r, oxyge n, nick e l, le ucite ,
plutonium , and m e rcury. Th e s e las t four are
us e d in th e arm s indus try.
Th e cons e q ue nce s of th e s e m e gaproje cts
include th e e xpropriation of local com m unitie s ’
land, e xploitation of th e local labor force , and
th e aggravate of conflict be caus e s uch
proje cts de e pe n th e s tructural caus e s of
pove rty and ine q uality.
- Financial ins titutions contribute to w ar in
tw o w ays : (1) th rough th e le nding of m one y to
w ar inve s te rs , and (2) th rough th e de vas tating
accum ulation of w e alth w h ich again de e pe ns
th e s tructural caus e s of w ar in Colom bia. 21.9
m illion pe ople or 49 .2% of th e population of
Colom bia live in pove rty, w ith th e 14.7% of th e
population clas s ifie d as ve ry poor. It is w orth
m e ntioning Santande r and BBVA bank s w h ich
are today’s le ade rs in m ortgage le nding and
am ong th e large s financial ins titutions in
Colom bia. Th e s e com panie s , at th e
inte rnational le ve l are partne rs to th e arm s
indus try in Europe as w e ll as le nding to arm s
inve s tors .
- Nation-s tate s :
W orld pow e rs : th rough e conom ic, m ilitary
and political inte rve ntion in oth e r countrie s , th e
w orld’s m os t pow e rful nations look to control
th e w e alth and te rritorie s of le s s pow e rful
re gions . In th e cas e of Colom bia, th e USA
inve s ts m ore th an US $350 m illion pe r ye ar in
th e inte rnal w ar in Colom bia. Furth e rm ore ,
m ultilate ral organiz ations s uch as th e W orld
Bank , th e IMF, th e Inte r-
Am e rican De ve lopm e nt
Bank , and th e W TO le nd
m one y to de ve loping
s tate s , incre as ing th e
inte rnal and e xte rnal de bt
and im pos ing th e re q uis ite
of adapting th e ir
e conom ie s to th e ne olibe ral
e conom ic m ode l.
And th e th ird w orld
countrie s , th rough national
s e curity and de fe ns e
policie s m ak e th e conflict
e ve n de e pe r. Public orde r
is m aintaine d at th e
de trim e nt of fundam e ntal
h um an righ ts . More ove r,
be ginning in th e 19 9 0s , th e
cons e ns us in W as h ington
h as be e n to prom ote th e
w e ak e ning of th e w e lfare
s tate and civil libe rtie s
w h ile active ly back ing an
e s s e ntially inactive pro-
m ark e t s tate w h ich ce de s
m any of its m os t im portant
role s to private
corporations and
trans nationals .
A furth e r proble m is th e
cre ation and m ainte nance
of param ilitary s tructure s ,
be it by th e s tate – as in th e
cas e of Colom bia – or as
th e s um m ation of th e
inte re s ts of th e private
s e ctor.
Som e e xam ple s of
corporate pow e r and w ar
s pe culation in Colom bia:
- Th e pre s ide ncy w h ich
s e e s righ ts as s e rvice s
- Th e m afia w h ich
pe rm e ate s m ilitary
s tructure s th rough drug traffick ing and
conne ctions w ith th e param ilitary groups . As a
re s ult of th e prolife ration of arm e d actors in
Colom bia, civil s e ctor e m ploym e nt is re duce d
and m ilitary-re late d e m ploym e nt incre as e s .
- Th e Colom bian and US gove rnm e nts ,
th ough plan Colom bia and th e patriot plan
figh t agains t narco-traffick ing and for th e
e lim ination of th e gue rrillas . H ow e ve r, th e drug
w ar (w h ich include s m ilitary action and th e us e
of toxic h e rbicide s ) is dire cte d agains t th e
w e ak e s t parts of th e production ch ain: th e
coca farm e rs , th e coca pas ta produce rs and
th e civilian population. Th e re al traffick e rs ,
landow ne rs , politicians , and private actors th at
m anage th e drug m ark e t are ofte n not
targe te d.
- Th e de fe ns e policy place s m ore e m ph as is
on incre as ing m ilitary s pe nding to th e
de trim e nt of fundam e ntal h um an righ ts , h e alth ,
and e ducation.
- Th e De fe ns e M inis try not only w e igh s
h e avily on th e nation’s budge t, but als o h as a
clos e ly as s ociate d group of 21 com panie s ,
including Indum il (arm s m anufacture r), H ote l
Te q ue ndam a, and th e m ilitary unive rs ity. Th is
group functions as a rotating inve s tm e nt fund
w ith inve s ts in s e curity re late d activitie s . W e
as k : w h at h appe ns to th e e arnings from th e s e
inve s tm e nts ?
- Th e M inis try of th e Inte rior and th e re -
ins e rtion to civilian life of th e 43000
de m obiliz e d s oldie rs : th is ‘pe ace ’ s trate gy
ultim ate ly s e e k s to capture m ore re s ource s for
th e arm e d force s .
- Private s e curity firm s contract de m obiliz e d
param ilitary office rs .
Th e Colom bian gove rnm e nt e xh ibits
com ple te com place ncy in th e face of de m ands
and s trate gic plans from th e US. Som e
e xam ple s :
- Plan Colom bia: th is is a m ilitary s trate gy,
w h ich is re affirm e d in th e Octobe r docum e nt
“le y de la e s tam pilla”, and fortaliz e d by th e
Ande an Re gional Initiative (IRA in Spanis h ).
Alth ough os te ns ibly cre ate d as a re gional
antinarcotics s trate gy, th e IRA s e e k s to
re cons olidate th e m ilitarie s of th e re gion.
- Patriot Plan and th e IRA s e e k to s top th e
cons olidation of th e triple w ay (Ecuador,
Colom bia and Ve ne z ue la), as w e ll as confirm
th e Am az on re gion as a s ource of biological
pate nts .
- Plan H ous ton, Pue bla – Panam á, Bogotá
w h ich prom ote s th e e s tablis h m e nt of
e ucalyptus plantations and th e inte gration of
Colom bia in th e w orld e conom y via th e inte r-
oce anic canal of Ch ocó, th e com ple tion of th e
Pan-Am e rican h igh w ay e n th e Darién re gion,
and th e gas pipe line w h ich cros s e s Panam á,
Colom bia and Ve ne z ue la.
- Th e m e dia:
Th e m e dia plays th e role of inform ation
m e rch ant, traffick ing and profiting from s torie s
about th e w ar in Colom bia. Furth e rm ore , th e
m e dia is ve ry s k e w e d tow ard s upporting th e
s tatus q uo, s upporting th e cons olidation of th e
arm e d force s , and re inforcing th e ide a th at any
k ind of oppos ition is a form of te rroris m or
re be llion. Th e m e dia te nd to cas t a pos itive
ligh t on th e s e curity plans of th e gove rnm e nt,
th e prom otion of private s e curity, and fore ign
inve s tm e nt and appropriation of natural
re s ource s .
In Colom bia th e m as s m e dia im plicate d in
w ar s pe culation include s :
- RCN w h ich provide s partial inform ation
pande rs to th e inte re s ts of political partie s and
individuals w h o s upport th e w ar. In th e re ce nt
pre s ide ntial e le ction, no e ffort w as m ade to
cre ate public de bate be tw e e n candidate s ,
rath e r th e re w as a profiliz ation in favor of th e
big-bus ine s s candidate . It is not a coincide nce
th at th is m e dia group is controlle d by th e
Ardila Lule groups w h os e inte re s ts are in line
w ith th e Uribe cam p.
A s e rie s of program s s upport th e arm e d
2 Th e Brok e n Rifle No 71, Se pte m be r 2006W ar Profite e rs
A s te p tow ards globalis ing non-viole nceTh e 24th W ar Re s is te rs ' In-te rnational Trie nnial Con-fe re nce
From 23-27 July, th e 24th
W RI “Trie nnial” confe re nce took
place in Eringe rfe ld, Ge rm any.
Sure ly, participation w as m ore
global th an at m any re ce nt W RI
confe re nce s , w ith m ore th an
200 participants from all contin-
e nts and m ore th an 30 coun-
trie s pre s e nt.
H ow e ve r, Ge rm an vis a re gu-
lations pre ve nte d Sam iira Jam a-
Ebli from Som aliland from
s pe ak ing at th e confe re nce .
Som e oth e r participants from Ni-
ge ria, Mali, and Se ne gal w e re
not able to participate be caus e
of vis a proble m s .
Th e s tate d aim s of th e con-
fe re nce w e re :
- m ak ing nonviole nce m ore
ce ntral in th e global m ove m e nt
of re s is tance to w ar and e co-
nom ic dom ination,
- adapting nonviole nt analys -
is and s trate gy to th e th re ats w e
face today, and
- cons olidating and re viving
our antim ilitaris t, nonviole nt,
global ne tw ork .
It can be q ue s tione d if it w as
pos s ible to ach ie ve all th e s e –
ce rtainly h igh – aim s , but s ure ly
th e confe re nce w as a s te p in
th at dire ction, and contribute d
to W RI's unde rs tanding of th e s e
is s ue s .
A – tim e ly – h igh ligh t of th e
confe re nce w as ce rtainly th e
ple nary on Is rae l-Pale s tine , w ith
Doroth y Naor from Ne w Profile ,
Is rae l, Sh e e rin Al-Ajab from
Pale s tine , and Angie Z e lte r
from th e Inte rnational W om e n's
Pe ace Se rvice .
Ste llan Vinth age n provok e d
s om e dis cus s ion w ith h is intro-
duction to a nonviole nt s trate gy
for th e global pe ace and jus tice
m ove m e nt – or th e lack of
s trate gy, and th e gaps w ith in
nonviole nt analys is .
And th e dis cus s ion be tw e e n
Jai Se n from India, and e x-W RI-
Ch air Joanne Sh e e h an on th e
re lations h ip be tw e e n th e m ove -
m e nt for globalis ation from be -
low and th e anti-w ar m ove m e nt
pointe d to a varie ty of vie w s on
th e W orld Social Forum , and
proble m s w ith in th e W SF pro-
ce s s .
It is too e arly to re fle ct on
th e outcom e s of th e confe r-
e nce . H ow e ve r, s om e concre te
plans h ave be e n m ade at th e
confe re nce :
- A conce rte d e ffort for W RI
to be pre s e nt and vis ible at th e
W orld Social Forum in K e nya in
January 2007, w ith s e m inars
prom oting nonviole nce and anti-
m ilitaris m . Anyone inte re s te d in
joining in ple as e contact th e
W RI office at info@ w ri-irg.org.
- A ne w ne tw ork /w ork ing
group w ith in W RI on m ilitary in-
te rve ntions , or re s is tance to in-
te rve ntions , focus e d on actions
in Europe . Ple as e contact H ans
Lam m e rant from Forum voor
Vre de s actie if you w ant to ge t in-
volve d (h ans @ vre de s actie .be ).
- A s tate m e nt on Is rae l and
Le banon, available on W RI's
w e bs ite at h ttp://w ri-irg.org/
s tate m nt/le banon06-e n.h tm .
Andre as Spe ck and Javie r Garate
Colom bia: W ar Profite e rs - Clarifying "w h o" th e y are
Corporation Me gaproje ct
- Coca-Cola
H ydroe le ctric Dam in th e
W ate r and Biodive rs ity re s e rve
of th e m aciz o colom biano
- Ne s tle Ranch ing and dairy
production in th e Cauca,
Caq ue tá and Putum ayo
- Am oco
Te xaco,
Exxon
Gas pipe line th at cros s e s
Colom bia, Ve ne z ue la and
Panam á
-
Drum m ond
Carbon and th e m e th ane
gas e xploitation in La Lom a,
Magdale na
- Mons ato H ydric re s ource s in th e
Ve ga, Cauca (ne ar th e triple
frontie r of th e Am az on re gion)
Map of Colom bia: Im age - Fok a
Continue s page 3
3
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Donate to W ar Re s is te rs ' Inte rnational
Th e Brok e n Rifle No 71, Se pte m be r 2006 W ar Profite e rs
Th e H one yw e ll Corporation w as bas e d
in Minne apolis , M inne s ota, USA.
H one yw e ll produce d clus te r bom bs
(bom ble ts ), s m all s te e l ball be arings
e m be dde d in a s te e l s h e ll. W h e n th is anti-
pe rs onne l w e apon e xplode s , th e s te e l ball
be arings s h oot out 2, 200 fe e t pe r s e cond.
H one yw e ll als o m ade oth e r w e apons and
civilian products .
Se ve ral th ings ins pire d pe ople to focus
on th is corporation. In 19 67 th e Be rtrand
Rus s e ll W ar Crim e s Tribunal w h ich took
place in Stock h olm , conde m ne d th e us e of
clus te r bom bs agains t Vie tnam e s e
civilians . Th e Octobe r 19 68 is s ue of
Libe ration Magaz ine Staugh ton Lynd
w rote an e ditorial urging pe ople to tak e on
th e corporations th at w e re involve d in
producing w e apons , particularly th os e
involve d in th e w ar on Vie tnam .
In De ce m be r 19 68 pe ople in
Minne apolis s tarte d th e H one yw e ll Proje ct.
From th e be ginning, th e y w e re cle ar about
th e ir goals :
1)Stop re s e arch , de ve lopm e nt and
production of clus te r bom bs and oth e r
w e apons
2)Pe ace conve rs ion w ith no job los s
Th e re w as a com m itm e nt to nonviole nce
from th e be ginning. Th e founde rs als o h ad
a clas s analys is , be lie ving it w as im portant
to put pre s s ure on th e pe ople w h o profit,
re cogniz ing th e y are th e de cis ion-m ak e rs
not on th e w ork e rs . Marv Davidov, one of
th e founde rs , e ncourage d th e group: “Le t’s
not do it unle s s w e can do if for 5 ye ars .”
Th e y be gan by doing re s e arch for 6
m onth s to find out e ve ryth ing th e y could,
m appe d office s and plants , m e t w ith
w ork e rs , focus e d on th e lie th at clus te r
bom bs w e re us e d agains t figh ting force s
not civilians .
In th e s pirit of nonviole nce , organiz e rs
m e t w ith H one yw e ll Board Ch air Jim
Be nge r, w h o form e d a re lations h ip w ith
Marv Davidov, H one yw e ll Proje ct
coordinator.
Th e H one yw e ll Proje ct s tarte d le afle ting
th e tw o plants w h e re th e clus te r bom bs
m ade .
In April 19 69 fifty activis ts de m ons trate d
outs ide H one yw e ll’s annual s h are h olde rs
m e e ting, m ak ing vis ible th e h orrible re ality
of clus te r bom bs . Th e y w e re give n10
m inute s to s pe ak to th e m e e ting, th e
corporations ’ re s pons e w as th at “th e
gove rnm e nt com e s to us , it’s our citiz e nly
duty.” Publicity from th at re s ulte d in a
union e xe cutive and progre s s ive pe ople
contacting th e Proje ct.
H one yw e ll Proje ct cre ate d an
organiz ation of 14 local and re gional
groups . Pe ople bough t s tock to ge t into
th e Sh are h olde rs m e e tings . In April 19 70
H one yw e ll Proje ct organiz e d 3,000
de m ons trators outs ide and ins ide th e
H one yw e ll annual s h are h olde rs m e e ting,
w h ich las te d only14 m inute s as a re s ult.
Th e national pre s s corp w as th e re to cove r
th is ne w s trate gy in th e antiw ar m ove m e nt.
Spe ak ing tours ins pire d oth e r corporate
cam paigns . In 19 71 tw o national groups
e nte re d th e cam paign to s top H one yw e ll’s
production of clus te r bom bs . According to
Marv Davidov, “W e w e re organiz ing locally
w h ile doing outre ach globally.” Th e local
organiz ing include d s tude nts
de m ons trating agains t corporate re cruite rs
on cam pus , and a Profe s s or doing
re s e arch on pe ace conve rs ion
pos s ibilitie s .
Th e focus on clus te r bom bs cre ate d a
s ituation w h e re s om e pe ople q uit w ork ing
for H one yw e ll. Th e corporation got m ore
s oph is ticate d, Th e y produce d a 4 page
pam ph le t re s ponding to e ve ry is s ue th e
H one yw e ll Proje ct w as rais ing and
dis tribute d it to th e ir 100,000 w ork e rs
w orldw ide . Th e y s e nt m e m os to w ork e rs
e ncouraging th e m not to talk w ith
de m ons trators , claim ing th e y w e re
th re ate ning th e ir job. H one yw e ll be gan to
give m ore donations to th e com m unity.
Th e y cre ate d ads th at s aid th e y “do good
th ings ”. Th e y w e re cle arly fe e ling th e
pre s s ure .
In April 19 75 th e Vie tnam W ar e nde d.
From 19 75 th rough 19 80 th e cam paign
w as dorm ant e xce pt for a law s uit.
Th e Am e rican Civil Libe rtie s Union
(ACLU) s ue d H one yw e ll and th e FBI for
cons piracy to de ny cons titutional righ ts of
m e m be rs of H one yw e ll Proje ct and oth e r
local pe ace groups . Th e FBI h ad
inform ants in th e ir group from 19 69 -19 72,
th e y adm itte d it but ne ve r adm itte d th e y
did anyth ing w rong. Th e cas e w as s e ttle d
in 19 85, $70,000 w as aw arde d. H one yw e ll
Proje ct gave m one y to Sh ove ls for Laos
w h ich e nable d pe as ants to dig s low e r s o
th at w h e n th e y h it th e m e tal clus te r bom bs
th e y could s top.
In 19 81 H one yw e ll Proje ct re groupe d. At
th e 19 82 Sh are h olde rs m e e ting
oppos ition to th e MX m is s ile contracts
dom inate d th e dis cus s ion. In 19 82 th e
H one yw e ll Proje ct als o dis cove re d th at
H one yw e ll m anufacture d th e clus te r
bom bs us e d by Is rae li force s s h e lling
Be irut. Th at ye ar 36 pe ople w e re arre s te d
at a nonviole nt action at corporate
h e adq uarte rs . Th e H one yw e ll Proje ct
cre ate d a participatory s tructure to
organiz e large de m ons trations .
Nonviole nce training w as im portant.
Rallie s include d a cultural com pone nt. In
19 83 577 pe ople w e re arre s te d be fore th e
de ploym e nt of Cruis e and Pe rs h ing
m is s ile s to W e s te rn Europe , s h utting dow n
th e h e adq uarte rs for a day. Th e trials
w e re part of th e s trate gy. Th e y w e re able
to rais e th e is s ue of th e dam age caus e d
by th e s e w e apons and tie d up th e court for
a ye ar .
From 19 82 th rough 19 9 0, tw ice a ye ar
H one yw e ll Proje ct organiz e d nonviole nt
civil dis obe die nce actions . Th e y w rote
s h are h olde rs re s olutions to s top th e
m ak ing of clus te r bom bs and for e conom ic
conve rs ion. Th e ir s trate gy w as bas e d on
local organiz ing, w h ile doing re gional,
national and inte rnational ne tw ork ing.
National and inte rnational pre s s ure w as
im portant.
Th e y rais e d th e ir vis ibility during th e
19 80’s w ith th e participation of w e ll k now n
pe ople . Me dia cove rage w as good,
alth ough it focus e d m ore on h um an
inte re s t s torie s th an th e is s ue of e conom ic
conve rs ion. “60 Minute s ”, a popular US
TV ne w s s h ow , film e d a s e gm e nt on
H one yw e ll Corporation but s ubm itte d to
pre s s ure to cut th e focus on th e H one yw e ll
Proje ct.
Jim Be nge r w as H one yw e ll’s Ch airm an
of th e Board from 19 68 to 19 75. H ow e ve r,
m e e tings w ith H one yw e ll officials e nde d
w h e n h e le ft. Th e ne w CEO re cogniz e d
th at w ork e r’s m orale w as low be caus e of
de cade s of prote s ts , and re fus e d to m e e t
w ith th e group.
In 19 84 H one yw e ll Corp did a forum on
“Pros pe ct for Pe ace m ak ing” to s h ow th e y
w e re inte re s te d in pe ace m ak ing. Th e y m e t
w ith oth e r pe ace groups , and re fus e d to
m e e t w ith H one yw e ll Proje ct.
A boycott of H one yw e ll cons um e r
products w as not calle d for, alth ough m any
ch oos e not to buy products m ade by
w e apons m anufacture rs .
In 19 89 H one yw e ll trie d to s e ll th e
w e apons divis ion but no one w ould buy it.
W h e n it could not s e ll its w e apons divis ion
th e y cre ate d anoth e r corporation: Alliant
Te ch Sys te m s .
H one yw e ll s aid s e lling off th e ir w e apons
divis ion w as due to a com bination of
e conom ic factors including th e “e nd of cold
w ar”. Ye t rath e r th an dis banding th at
divis ion th e y cre ate d a s ucce s s ful ne w
com pany. Alliant Te ch is th e bigge s t
produce r of land m ine s and bulle ts in th e
w orld. H one yw e ll s aid th at de m ons trators
h ad no e ffe ct, but th e ir actions contradict
th at. In 19 9 5 Alliant Action w as cre ate d.
Th e H one yw e ll Proje ct can claim a
num be r of s ucce s s e s – e ve ryone k ne w
w h at a clus te r bom b w as , th e s e w e apons
w e re no longe r invis ible . Th is fue le d
oppos ition to th e us e of s uch w e apons
and to th e w ars th e y w e re us e d in.
H one yw e ll Proje ct h e lpe d m ak e th e
corporate role in w ar vis ible , be cam e a
m ode l for oth e r anti-corporate cam paigns ,
particularly in its us e of nonviole nt dire ct
action. Th e organiz ing gave ris e to a
s trong progre s s ive m ove m e nt in
Minne apolis th at re m ains today.
But de s pite th os e s ucce s s e s , production
of clus te r bom bs continue s . Our ch alle nge
is to find s ucce s s ful w ays to s top th e s e
m e rch ants of de ath . According to
H one yw e ll Proje ct founde r Marv Davidov,
“Give n th e pe rm ane nt w ar e conom y, th e
m ove m e nt m us t be local, re gional,
national and inte rnational to be e ffe ctive .”
Joanne Sh e e h an
force s , including th e radio of th e national police , th e radio of th e arm y,
TV program s on th e s tate ch anne l, th e ‘Im pacto’ program on th e UNO
ch anne l, and th e ‘m e n of h onor’ s h ow w h ich pre s e nts a pos itive
im age of th e arm e d force s and le ads pe ople to s e e m ilitariz ation as a
w ay to re s olve inte rnal conflicts . Th e s e com m unication s trate gie s
capture s tate re s ource s as w e ll as ge ne rating th e ir ow n re ve nue ,
w h ich allow s th e m to e xpand th e ir s ocial m ilitariz ation program s .
Finally th e arm e d force s and s tate s e curity force s h ave a s e rie s of
publications and com m unications aim e d at m ak ing th e population fe ll
‘s afe ’. Th e y als o clos e off re s ide ntial are as ne ar carte ls , and m ilitarily
occupy public s pace s , th e re by ge ne rating a s ocie ty bas e d on m ilitary
control ove r civilian life in th e urban ce nte rs .
One w ould h ave to arrive at th e conclus ion th at be ing a w ar
profite e r is a e as y and m ore lucrative bus ine s s th at be ing and actor
in arm e d conflict. Als o it is appare nt th at th os e involve d in w ar
profite e ring are ofte n m ore Mach iave llian th an th e s oldie rs
th e m s e lve s . Th e y control th e fine s trings of pow e r and de ath , but th e y
don’t dire ctly ge t th e ir h ands dirty be caus e th e y are not th e one s w h o
do th e k illing.
FOKA (Acción Kole ctiva por la Obje ción Fis cal)
Trans lation: Matt Yarrow
Th e H one yw e ll Proje ctA cas e s tudy on a nonviole nt cam paign agains t w ar profite e rs
from page 2
During W RI Inte rnational Confe re nce “Globalis ing
Nonviole nce ” w e h ad a
th e m e group on th e topic of w ar profite e ring.
Me e ting e ve ry day of th e confe re nce , w e w e re able to
go th rough a proce s s of le arning about w ar profite e rs ,
cam paigns agains t th e m , and e xplore h ow W RI’s
Global Initiative Agains t W ar Profite e rs can h e lp
groups in th is im portant w ork .
Th e aim s of th is th e m e group w e re :
*Le arn from groups w ork ing on th e topic
*Mak e link s be tw e e n th e groups alre ady w ork ing
on w ar profite e rs
and groups and individuals w h o are ne w to it
*Ide ntify th e role th at W RI can play in
cam paigning agains t w ar profite e rs at an
inte rnational le ve l
*Ide ntify s trate gie s Com e w ith concre te ide as to
w ork in th e future
W e s tarte d by de s cribing w ar profite e rs and
analyz ing s trate gic opportunitie s to s top th e m . Ann
Fe lth am from th e Cam paign Agains t th e Arm s Trade
(UK). Explaining th at th e re are tw o k inds of arm s
trade : s m all arm s /ligh t w e apons and th e m ajor
w e apons , s h e focus on th e big com panie s th at m ak e
th e large w e apons s ys te m s and h igh te ch
com pone nts . W h ile th e s e products can k ill, a lot are
ne ve r us e d. Eve n if th e product doe s is not us e d, it
can give m oral s upport to h um an righ ts violators ,
dam age s e conom ie s and th e e nvironm e nt, h e lps th e
m ilitary m yth continue . Such w e apons are bough t by
any gove rnm e nt w ith m one y.
Fre nch activis t Tik iri e xplaine d m ilitary outs ourcing
– h ow private com panie s now profit by providing
s e rvice s th at w e re once done by th e m ilitary. Th e s e
fall into th re e cate gorie s : 1)ge ne ral s e rvice s s uch as
laundry, cate ring and trans port (provide d by
com panie s s uch as Sode xh o and Se rco. 2)
Te ch nology de ve lopm e nt, provide d by arm s
m anufacture rs s uch as Lock h e e d-Martin and
North rup Grum m an. 3)Private Military com panie s th e
provide s e curity guards and m e rce narie s , draw from
e lite force s by com panie s s uch as Black w ate r
Se curity and CACI.
Re cons truction is anoth e r ne w e r form of w ar
profite e ring. A pre s e ntation by Sim on H arak from W ar
Re s is te rs Le ague ’s Stop Me rch ants of De ath
Cam paign (US) e xplaine d h ow com panie s s uch as
Be ch te l and H alliburton re ap h uge profits from
contracts to “re build” Iraq afte r th e bom bs of oth e r
w ar profite e rs h ave de s troye d it.
Mich Crols from Forum voor Vre de s actie , Jan
Cape lle from Proye cto Gato and Marijn Pape rk am p
from th e Dutch Cam paign Agains t Arm s Trade told of
t
h e ir w ork w ith private financial ins titutions and Export
Cre dit Age ncie s th at are involve d w ith arm s
m anufacture rs . Bank s h ave s h are s in th e arm s
indus try, or s upport w ith loans /cre dits trans actions for
arm s trade . Export Cre dit Age ncie s (ECAs ) are
publicly back e d gove rnm e nt or s e m i-gove rnm e nt
age ncie s w h ich give financial guarante e s to
com panie s ope rating abroad, including arm s s ale s .
Th e y are th e s ingle large s t s ource of taxpaye r
s upport for private s e ctor com panie s s e e k ing to off-
load on to
th e public th e financial ris k s of th e ir bus ine s s in th e
South and Eas te rn Europe .
Th e pre s e nte rs all told us h ow th e “re volving door”
is a k e y factor
for w ar profite e rs , h e lping com panie s re ap e ve n
large r profits from gove rnm e nts .
Pe ople w h o are m ak ing th e de cis ions re garding
w e apons contracts re pre s e nt s trong corporate
inte re s t in th e s e de als .
Cas e s tudie s of cam paigns h e lp us unde rs tand
w h ich are good s trate gie s
for w ork ing agains t w ar profite e rs . Se ve ral cas e
s tudie s w e re pre s e nte d. W e h e ard about Cam paign
agains t th e De fe nce Export Se rvice s Organis ation in
th e UK w h ich e xis ts to s e ll arm s for com panie s and to
lobby for arm s e xports w ith in th e gove rnm e nt. “My
Mone y Cle ar Cons cie nce ” is a Be lgian cam paign
pre s s uring bank s to dis inve s t in arm s produce rs , w ith
a firs t s te p to ge t th e m to dis inve s t from controve rs ial
arm s produce rs .
Cam paigns agains t Export Cre dit Age ncie s both in
th e Ne th e rlands and in Be lgium . Th e ge ne ral aim of
th e s e cam paigns is to e nd th e financial s upport for
arm s e xports s ince th is w ould m ak e th e e xport of
large , e xpe ns ive w e apons s ys te m s to de ve loping
countrie s alm os t im pos s ible .
W e le arne d from th e H one yw e ll Proje ct, a
nonviole nt cam paign in th e USA agains t a com pany
th at m ade clus te r bom bs us e d agains t th e pe ople of
Vie tnam .
W e le arne d from th e s e cas e s tudie s th at a
s ucce s s ful cam paign h as to com bine cle ar goals ,
good re s e arch on th e com panie s and an
unde rs tanding of th e s ituation w ith a dive rs ity of
tactics . It is im portant to focus on th e de s tructive
nature of th e w e apons and to m ak e vis ible h ow
corporations carry out th e ir bus ine s s (e .g ins ide r
influe ncing, bribe ry, e xce s s ive profits m ade from
taxpaye rs ), calling th e ir re putation for be ing “good
corporations ” into q ue s tion. Cam paigns ne e d to
provide opportunitie s for pe ople to join organiz e d
e fforts to e lim inate corporate pow e r.
During th e th e m e group w e agre e d th at W RI ne e ds
to play a role in coordinating an e xch ange of
inform ation of w h at various groups are doing, and
prom ote th e ir w ork to th e w ide r antim ilitaris t-
nonviole nt ne tw ork . W RI ne e ds to provide re s ource s
s uch as cas e s tudie s to h e lp groups de ve lop
s trate gie s for nonviole nt cam paigns . To build a
s ucce s s ful initiative agains t w ar profite e rs , W RI
ne e ds to k now w h at your ne e ds are and h ow w e can
h e lp you de ve lop your cam paigns . If you are doing
th is w ork or w ant to be gin to de ve lop e fforts to s top
w ar profite e rs , ple as e contact us !
Joanne Sh e e h an and Javie r Gárate co-conve ne r
w ar profite e rs th e m e group
I w ant to s upport W RI:(Ple as e tick at le as t one )
□ I e nclos e a donation of £/€/US$ ............ to W RI
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