the buyer decision process€¦ · 1. the purchase decision - searching & estimating the...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
unpacking the buyer decision process
![Page 2: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone or exit Forming a considered set of products Estimating the value of alternatives [i.e. the qualities] Product selection
2. The product delivery - experiencing & assessing Receiving the total product
3. Post-purchase - reflecting & evaluating Rewarding or punishing the organisation [Disposing]
Products have 3 time zones
![Page 3: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Consumers act differently in the different time zonesSearch Experience Reflect
Purchasebehaviour
Product delivery
Postpurchase
Estimate Assess Evaluate
1 2 3
![Page 4: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Consumption CostsValues1
Consumption Qualities
Situationalfactors
Commitment to proceed
Considered set of products
Estimate value of alternatives
cost-benefit-riskanalysis
Recognition of a need
Product selection
Exchange of money may happen in any time-zone
Postpone
Exit
Forming of expectations
Co-create
iterative
Product performance
[+][-]
Purchase behaviour Post-purchase behaviourProduct delivery321 [searching, estimating, & selecting] [experiencing & assessing] [reflecting & evaluating]
![Page 5: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Consumption costsValues1
Consumption Qualities
Situationalfactors
cost-benefit-riskanalysis
Product selection
Exit
MarketCharacteristics
ProductCharacteristics
OrganisationCharacteristics
CustomerCharacteristics
HumanValues1
CulturalValues1
PersonalValues1
MoneyCosts
TimeCosts
EffortCosts Functional
Qualities
SocialQualities
EpistemicQualities
EmotionalQualities
SpiritualQualities
PhysicalQualities
TemporalQualities
SensoryQualities
1
![Page 7: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Consumption costsValues1
Consumption Qualities
Situationalfactors
cost-benefit-riskanalysis
Product selection
Exit
MarketCharacteristics
ProductCharacteristics
OrganisationCharacteristics
CustomerCharacteristics
HumanValues1
CulturalValues1
PersonalValues1
MoneyCosts
TimeCosts
EffortCosts Functional
Qualities
SocialQualities
EpistemicQualities
EmotionalQualities
SpiritualQualities
PhysicalQualities
TemporalQualities
SensoryQualities
1
![Page 8: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
human cultural personalvalue1
![Page 9: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
value2for money
Purchase behaviour is about estimating
![Page 10: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Purchase behaviour is about estimating
value3qualities of value
[e.g., nutritional value of orange juice]
![Page 11: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Consumption costsValues1
Consumption Qualities
Situationalfactors
cost-benefit-riskanalysis
Product selection
Exit
MarketCharacteristics
ProductCharacteristics
OrganisationCharacteristics
CustomerCharacteristics
HumanValues1
CulturalValues1
PersonalValues1
MoneyCosts
TimeCosts
EffortCosts Functional
Qualities
SocialQualities
EpistemicQualities
EmotionalQualities
SpiritualQualities
PhysicalQualities
TemporalQualities
SensoryQualities
1
![Page 12: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Consumption costsValues1
Consumption Qualities
Situationalfactors
cost-benefit-riskanalysis
Product selection
Exit
MarketCharacteristics
ProductCharacteristics
OrganisationCharacteristics
CustomerCharacteristics
HumanValues1
CulturalValues1
PersonalValues1
MoneyCosts
TimeCosts
EffortCosts Functional
Qualities
SocialQualities
EpistemicQualities
EmotionalQualities
SpiritualQualities
PhysicalQualities
TemporalQualities
SensoryQualities
1
Consumption costs Consumption qualities
Perceived value
![Page 13: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
When evaluating consumers estimate risks
Risk management involves the customer predicting possible negative outcomes & taking steps to reduce the risk of a negative outcome
Cost-benefit-risk analysis
The likelihood & probability of positive qualities
The likelihood & probability of negative qualities
Exit Proceed
![Page 14: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Types of risks
• Financial risk – concerns regarding monetary/unexpected costs• Functional risk – concerns regarding performance outcomes.• Social risk – concerns about the reactions/behaviours of others• Epistemic risk – concerns about whether there will be something new.• Emotional risk - personal fears and psychological factors• Spiritual risk – concerns about my ability to practice my beliefs• Physical risk – concerns regarding personal safety or injury• Temporal risk – concerns about inefficient use of time• Sensory risk - unwanted assaults against the 5 senses [sensory stimuli]
![Page 15: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Costs-benefits-risk analysis
Risk management strategies
Acceptable riskUnacceptable risk Questionable risk
Customercharacteristics
Organisationcharacteristics
Marketcharacteristics
Productcharacteristics
1 Recognition of a need
Enter buyer decision process
Exit the buyer decision process Continue the product selection process
![Page 16: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Risk & situational factors [COMP] Consumer considerations
willingness and ability to purchase ability to sustain a loss predisposition to risk attitude towards possible loss of face decision making ability ability to manage risks
Organisation considerations relationship, reputation, possibility of returns, perceptions of trust
Market considerations prevailing economic conditions competitive nature of market reputation of industry
Product considerations degree of involvement with the product - reason for the purchase
(personal use / gift) social visibility of the product (e.g., public or private) familiarity, knowledge, complexity properties [search qualities]
Adapted from Dowling (1999) and Lovelock (2011)
![Page 17: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Risk management strategies Assess tangible cues (physical evidence ) Seek information from experienced and
trusted people Search www for comments Rely on the reputation of the firm Assess guarantees and warranties Assess competing products Seek a trial Stay with current provider [the devil you
know....] Be more involved in the product delivery
process
![Page 18: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Organisations build brands to reduce the consumer’s
perceptions of risk
A purpose of a brand is to reduce the risk for customers and organisations
![Page 19: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Pre-purchase risks often become product qualities Functional
Social
Epistemic
Emotional
Spiritual
Physical
Temporal
Sensory
![Page 20: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Consumption costsValues1
Consumption Qualities
Situationalfactors
cost-benefit-riskanalysis
Product selection
Exit
MarketCharacteristics
ProductCharacteristics
OrganisationCharacteristics
CustomerCharacteristics
HumanValues1
CulturalValues1
PersonalValues1
MoneyCosts
TimeCosts
EffortCosts Functional
Qualities
SocialQualities
EpistemicQualities
EmotionalQualities
SpiritualQualities
PhysicalQualities
TemporalQualities
SensoryQualities
1
![Page 21: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Decision-making roles
The initiator: a person[s] who identifies the product as a means to satisfying a need
The influencer: a person[s] who encourages or discourages further consideration
The decider: a person who has the final say regarding if/what/when/where/how a product will be purchased
The purchaser: the person who completes the exchange
The user: the person[s] who consumes/uses the product
syncretic decision
= autocratic decision
![Page 22: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Consumption costsValues1
Consumption Qualities
Situationalfactors
cost-benefit-riskanalysis
Product selection
Exit
MarketCharacteristics
ProductCharacteristics
OrganisationCharacteristics
CustomerCharacteristics
HumanValues1
CulturalValues1
PersonalValues1
MoneyCosts
TimeCosts
EffortCosts Functional
Qualities
SocialQualities
EpistemicQualities
EmotionalQualities
SpiritualQualities
PhysicalQualities
TemporalQualities
SensoryQualities
1
![Page 23: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Consumption costsValues1
Consumption Qualities
Situationalfactors
cost-benefit-riskanalysis
Product selection
Exit
MarketCharacteristics
ProductCharacteristics
OrganisationCharacteristics
CustomerCharacteristics
HumanValues1
CulturalValues1
PersonalValues1
MoneyCosts
TimeCosts
EffortCosts Functional
Qualities
SocialQualities
EpistemicQualities
EmotionalQualities
SpiritualQualities
PhysicalQualities
TemporalQualities
SensoryQualities
1
![Page 24: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Consumption costsValues1
Consumption Qualities
Situationalfactors
cost-benefit-riskanalysis
Product selection
Exit
MarketCharacteristics
ProductCharacteristics
OrganisationCharacteristics
CustomerCharacteristics
HumanValues1
CulturalValues1
PersonalValues1
MoneyCosts
TimeCosts
EffortCosts Functional
Qualities
SocialQualities
EpistemicQualities
EmotionalQualities
SpiritualQualities
PhysicalQualities
TemporalQualities
SensoryQualities
1
![Page 25: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Consumption costsValues1
Consumption Qualities
Situationalfactors
cost-benefit-riskanalysis
Product selection
Exit
MarketCharacteristics
ProductCharacteristics
OrganisationCharacteristics
CustomerCharacteristics
HumanValues1
CulturalValues1
PersonalValues1
MoneyCosts
TimeCosts
EffortCosts Functional
Qualities
SocialQualities
EpistemicQualities
EmotionalQualities
SpiritualQualities
PhysicalQualities
TemporalQualities
SensoryQualities
1
![Page 26: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Consumption costsValues1
Consumption Qualities
Situationalfactors
cost-benefit-riskanalysis
Product selection
Exit
MarketCharacteristics
ProductCharacteristics
OrganisationCharacteristics
CustomerCharacteristics
HumanValues1
CulturalValues1
PersonalValues1
MoneyCosts
TimeCosts
EffortCosts Functional
Qualities
SocialQualities
EpistemicQualities
EmotionalQualities
SpiritualQualities
PhysicalQualities
TemporalQualities
SensoryQualities
1
![Page 27: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Consumption costsValues1
Consumption Qualities
Situationalfactors
cost-benefit-riskanalysis
Product selection
Exit
MarketCharacteristics
ProductCharacteristics
OrganisationCharacteristics
CustomerCharacteristics
HumanValues1
CulturalValues1
PersonalValues1
MoneyCosts
TimeCosts
EffortCosts Functional
Qualities
SocialQualities
EpistemicQualities
EmotionalQualities
SpiritualQualities
PhysicalQualities
TemporalQualities
SensoryQualities
1
![Page 28: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Routine decision making
Limited decision making
Extensive decision making
Low involvement, low costs, frequently purchased, familiar,
generally low risk
Higher involvement, higher costs, infrequently purchased, unfamiliar, generally higher risk
varies with product & influences consumer decision-making
Impulse decision making
involvement
Product selection
![Page 29: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Routine decision making
Limited decision making
Extensive decision making
Low involvement, low costs, frequently purchased, familiar,
generally low risk
Higher involvement, higher costs, infrequently purchased, unfamiliar, generally higher risk
Product selection
Impulse decision making
Peripheral route of persuasion
Central route of persuasion
Communication strategywill vary according to
customer decision-making
![Page 30: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Consumers search for information to make
informed decisions
![Page 31: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Searching & decision-makingAll possible products/brands
discovered products/brands
known products/brands
unacceptable
undiscovered products/brands
‘Listed’
acceptable indifference
Refined ‘considered set’ of alternative products
Estimate the value of suitable
alternatives
Product selection
[decision-making]
Positive attitude Positive expectations 2 3&
![Page 32: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Searching for informationWhat do I already know What do I need to know
I am unfamiliar with the product & need further information
I am familiar with the product & need no further information
Internal search External search
What do I need to know?Who/what/where are the best sources
?
![Page 33: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Searching previous experiences
Retrieving familiar products/brands: From past consumer experiences From observations of other consumers From communication generated
Inside the organisation Outside the organisation
Internal search
attitudes
![Page 34: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
socialprinttelevisionbillboardssponsorshipemailmobiledirect mailwebsitePOPbrochuresSEO
External search may include a wide spectrum of media
![Page 35: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Considered set of products
Consumers identify products that are worth further consideration Unacceptable products/brands
are then removed from ‘the list’ Acceptable products are included
in the list of ‘alternative products’ for further analysis
![Page 37: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Create brand awareness
the ability of the consumer to recollect a product/brand
after obtaining further information
the ability of the consumer to link their need to a product/brand
without obtaining further information
Brand recall Brand recognition
The organisational objective is to
![Page 38: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Decision-making rules
Consumers are opportunistic & adapt their decision-making to suit the situation
There are cognitive & emotional elements
Influenced by their values1 & perceptions of values2,3
![Page 40: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Multi-attribute attitude model
Attributes: Product qualities that a consumer can identify as being embedded within the product
Beliefs: consumer beliefs about the benefits of the product attributes[+-]
based on their perceived product knowledge. The more positive the estimation the more likely the product will be considered.
Importance: the relative importance [hierarchy] of each attribute to a particular consumer.
![Page 41: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Searching & decision-makingAll possible products/brands
discovered products/brands
known products/brands
unacceptable
undiscovered products/brands
‘Listed’
acceptable indifference
Refined ‘considered set’ of alternative products
Estimate the value of suitable
alternatives
Product selection
[decision-making]
Positive attitude Positive expectations 2 3&
Compensatory rule: Conjunctive rule: Elimination by attribute rule: Lexicographic rule: Brand affect rule:
[decision-making rules]
![Page 42: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Compensatory rule: consumers estimate the attributes of products and calculate a performance attribute score to identify acceptable products. It is referred to as ‘compensatory’ as consumers will cognitively ‘compensate’ each product across all the embedded attributes – calculate an average across all product attributes
Conjunctive rule: rejects products that have any unacceptable product attributes including products that have unacceptable money, time, or effort costs. The disjunctive rule is considering products that have acceptable product attributes
Elimination by attribute rule: initially, the consumer lists products that are acceptable across relevant attributes, then estimates the product attributes and removes the products with the lowest performance attribute score until one product stands out
Lexicographic rule: consumers will rank products by preference, when two or more products have equal ranking then the consumer searches further to determine the product with the highest overall rating across all attributes plus one determinant attribute
Brand affect rule: accepts the brand that is best known and has the highest degree of perceived trust
[decision-making rules]
![Page 43: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
expectationsmarketers call this the expected product
consumers enter every exchange withBased on this information
![Page 44: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Product selection creates expectations
✓✘✘✘ ✘✘ ✘
Consumer expectations of a best satisfying product
The product selection process creates
![Page 45: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
During the product selection stepcustomer predict expectation scenarios
IdealEquitable [augmented product]
Predictive[expected product]
Adequate [core product]
UnacceptableNo one would enter an exchange with an
expected an overall negative outcome
![Page 46: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
A consumer would not enter an exchange if they expected a negative outcome.
✓
![Page 47: The buyer decision process€¦ · 1. The purchase decision - searching & estimating The recognition of an unmet need Analysing costs - benefits - risks A commitment to proceed postpone](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051604/5ffc3063ac42a05a564e5002/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Satisfaction is about reflecting & evaluating
Qualities: are what we get [quality is the sum of qualities]
Value: is what we getVwhat we give Satisfaction: is what we getVgiveVexpectations
getVgiveVexpect